PSV-14 Influence of monsoon rainfall events on movement patterns of Angus crossbred vs. Raramuri Criollo cattle on desert rangeland

Abstract The Chihuahuan Desert averages 247 mm of precipitation annually, 53% of which occurs between July and September. Our objective was to examine movement, activity, pasture use, and watering patterns of Angus x Hereford (AH) and Raramuri Criollo (RC) cows on days with precipitation events (PE, ≥ 1.3 mm rain recorded) vs. days with no precipitation (NP) at the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico during the summers of 2015, 2016, and 2017. Breeds grazed two adjacent pastures (12A = 1190 ha; 12C = 1165 ha) separately in a crossover design for 4 weeks each year. Seven to nine randomly selected cows per breed were collared with Lotek 3300-LR GPS set to log position every 10 min. An average of 7.6 PE occurred during the 4-week trials each year. On PE days, cows traveled farther (PE = 6.95 vs. NP = 6.43 km, P < 0.01), spent more time grazing (PE = 9.07 vs. NP = 8.76 h/day, P = 0.07) and less time resting (PE = 13.90 vs. NP = 14.38 h/day, P = 0.01), and traveled similar distances from watering points (PE = 0.84 vs. NP = 0.80 km, P = 0.41) compared to NP days. On PE days, cows spent less time within 200 m (PE = 1.32 vs. NP = 2.95 h, P < 0.01) and 100 m (PE = 0.79 vs. NP = 1.90 h, P < 0.01) of drinkers regardless of breed. We detected no rainfall x breed interaction (P > 0.05). Overall, RC cows traveled farther, at higher velocities, spent more time grazing, less time resting, and explored areas with greater radius than AH counterparts (P < 0.05). Precipitation appeared to relax environmental constraints on activity of both breeds, likely due to availability of ephemeral watering sources and a transient drop in temperature.

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Flora of Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico

The American Midland Naturalist ◽

10.2307/2421206 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 626 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elbert L. Little ◽

Robert S. Campbell

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Experimental Range

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Population Characteristics of Coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico

The American Midland Naturalist ◽

10.2307/2426666 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 138 (1) ◽

pp. 197 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lamar A. Windberg ◽

Steven M. Ebbert ◽

Brian T. Kelly

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Chihuahuan Desert ◽

Canis Latrans ◽

Population Characteristics

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Off-field transport of phosphorus from an Ultisol under pasture

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v90i3-4.1004 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 90 (3-4) ◽

pp. 159-172

Author(s):

David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽

Gustavo A. Martínez ◽

Luis Pérez-Alegría ◽

John Ramírez-Ávila

Keyword(s):

Organic Amendments ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Suspended Sediments ◽

Tropical Pastures ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Impact Surface ◽

Mass Losses ◽

One Year ◽

Precipitation Events

Broadcast applications of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments to pastures can contribute significant phosphorus (P) loads to surface waters. An experiment was conducted to quantify edge of field P concentrations in runoff and mass losses from plots in an Ultisol-Oxisol complex amended with two inorganic P levels [44 kg P/ha/yr (44PI) and 131 kg P/ha/yr (131 PI)], and an organic P source (broiler litter) [131 kg P/ha/yr (131 PC-)]. The total amount of P was split in two applications for the organic treatment and in four for the inorganic treatments. Vegetation within plots was mainly naturalized tropical pastures (80% coverage) and the soil slope was between 10 and 12%. Hydrologic discharge, suspended sediments, dissolved P and total P (TP) were quantified over a one-year period to 7 August 2003. Runoff from each field was diverted to a fractionator, where 1 or 10% was collected. Of the 174 precipitation events, 59 resulted in significant runoff, and hydrologic discharge accounted for 22% to 35% of the total rainfall (164.3 cm). Sediment losses ranged from 230 to 818 kg/ha. Cumulative TP mass losses were 3.19, 7.04, and 5.02 kg P/ha, for the 44PI, 131 PI, and 131PO treatments, respectively. These losses corresponded to 7.3, 4.9, and 3.5% of the annual P applied in the treatments 44PI, 131 PI, and 131PO, respectively. Although the magnitude of P losses was relatively low from an agricultural production standpoint, these can impact surface-water quality via nutrient enrichment. The greatest magnitude of TP mass losses occurred when application coincided with frequent intense rainfall events. RESUMEN Las aplicaciones de fertilizantes y enmiendas orgánicas a los suelos pueden contribuir cantidades significativas de fósforo (P) a las aguas superficiales. Se realizó un experimento para cuantificar las concentraciones de P en la escorrentía y las pérdidas en masa de P al borde de predio en un Ultisol enmendado con dos niveles de superfosfato triple como fuente inorgánica de P [44 kg P/ha/año (44 Pl) y 131 kg P/ha/año (131PI)] y una fuente orgánica de P [131 kg P/ha/año (131PO)] aplicado como pollinaza. La aplicación de P se fraccionó en dos para la fuente orgánica y en cuatro para la fuente inorgánica. La vegetación dentro de los predios era principalmente de pasturas tropicales naturalizadas y la pendiente varió entre 10 y 12%. La descarga hidrológica, sedimentos suspendidos, P disuelto y P total se cuantificaron durante un año. La escorrentía de cada parcela se canalizó hacia un fraccionador donde se recolectó el 1% o el 10% de la misma. De los 174 eventos de precipitación, 59 resultaron en escorrentía significativa, y la descarga hidrológica varió entre 22 y 35% de la totalidad (164.3 cm). Las pérdidas de sedimento variaron entre 230 y 818 kg/ha/año. Las pérdidas de P cumulativas fueron 3.19, 7.04, y 5.02 kg P/ha, para los tratamientos 44PI, 131 PI, y 131PO, respectivamente. Desde una perspectiva de producción agrícola, la magnitud de las pérdidas de P fueron bajas, pero estas cantidades pueden afectar las aguas superficiales vía el enriquecimiento nutricional. Las mayores pérdidas de P ocurrieron en periodos de tiempo cuando la aplicación coincidió con eventos de lluvia de relativamente alta intensidad y frecuencia.

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Soil moisture content and plant transpiration in the Chihuahuan Desert of New Mexico

Journal of Arid Environments ◽

10.1016/s0140-1963(18)31182-0 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

William H. Schlesinger ◽

Paul J. Fonteyn ◽

Giles M. Marion

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

New Mexico ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Chihuahuan Desert ◽

Plant Transpiration

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Characteristics of southwest summer monsoon rainfall events over East India

Theoretical and Applied Climatology ◽

10.1007/s00704-020-03251-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (3-4) ◽

pp. 1511-1528

Author(s):

Vasundhara Barde ◽

M. M. Nageswararao ◽

U. C. Mohanty ◽

R. K. Panda ◽

M. Ramadas

Keyword(s):

Summer Monsoon ◽

Monsoon Rainfall ◽

Summer Monsoon Rainfall ◽

Rainfall Events

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PSVII-3 Body temperature and movement patterns of Raramuri Criollo versus Angus-crossbred cows grazing Chihuahuan Desert rangeland in summer

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.600 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 297-297

Author(s):

Andres Cibils ◽

Rick Estell ◽

Alfredo Gonzalez ◽

Sheri Spiegal ◽

Martha Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Chihuahuan Desert ◽

Animal Movement ◽

Movement Patterns ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Gps Collars ◽

Habitat Analysis ◽

Body Heat ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Body temperature and movement patterns of Angus Hereford crossbred (AH) vs. Raramuri Criollo (RC) nursing cows were monitored in summer 2016 and 2017. AH and RC cows grazed separately in two adjacent Chihuahuan Desert pastures (1190ha, 1165ha) in a crossover design for 4 weeks each year. Body temperature (BodyT) was monitored at 10 min intervals by placing blank CIDRs containing a temperature logger in 10 cows per breed. Seven to 9 AH and RC cows were also fitted with GPS collars that recorded position and ambient temperature (CollarT) at 10 min intervals. A landscape thermal map (LandT) was developed for habitat analysis. Data were analyzed within four daytime segments: dawn (sunrise to 9AM); pre-noon (9AM to noon); post-noon (noon to 3PM); and dusk (3PM to sunset). ANOVA was used to determine whether BodyT, animal movement, CollarT, and mean LandT position within each day segment were different for AH vs. RC cows. Breed nested within Year*Pasture was treated as the experimental unit. BodyT increased as a day progressed and was higher (P < 0.05) in AH vs. RC during post-noon (38.83 vs. 38.42oC) and dusk (39.22 vs. 38.70oC). Compared to AH counterparts, RC cows traveled farther (4.7 vs. 2.7 km*daytime h-1, P < 0.05), at higher velocities (5.9 vs. 3.5 m*min-1, P < 0.05) and spent more time grazing (5.6 vs. 4.3 daytime h; P < 0.05) and traveling (0.7 vs. 0.3 daytime h; P < 0.05) during all four daytime segments. Largest breed differences were observed during the hottest segments of the day (post-noon and dusk). Increasing CollarT throughout a day was associated with selection of cooler landscape locations (LandT) in both breeds. Apparent lower body heat load in RC cows may reduce constraints on their movement patterns compared to AH cows grazing Chihuahuan Desert rangeland in summer.

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Variability of Summer Precipitation Events Associated with Tropical Cyclones over Mid-Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Basin: Role of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10050256 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 256 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fuqiang Cao ◽

Tao Gao ◽

Li Dan ◽

Lian Xie ◽

Xiang Gong

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

El Niño ◽

Yangtze River ◽

El Nino ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Yangtze River Basin ◽

El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Normal Rainfall ◽

Precipitation Events

Based on tropical cyclone (TC) track data and gridded observational rainfall data of CN05.1 during the period of 1961 to 2014, we examine the contribution of TCs on three metrics of summertime rainfall regimes and identify the connection between TC-induced precipitation events and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in middle–lower reaches of Yangtze River Basin (MLYRB). At the regional scale, TCs are responsible for approximately 14.4%, 12.5%, and 6.9% of rainfall events for normal, 75th, and 95th percentile precipitation cases, respectively. There is no evidence of significant long-term trends of the three type events linked with TCs, while their interdecadal variability is remarkable. Fractionally, larger proportions of TC-induced events occur along southeast coastal regions of MLYRB for normal rainfall events, and they are recorded over southwest and central-east MLYRB for 95th percentile cases. Moreover, a larger contribution of 95th percentile precipitation events to summer total rainfall is found than that for 75th percentile cases, suggesting that TCs may exert stronger impacts on the upper tail of summertime precipitation distribution across MLYRB. The TC-induced normal rainfall events tend to occur more frequency over central-west MLYRB during negative phase of ENSO in summer. However, the higher likelihood of TC-induced rainfall for three defined metrics are found over the majority of areas over MLYRB during negative ENSO phase in spring. In preceding winter, La Niña episode plays a crucial role in controlling the frequency of both normal and 75th percentile precipitation events.

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Intense Precipitation Events Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in Response to a Warmer Climate and Increased CO2

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-14-00065.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 4642-4654 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Enrico Scoccimarro ◽

Silvio Gualdi ◽

Gabriele Villarini ◽

Gabriel A. Vecchi ◽

Ming Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tropical Cyclones ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Special Focus ◽

Relative Role ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Landfalling Tropical Cyclones ◽

Precipitation Changes ◽

Precipitation Events

Abstract In this work the authors investigate possible changes in the intensity of rainfall events associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) under idealized forcing scenarios, including a uniformly warmer climate, with a special focus on landfalling storms. A new set of experiments designed within the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Hurricane Working Group allows disentangling the relative role of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide from that played by sea surface temperature (SST) in changing the amount of precipitation associated with TCs in a warmer world. Compared to the present-day simulation, an increase in TC precipitation was found under the scenarios involving SST increases. On the other hand, in a CO2-doubling-only scenario, the changes in TC rainfall are small and it was found that, on average, TC rainfall tends to decrease compared to the present-day climate. The results of this study highlight the contribution of landfalling TCs to the projected increase in the precipitation changes affecting the tropical coastal regions.

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Partial Beam Blockage Correction Using Polarimetric Radar Measurements

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ◽

10.1175/jtech-d-12-00075.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 861-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

P. Zhang ◽

D. Zrnić ◽

A. Ryzhkov

Keyword(s):

Monsoon Rainfall ◽

Radar Data ◽

Southwest Monsoon ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Differential Phase ◽

High Rise ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Radar Measurements ◽

Elevation Model ◽

Reflectivity Factor

Abstract A new method for mitigation of partial beam blockage that uses the consistency between reflectivity factor Z and specific differential phase KDP and their radial integrals in rain is presented. The immunity of differential phase ΦDP to partial beam blockage is utilized to estimate the bias of reflectivity factor caused by beam blockage. The algorithm is tested on dual-polarization radar data collected by the NCAR S-band polarimetric Dopper radar system (S-Pol) during the Southwest Monsoon Experiment/Terrain-Influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SoWMEX/TiMREX) in June 2008 in Taiwan. Corrected reflectivity factors in the blocked sectors are compared with corresponding values deduced from a digital elevation model (DEM) to show the advantage of the suggested method in areas where obstacles such as high-rise buildings cause additional blockage that is not accounted for by DEM. The accuracy and robustness of the method is quantitatively evaluated using a series of radar volume scans obtained in three rainfall events.

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