Fermentation Profile of Millet Silage With Inclusion of Dehydrated Corn Grain, Cob and Straw

This study aimed to evaluating the fermentation characteristics of millet silage, cultivar ADR500, under the inclusion of different levels of dehydrated corn grain, cob and straw (CGCS): 0, 5, 10 and 15%, ensiled after 78 days of vegetative growth. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments and 4 replications, totaling 16 experimental units. Was evaluated pH, buffering capacity, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, gas and effluents losses, dry matter recovery, and soluble carbohydrates. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and means were compared by 5% Tukey test. A regression analysis was performed for the inclusion levels. CGCS inclusion reduced (P<0.05) gas and effluent loss in all treatments, ranging from 6.10 to 3.48 for gases and 9.05 to 17.28 for effluents, and significantly contributed to the dry matter recovery process (DM). Buffer power values (BP), pH and ammoniacal-N were influenced (P <0.05) by the inclusion of different levels of CGCS. Levels of acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acid were influenced by treatments. Finally, soluble carbohydrate values is increased depending on the CGCS inclusion levels, proving be efficient to improve the silage fermentation profile quality.

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Effects of adding a Lactobacillus Plantarum inoculant to grass ensiled at different dry matter concentrations and offered to beef cattle

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600026623 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1994 ◽

pp. 115-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. O'Kiely

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

Different Levels

Silage fermentation is progressively restricted as the extent of pre-wilting increases (O'Kiely et_al., 1988). The magnitude of the improvement in silage nutritive value in response to a lactic acid bacteria inoculant could be related to the extent of the fermentation in the untreated silage. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the response in silage nutritive value to a Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant was similar at different levels of dry matter (DM) concentration.

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Silage of rehydrated corn grain

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9676 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 959-966 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.A. Mombach ◽

D.H. Pereira ◽

D.S. Pina ◽

D.C Bolson ◽

B.C. Pedreira

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

Water Inclusion ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Different Levels ◽

Ground Corn ◽

Corn Grain

ABSTRACT The objective with this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of water inclusion on the chemical composition and fermentation profiles of reconstituted corn grain silage. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, with three replicates per treatment. Five treatments were evaluated with different levels of water inclusion (% of the natural matter): dry corn grain (control); 90% dry corn grain (DCG) and 10% water; 80% DCG and 20% water; 70% DGC and 30% water; and 60% DCG and 40% water, totaling 45 experimental silos. Inclusion of water in the silage of reconstituted corn grain promoted a reduction in the CP (%) and NDF (%) contents. However, the water increase elevated the NPN/TN contents and the amount of effluent, gas and dry matter (%) losses. The treatment with inclusion of 30% water in the natural matter leads to a better fermentation profile and fewer losses of effluent and dry matter, so it is recommended for ensiling dry ground corn grain.

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PSVIII-23 Effects of different growth height on the yield, chemical composition, silage fermentation profile, in vitro and in situ digestibility of Broussonetia papyrifera

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.582 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 325-327

Author(s):

YangYi Hao ◽

Shuai Huang ◽

Jun Zhang ◽

Yue Gong ◽

Gaokun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Lactic Acid Content ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

Different Parts

Abstract Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) is a woody roughage source with high protein content. The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different growth height (GH) on the BP yield, chemical composition, silage fermentation profile, as well as ruminants in vitro and in situ digestibility of different parts of BP. The three different harvested GH of BP were 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 m, respectively. Samples from leaf, stem, and whole plant of BP were collected (each one has three replicates), making silage, and detected the nutritional composition of them. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Duncan’s multiple comparisons. Fresh weight increased with the GH increased (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yield of leaf, and CP yield of whole plant between 1.2 to 1.6 m GH (P > 0.05). With the increase of GH, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of BP increased, while CP content decreased (P < 0.05). Stem had the highest NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, and the lowest CP content and buffer capacity. The BP silage fermentation quality was deteriorated (lactic acid content decreased and pH values increased) with GH increased. For the different parts of BP, leaf silage had the highest pH and stem silage had the highest lactic acid content (P < 0.05). The leaf and its silage had the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility and gas production compared to others. The BP in situ digestibility were corresponded with in vitro results. DM, CP, NDF, and ADF effective digestibility rates of whole plant with 1.2 m GH were 439.6, 455.1, 412.9, and 381.3 g/kg, respectively. In conclusion, the BP nutritional quality decreased with GH increased and it could be used as a potential feedstuff for ruminants.

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Effects of processing, moisture, and storage length on the fermentation profile, particle size, and ruminal disappearance of reconstituted corn grain

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Ana L M Gomes ◽

Antonio V I Bueno ◽

Fernando A Jacovaci ◽

Guilherme Donadel ◽

Luiz F Ferraretto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

Moisture Concentration ◽

Fermentation Profile ◽

And Storage ◽

Ground Corn ◽

Corn Grain

Abstract Our objective was to examine the effects of processing, moisture, and anaerobic storage length of reconstituted corn grain (RCG) on the fermentation profile, geometric mean particle size (GMPS), and ruminal dry matter disappearance (DMD). Dry corn kernels were ground (hammer mill, 5-mm screen) or rolled, then rehydrated to 30%, 35%, or 40% moisture, and stored for 0, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 180 d in laboratory silos. Rolled corn had an increased GMPS compared with ground corn (2.24 and 1.13 mm, respectively, at ensiling). However, there was a trend for an interaction between processing and moisture concentration to affect particle size, with GMPS increasing with increased moisture concentration, especially in ground corn. Longer storage periods also slightly increased GMPS. Processing, moisture, and storage length interacted to affect the fermentation pattern (two- or three-way interactions). Overall, pH decreased, whereas lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and NH3-N increased with storage length. RCG with 30% moisture had less lactic acid than corn with 35% and 40% moisture, indicating that fermentation might have been curtailed and also due to the clostridial fermentation that converts lactic acid to butyric acid. Ensiling reconstituted ground corn with 30% of moisture led to greater concentrations of ethanol and butyric acid, resulting in greater DM loss than grain rehydrated to 35% or 40% of moisture. Ammonia-N and in situ ruminal DMD were highest for reconstituted ground corn with 35% or 40% of moisture, mainly after 60 d of storage. Therefore, longer storage periods and greater moisture contents did not offset the negative effect of greater particle size on the in situ ruminal DMD of rolled RCG. Nonetheless, RCG should be ensiled with more than 30% moisture and stored for at least 2 mo to improve the ruminal DMD and reduce the formation of ethanol and butyric acid.

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The assessment of herbage legume varieties. II. In vitro digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate, crude protein and mineral content of primary growth of clover and lucerne

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600063656 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 351-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

W. Ellis Davies ◽

G. ap Griffith ◽

A. Ellington

Keyword(s):

White Clover ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Red Clover ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Primary Growth

The primary growth of eight varieties of three species–white clover (3), red clover (4) and lucerne (1)–was sampled at fortnightly intervals and the percentage dry matter, in vitro digestibility, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates, P, Ca, K, Na and Mg were determined.Differences between species were nearly always significant and the general order of merit was white clover, red clover and lucerne. The exceptions were for dry-matter percentage where this order was reversed, and red clover had the lowest Na and highest Mg content.

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Preliminary Study on Effect of Early Defoliation on Dry Matter Accumulation and Storage of Reserves on ‘Abbé Fétel’ Pear Trees

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci14465-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (12) ◽

pp. 2169-2177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karen Mesa ◽

Sara Serra ◽

Andrea Masia ◽

Federico Gagliardi ◽

Daniele Bucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Growing Season ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Pear Trees

Annual accumulation of starch is affected by carbon reserves stored in the organs during the growing season and is controlled mainly by sink strength gradients within the tree. However, unfavorable environmental conditions (e.g., hail events) or application of management practices (e.g., defoliation to enhance overcolor in bicolor apple) could influence the allocation of storage carbohydrates. This preliminary research was conducted to determine the effects of early defoliation on the dry matter, starch, and soluble carbohydrate dynamics in woody organs, roots, and mixed buds classified by age and two levels of crop-load for one growing season in ‘Abbé Fétel’ pear trees (Oct. 2012 to mid-Jan. 2013 in the northern hemisphere). Regardless of the organs evaluated (woody organs, roots, and mixed buds), an increase of soluble carbohydrate concentration was observed in these organs in the period between after harvest (October) and January (dormancy period). Among all organs, woody short-old spurs showed the highest increase (+93.5%) in soluble sugars. With respect to starch, woody organs showed a clear trend of decreasing in concentration between October and January. In this case, short-old spurs showed the smallest decline in starch concentrations, only 6.5%, whereas in other tree organs starch decreased by 34.5%. After harvest (October), leaves showed substantially higher starch and soluble sugar concentrations in trees with lower crop-loads. These results confirm that in the period between October and January, dynamic interconversions between starch and soluble carbohydrates occur at varying magnitudes among organs in pear trees.

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Economic analysis of the finishing of lambs under confinement conditions using licuri cake ( Syagrus coronata Mart. Becc.)

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-9940200252019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Jonival Barreto COSTA ◽

Ronaldo Lopes OLIVEIRA ◽

Thadeu Mariniello SILVA ◽

Ossival Lolato RIBEIRO ◽

Rebeca Dantas Xavier RIBEIRO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Economic Parameters ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Operation Cost ◽

Different Levels ◽

Ground Corn ◽

Corn Grain

SUMMARY The present study endeavors to determine the impact of the inclusion of licuri tart in the diet of finishing lambs, Santa Inês mestizos, by evaluating the economic parameters. For this purpose, a total of 44 lambs, including both uncastrated as well as vaccinated and wormed lambs, with an average age of six months and a mean body weight of 21.2 kg ± 2.7 kg, were employed. Initially, the lambs were fed on the diet which consisted of 40% Tifton-85 hay and 60% of a concentrated mixture, mainly composed of ground corn grain, soybean meal, mineral premix, being further followed by the inclusion of the licuri cake at four different levels (a) 0.0, (b) 8.0,(c) 16.0, and (d) 24% with respect to the dry matter. Principally, the soybean meal and milled corn were replaced by the licuri cake with these levels, thereby constituting four treatments and 11 replicates (11 lambs per treatment) in a completely randomized design. Further, for subjecting the lambs to the above mentioned four different levels of treatment, the lambs were confined for 70 days. The analysis of various economic parameters revealed that upon including the licuri cake up to the level of 24%, the operation cost decreases, which in turn results in higher profitability. However, its cost at the time of use will eventually determine its use for feeding lambs, because of the possible price variations of the ingredients used to formulate the diets along with the model of production of the rural property.

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Prediction of forage dry matter and soluble carbohydrate content from analysis of expressed juice

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600031974 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 234-234

Author(s):

D.I.H. Jones ◽

C.P. Freeman ◽

J.R. Newbold ◽

A.R. Fychan ◽

Elspeth Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Carbohydrate Content ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

Ultimate Objective ◽

Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

On Farm ◽

The Relationship

The dry matter (DM) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations of forage are the main characteristics influencing the course of silage fermentation. Knowledge of these parameters would enable decisions to be made both on the need for additive and the type of additive likely to be most effective. Moreover, the degree of wilt could also be followed in wilted crops. The present study was directed to assessing the relationship between the composition of the crop and the volume and composition of the expressed juice. The ultimate objective was the development of on-farm methodology for predicting the ensiling characteristics of crops.

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Yield Performance and Content of Selected Organic Compounds in Trifolium pratense Treated with Various Biostimulants against the Background of Nitrogen Fertilisation

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-522 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Godlewska ◽

G. A. Ciepiela

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Trifolium Pratense ◽

Red Clover ◽

Application Rate ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Biomass Yields ◽

Nitrogen Application Rate

The present work is an attempt to assess the effect of biostimulants of various origins and nitrogen regime on yield performance, chlorophyll content, protein content and soluble carbohydrate in red clover. A field experiment was arranged as a randomized subblock design (split-plot) in Poland in August 2013. The following factors were examined: type of biostimulant; nitrogen application rate: 0 (control) and 30 kg. ha-1. Biostimulants significantly increased red clover biomass yields. All the examined biostimulants contributed to an increase in the amount of organic components in red clover dry matter. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 30 kg. ha-1 significantly increased red clover yield, chlorophyll content in red clover leaves and protein compounds but it also significantly reduced soluble carbohydrates in the dry matter of test plants.

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The digestion of heather (Calluna vulgaris) by red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19720093 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 285-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Robert Moss ◽

J. A. Parkinson

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Amino Nitrogen ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Red Grouse ◽

Total N ◽

Weight Losses ◽

Food Digestibility

1. In the wild, red grouse live largely on heather, a high-fibre (25%), low-protein (7%) food. Digestibility trials were carried out under semi-natural conditions, with magnesium as a digestibility marker. Two trials were done, one in autumn and one in spring.2. Digestibility of the dry matter varied from 21 to 30% and metabolizable energy from 1.1 to 1.6 kcal/g. These variations were inversely related to intake and could partly be accounted for by facultative variations in holocellulose and lignin digestion.3. Digestion of soluble carbohydrates, protein (measured as α-amino-nitrogen) and holocellulose varied between trials according to the initial concentration in the food. The digestibility of soluble carbohydrate was high (78–83%) in autumn (16% in food) and low (61–66%) in spring (11% in food) and that of protein was relatively low (24–31%) in autumn (6% in food) and high (42–48%) in spring (7% in food). Digestibility of crude fat was 30–33% for four birds and 20% for one bird.4. By comparison with poultry, voluntary intake of dry matter was very high relative to body-weight and intake of energy appeared to be adequate. None the less, all birds lost weight during the trials, presumably for reasons other than energy shortage.5. Urate excretion increased in parallel with body-weight losses, but formed only 2% of the total N output at low weight losses, in which event the main nitrogenous compounds in the droppings were α-amino N (presumably largely from undigested protein), ammonium salts and ornithuric acid.6. The ornithuric acid was presumably a detoxication product of prolignins and possibly tannins and other polyphenols. Its excretion by grouse corresponds to the excretion of hippuric acid by ruminants.

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