scholarly journals Effects of processing, moisture, and storage length on the fermentation profile, particle size, and ruminal disappearance of reconstituted corn grain

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L M Gomes ◽  
Antonio V I Bueno ◽  
Fernando A Jacovaci ◽  
Guilherme Donadel ◽  
Luiz F Ferraretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Moisture Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Ground Corn ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Our objective was to examine the effects of processing, moisture, and anaerobic storage length of reconstituted corn grain (RCG) on the fermentation profile, geometric mean particle size (GMPS), and ruminal dry matter disappearance (DMD). Dry corn kernels were ground (hammer mill, 5-mm screen) or rolled, then rehydrated to 30%, 35%, or 40% moisture, and stored for 0, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 180 d in laboratory silos. Rolled corn had an increased GMPS compared with ground corn (2.24 and 1.13 mm, respectively, at ensiling). However, there was a trend for an interaction between processing and moisture concentration to affect particle size, with GMPS increasing with increased moisture concentration, especially in ground corn. Longer storage periods also slightly increased GMPS. Processing, moisture, and storage length interacted to affect the fermentation pattern (two- or three-way interactions). Overall, pH decreased, whereas lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and NH3-N increased with storage length. RCG with 30% moisture had less lactic acid than corn with 35% and 40% moisture, indicating that fermentation might have been curtailed and also due to the clostridial fermentation that converts lactic acid to butyric acid. Ensiling reconstituted ground corn with 30% of moisture led to greater concentrations of ethanol and butyric acid, resulting in greater DM loss than grain rehydrated to 35% or 40% of moisture. Ammonia-N and in situ ruminal DMD were highest for reconstituted ground corn with 35% or 40% of moisture, mainly after 60 d of storage. Therefore, longer storage periods and greater moisture contents did not offset the negative effect of greater particle size on the in situ ruminal DMD of rolled RCG. Nonetheless, RCG should be ensiled with more than 30% moisture and stored for at least 2 mo to improve the ruminal DMD and reduce the formation of ethanol and butyric acid.

Fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba for goat feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
A. G. S. Matias ◽  
G. G. L. Araujo ◽  
F. S. Campos ◽  
S. A. Moraes ◽  
G. C. Gois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Fermentation Profile

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the fermentation profile and nutritional quality of silages composed of cactus pear and maniçoba. Two experiments were performed: the first evaluated the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and determined the organic acids in cactus pear silages with the inclusion of five levels of maniçoba (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in six opening times (1, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days). The second experiment determined the nutrient intake, digestibility, water balance and nitrogen balance in Canindé goats fed diets based on cactus pear silage with the inclusion of four levels of maniçoba (25, 50, 75 and 100%), with six animals per treatment. The increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silage provided a linear increase in the butyric acid, dry matter (DM), ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, water intake via drinking fountain and metabolic water, and reduced the pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, mineral matter, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates, water intake via food, total water intake, water excreted in the faeces, water excreted in the urine, total water excretion and water balance. Quadratic behaviour was observed for N-NH3, DM recovery and propionic acid, with an increase in maniçoba levels in cactus pear silages. Regarding the different opening times, there was a significant effect in pH, N-NH3, acetic acid, lactic acid and butyric acid (P < 0.050). The inclusion of maniçoba in cactus pear silage improved the fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality to be used in diets for goats.

scholarly journals Effects of Microbial Inoculation and Storage Length on Fermentation Profile and Nutrient Composition of Whole-Plant Sorghum Silage of Different Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cole Diepersloot ◽  
Matheus R. Pupo ◽  
Lucas G. Ghizzi ◽  
Jessica O. Gusmão ◽  
Celso Heinzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Microbial Inoculation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
And Storage

This study aimed to assess the effects of a heterofermentative microbial inoculant and storage length on fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and nutrient composition in whole-plant sorghum silage (WPSS) from different varieties. Experiment 1, a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement, evaluated microbial inoculation [CON (50 mL distilled water) or LBLD (Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 21762, L. buchneri DSM 12856, and L. diolivorans DSM 32074; 300,000 CFU/g of fresh forage)] and storage length (14, 28, or 56 d) in forage WPSS. The LBLD silage had lower pH compared to CON, and greater concentrations of succinic acid, ethanol, 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD), 1-propanol, 2,3-butanediol and total acids. After 56 d, lactic acid concentration was greater for CON, while acetic acid and aerobic stability were greater in LBLD silage. Experiment 2, a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement, evaluated effects of microbial inoculation (same as experiment 1) and storage length (14, 28, or 56 d) in WPSS of three varieties [forage sorghum (Mojo Seed, OPAL, Hereford, TX), sorghum-sudangrass (Dyna-gro Seed, Fullgraze II, Loveland, CO, United States), or sweet sorghum (MAFES Foundation Seed Stocks, Dale, MS State, MS)]. The LBLD forage sorghum had greater acetic acid and 1,2-PD concentrations at 56 d and 28 d, respectively, but lower concentrations of propionic acid at 56 d and butyric acid at 14 and 28 d. Additionally, WSC concentration was greater for CON than LBLD at 28 d. Furthermore, CON sweet sorghum had greater lactic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid concentrations. However, greater acetic acid and 1,2-PD were observed for LBLD sweet sorghum. The CON sweet sorghum had greater concentration of WSC and yeast counts. The CON sorghum sudangrass had greater lactic and butyric acid concentrations than LBLD at 14 d, but lower acetic acid and 1,2-PD concentrations at 56 d. Yeast counts were greater for CON than LBLD sorghum sudangrass silage. Overall, results indicate inoculation of WPSS with Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 21762, L. buchneri DSM 12856, and L. diolivorans DSM 32074 improves heterofermentative co-fermentation allowing the accumulation of acetic acid concentration and increasing antifungal capacities and aerobic stability of WPSS.

scholarly journals Fermentation Profile of Millet Silage With Inclusion of Dehydrated Corn Grain, Cob and Straw

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Vanderli Luciano da Silva ◽  
Paulo Vitor Divino Xavier de Freitas ◽  
Débora De Carvalho Basto ◽  
Leonardo Guimarães de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Staciarini Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Corn Grain

This study aimed to evaluating the fermentation characteristics of millet silage, cultivar ADR500, under the inclusion of different levels of dehydrated corn grain, cob and straw (CGCS): 0, 5, 10 and 15%, ensiled after 78 days of vegetative growth. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments and 4 replications, totaling 16 experimental units. Was evaluated pH, buffering capacity, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, gas and effluents losses, dry matter recovery, and soluble carbohydrates. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and means were compared by 5% Tukey test. A regression analysis was performed for the inclusion levels. CGCS inclusion reduced (P<0.05) gas and effluent loss in all treatments, ranging from 6.10 to 3.48 for gases and 9.05 to 17.28 for effluents, and significantly contributed to the dry matter recovery process (DM). Buffer power values (BP), pH and ammoniacal-N were influenced (P <0.05) by the inclusion of different levels of CGCS. Levels of acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acid were influenced by treatments. Finally, soluble carbohydrate values is increased depending on the CGCS inclusion levels, proving be efficient to improve the silage fermentation profile quality.

Effect of cactus pear as a moistening additive in the production of rehydrated corn grain silage

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
D. M. Pereira ◽  
E. M. Santos ◽  
J. S. Oliveira ◽  
F. N. S. Santos ◽  
R. C. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of cactus pear as a moistening additive on fermentative and microbiological characteristics, aerobic stability (AS), chemical composition and in situ rumen degradability of corn grain silage at different opening times. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme with four levels of dry matter (DM) (50; 60; 70 and 80% of DM) and three opening times (30; 60 and 120 days after ensiling), with four replications. There was an effect of interaction (P < 0.05) between the DM levels and opening times on silage yeast population, effluent losses, gas losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), AS of the silage and on lactic acid bacteria, mould and yeast populations after AS trial. The 60% DM level presented DMR values above 930 g/kg of DM. However, the lowest AS time (96.52 h) was observed in silages with 60% DM at 60 days after ensiling, although all silages have shown high AS. The DM in situ degradability of the ensiled mass increased after the ensiling process at all DM levels and opening times, with the 60% DM content showing the best result. When using cactus pear as a corn grain moistening additive, the 60% DM level is recommended when the opening time is up 120 days.

scholarly journals Corn grain processing improves chemical composition and fermentative profile of rehydrated silage

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 42564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Richard Hilário da Silva ◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Milene Puntel Osmari
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Ground Corn ◽  
Corn Grain

This study evaluated the effects of the rehydration and ensiling of corn grain with two geometric mean diameters (GMD) of 0.55 and 1.83 mm obtained by the diameter of the sieved used on the fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of the silage. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and six replications, as follows: rehydrated fine-corn grain silage (RFS) and rehydrated coarse-corn grain silage (RCS). Ground corn was rehydrated with water to achieve moisture levels close to 350 g kg-1. There was no effect on the dry matter recovery, though the recovery rate was high, with values greater than 97% in both silages. The particle size influenced the fiber content, with lower values in the RFS. The acetic and lactic acid concentrations were higher in the RFS, but the pH of the silages did not change. Oxygen exposure changed the pH of silages to 4.25 and 4.38 for RFS and RCS, respectively. After opening the silos, the silages showed high aerobic stability after 90 hours, which resulted in lower deterioration and lesser loss of quality. The geometric mean diameter of corn grain affects the silage fermentative profile and nutritional value.  

scholarly journals Silage of rehydrated corn grain

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Mombach ◽  
D.H. Pereira ◽  
D.S. Pina ◽  
D.C Bolson ◽  
B.C. Pedreira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Water Inclusion ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Ground Corn ◽  
Corn Grain

ABSTRACT The objective with this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of water inclusion on the chemical composition and fermentation profiles of reconstituted corn grain silage. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, with three replicates per treatment. Five treatments were evaluated with different levels of water inclusion (% of the natural matter): dry corn grain (control); 90% dry corn grain (DCG) and 10% water; 80% DCG and 20% water; 70% DGC and 30% water; and 60% DCG and 40% water, totaling 45 experimental silos. Inclusion of water in the silage of reconstituted corn grain promoted a reduction in the CP (%) and NDF (%) contents. However, the water increase elevated the NPN/TN contents and the amount of effluent, gas and dry matter (%) losses. The treatment with inclusion of 30% water in the natural matter leads to a better fermentation profile and fewer losses of effluent and dry matter, so it is recommended for ensiling dry ground corn grain.

scholarly journals PSVIII-23 Effects of different growth height on the yield, chemical composition, silage fermentation profile, in vitro and in situ digestibility of Broussonetia papyrifera

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 325-327
Author(s):  
YangYi Hao ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yue Gong ◽  
Gaokun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) is a woody roughage source with high protein content. The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different growth height (GH) on the BP yield, chemical composition, silage fermentation profile, as well as ruminants in vitro and in situ digestibility of different parts of BP. The three different harvested GH of BP were 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 m, respectively. Samples from leaf, stem, and whole plant of BP were collected (each one has three replicates), making silage, and detected the nutritional composition of them. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Duncan’s multiple comparisons. Fresh weight increased with the GH increased (P &lt; 0.05). No significant difference was observed in dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yield of leaf, and CP yield of whole plant between 1.2 to 1.6 m GH (P &gt; 0.05). With the increase of GH, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of BP increased, while CP content decreased (P &lt; 0.05). Stem had the highest NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, and the lowest CP content and buffer capacity. The BP silage fermentation quality was deteriorated (lactic acid content decreased and pH values increased) with GH increased. For the different parts of BP, leaf silage had the highest pH and stem silage had the highest lactic acid content (P &lt; 0.05). The leaf and its silage had the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility and gas production compared to others. The BP in situ digestibility were corresponded with in vitro results. DM, CP, NDF, and ADF effective digestibility rates of whole plant with 1.2 m GH were 439.6, 455.1, 412.9, and 381.3 g/kg, respectively. In conclusion, the BP nutritional quality decreased with GH increased and it could be used as a potential feedstuff for ruminants.

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