60 Effect of a Novel Consensus Bacterial 6-phytase Variant on Mineral Digestibility and Bone Ash in Young Growing Pigs Fed Diets with Different Concentrations of Phytate

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
Deepak E Velayudhan ◽  
Yueming Dersjant-Li ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fecal Collection

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing levels of phytase increases mineral digestibility and bone ash by pigs fed diets containing 0.23%, 0.29%, or 0.35% phytate-P. Within each level of phytate, 5 diets were formulated based on corn, soybean meal, and canola meal to contain 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG). In addition, 3 reference diets were formulated by adding a commercial Buttiauxella phytase (PhyB) at 1,000 FTU/kg to the 3 diets containing no PhyG. A randomized complete block design with 144 pigs (12.70 ± 4.01 kg), 18 diets, and 8 replicate pigs per diet was used. Pigs adapted to diets for 15 d followed by 4 d of fecal collection. Femurs were collected on the last day. Data were analyzed as a 3 × 5 factorial with 3 levels of phytate-P and 5 levels of phytase, and contrast statements were used to compare 1,000 FTU of PhyG with PhyB. Pig was the experimental unit. Diets containing 0.35% phytate-P had reduced (P < 0.01) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca, P, Mg, and K compared with diets containing 0.23% or 0.29% phytate-P, but inclusion of phytase increased (P < 0.01) ATTD of Ca, Na, and K (Table 1). Phytase increased ATTD of P and Mg, but to a greater extent in diets with 0.23 or 0.29% phytate-P than in diets with 0.35% phytate-P (interaction, P < 0.05). Phytase increased bone ash, but to a greater extent if there was 0.35 rather than 0.23 or 0.29% phytate-P in the diets (interaction, P < 0.05). PhyG increased ATTD of P more (P < 0.05) than PhyB. In conclusion, the novel consensus phytase is effective in increasing bone ash and ATTD of Ca, P, Na, Mg and K.

Influence of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on mineral digestibility and bone ash in young growing pigs fed diets with different concentrations of phytate-bound phosphorus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
Maryane S F Oliveira ◽  
Deepak E Velayudhan ◽  
Yueming Dersjant-Li ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total P ◽  
Fecal Collection

Abstract A 20-d experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that phytase increases nutrient digestibility, bone ash, and growth performance of pigs fed diets containing 0.23%, 0.29%, or 0.35% phytate-bound P. Within each level of phytate, 5 diets were formulated to contain 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of a novel phytase (PhyG). Three reference diets were formulated by adding a commercial Buttiauxella phytase (PhyB) at 1,000 FTU/kg to diets containing 0.23, 0.29, or 0.35% phytate-bound P. A randomized complete block design with 144 individually-housed pigs (12.70 ± 4.01 kg), 18 diets, and 8 replicate pigs per diet was used. Pigs were adapted to diets for 15 d followed by 4 days of fecal collection. Femurs were collected on the last day of the experiment. Results indicated that diets containing 0.35% phytate-bound P had reduced (P < 0.01) digestibility of Ca, P, Mg, and K compared with diets containing less phytate-bound P. Due to increased concentration of total P in diets with high phytate, concentrations, apparent total tract digestible P and bone ash were increased by PhyG to a greater extent in diets with 0.29 or 0.35% phytate-bound P than in diets with 0.23% phytate-bound P (interaction, P < 0.05). At 1,000 FTU/kg, PhyG increased P digestibility and bone P more (P < 0.05) than PhyB. The novel phytase increased (P < 0.01) pig growth performance, and pigs fed diets containing 0.35 or 0.29% phytate-bound P performed better (P < 0.01) than pigs fed the 0.23% phytate-bound P diets. In conclusion, the novel phytase (i.e., PhyG) is effective in increasing bone ash, mineral digestibility, and growth performance of pigs regardless of dietary phytate level.

scholarly journals Digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations and amino acid digestibility of dried yeast and soybean meal for growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Ayodeji Simeon Aderibigbe ◽  
Darryl Ragland ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Energy values and amino acid (AA) digestibility of dried yeast (DY) and soybean meal (SBM) were determined in 2 experiments with growing pigs. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in DY and SBM. Thirty barrows with a mean initial body weight (BW) of 20.6 kg (SD = 1.04) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with period and BW as blocking factors. A reference diet was prepared with corn, canola meal, and soybean oil as energy-contributing ingredients. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 5 and 10% DY or SBM at the expense of energy-contributing ingredients in the reference diet. The ratio of corn, canola meal, and soybean oil was kept consistent across the experimental diets. Each experimental period consisted of 5-d adaptation and 5-d quantitative collection of feces and urine. Test ingredient-associated DE or ME intake (kcal/d) was regressed against test ingredient intake [kg dry matter (DM)/d] to estimate the DE or ME in test ingredients as the slope of linear regression model. The DE in DY was estimated at 3,933 kcal/kg DM, which was not different from the estimated DE in SBM at 4,020 kcal/kg DM. Similarly, there was no difference between DY and SBM in the estimated ME (3,431 and 3,756 kcal/kg DM, respectively). Experiment 2 was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in DY and SBM. Twenty-one barrows with a mean initial BW of 20.0 kg (SD = 1.31) were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and assigned to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. Two semi-purified diets containing DY or SBM as the sole nitrogen source and one nitrogen-free diet (NFD) were prepared. The NFD was used to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Pigs were fed the 3 diets for 5 d as adaptation, followed by 2 d of feeding with ileal digesta collection. The SID of AA, except Gly and Pro, in DY were less (P < 0.05) than in SBM. The SID of indispensable AA in DY ranged from 64.1% for Thr to 85.2% for Arg, and those in SBM ranged from 83.9% for Thr to 91.8% for Arg. In conclusion, energy values of DY are not different from those of SBM, whereas AA in DY are less digestible than in SBM. The estimated DE and ME as well as the SID of AA in DY and SBM can be used in diet formulation for growing pigs using these ingredients.

scholarly journals 170 Energy values and digestibility of amino acids in dried yeast and soybean meal fed to pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Ayodeji S Aderibigbe ◽  
Gary Hayen ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Blocking Factors

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in dried yeast (DY) and soybean meal (SBM) fed to pigs. In Exp. 1, 30 barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 20.7 ± 1.01 were assigned to 5 diets in a randomized complete block design with period and BW as blocking factors. A basal diet was prepared to contain corn, canola meal, and soybean oil as energy-contributing ingredients. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 5 or 10 g/kg DY or SBM at the expense of energy-contributing ingredients in the basal diet to estimate the DE and ME in test ingredients by regression analysis. On a dry matter basis, estimated DE and ME in DY were 4,022 and 3,352 kcal/kg, respectively, and those in SBM were 3,876 and 3,601kcal/kg, respectively. There was no difference in estimated DE or ME between DY and SBM. In Exp. 2, 21 barrows (initial BW = 20.0 ± 1.31 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were assigned to 3 diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. Two diets were prepared to contain DY or SBM as the sole source of nitrogen, and a nitrogen-free diet was prepared to determine the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. The SID of AA, except for Gly and Pro, in SBM were greater (P < 0.05) than in DY. The SID of indispensable AA in DY ranged from 64.7% for Thr to 86.1% for Arg, whereas those in SBM ranged from 84.8% for Thr to 92.3% for Arg. In conclusion, energy values in DY was comparable with SBM, but the SID of most AA in DY were less than in SBM.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Symbiotic and Acidifier on Growth Performance and Nutrients Digestibility in Growing Pigs Crossbreed

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Danung Nur Adli ◽  
Osfar Sjofjan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary probiotic enhanced liquid acidifier combined with mannan-rich fraction on growth performance, nutrients digestibility in growing pigs. Thirty [(Duroc×Yorkshire)×Landrace] pigs with the average initial BW of 36.75±1.57 kg were allocated into three treatments by a randomized complete block design. There were five pens per treatment with six pigs per pen. Dietary treatments include: 1) CON (basal diet); 2) T1 (basal diet+probiotic 0.1%) and 3) T2 (basal diet+probiotic+mannan rich fraction 0.2%). the data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using of SAS University Version 4.0. The model included the effects of block (replication) and treatment. Pen served as the experimental unit. During the entire experimental period of 6 weeks, results showed that addition of complex probiotic at the level of 0.2% to diet increased ADG significantly (p<0.05). Also, digestibility of DM and N tended to increase. To sum up, results in this experiment indicated that dietary [(probiotik×acidifier)×mannan-rich-fraction]  supplementation had a positive effect on growing pigs performance and nutrient digestibility

scholarly journals PSVI-17 Evaluation of a nutritional water supplement on growth performance of nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 208-208
Author(s):  
Afton Sawyer ◽  
Scott Carter ◽  
Carson Cooper ◽  
Pornpim Aparachita ◽  
Megan R Bible ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Water Meters ◽  
Water Treatments

Abstract One-hundred forty weanling pigs (5.26 kg; 20 d of age) were used to determine the effects of a nutritional water supplement (WB; Water Boost, Furst-McNess, Freeport, IL) on growth performance of nursery pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted to two water treatments (7 pens/treatment; 10 pigs/pen). The water treatments were 0 and 62.5 mL WB/L of water (stock solution) supplied by water medicators (1:100 dilution). Pigs were fed simple, corn soybean meal diets (no plasma or crystalline lactose utilized) in four dietary phases (Phase 1: d 0-7, Phase 2: d 7-14, Phase 3: d 14-21, and Phase 4: d 21-42). The water treatments were provided on d 0 through d 3. Pigs and feeders were weighed weekly to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Water meters were used to record and calculate water disappearance. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pen serving as the experimental unit. Water disappearance (L/pig/d) was not affected from d 0-21, but it increased (P < 0.01) for pigs provided WB for d 21-42 (1.71 vs 2.12) and d 0-42 (1.11 vs 1.35). Growth performance was not affected by WB during d 0-21. However, from d 21-42, WB tended to increase (P < 0.10) ADG (483 vs 528 g/d) and ADFI (706 vs 767 g/d), but it had no effect on G:F. For the overall period, pigs provided WB from d 0-3 tended to have improved G:F (0.671 vs 0.684) and numerical increases in ADG (P = 0.14) and ADFI (P = 0.17) were observed. Final ending body weight tended to be increased (P < 0.10) for pigs provided WB (18.6 vs 19.9 kg). These results suggest providing WB for the first three days in the nursery to pigs fed corn soybean meal-based diets increased water disappearance and tended to improve growth performance of nursery pigs.

Energy concentration and phosphorus digestibility in canola, cottonseed, and sunflower products fed to growing pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Rodríguez ◽  
R. C. Sulabo ◽  
J. C. González-Vega ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Rodríguez, D. A., Sulabo, R. C., González-Vega, J. C. and Stein, H. H. 2013. Energy concentration and phosphorus digestibility in canola, cottonseed, and sunflower products fed to growing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 493–503. Many protein sources are available to the swine feed industry, but accurate data for the energy concentration and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in these ingredients are lacking. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to determine the concentration of digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and the STTD of P in oilseed products. In exp. 1, 48 barrows (44.8±3.9 kg) were fed a basal diet containing 97.15% corn or seven diets containing corn and canola seed (CS), canola meal (CM), cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower seed (SFS), sunflower meal (SFM), de-hulled sunflower meal (SFM-DH), or soybean meal (SBM). Six pigs were allotted to each treatment. Sunflower seeds contained 5492 kcal kg−1, at least 689 kcal kg−1 more (P<0.05) ME than all other feed ingredients. Likewise, CS (4803 kcal kg−1) had greater (P<0.05) ME than SBM (3676 kcal kg−1), and both CS and SBM had greater (P<0.05) ME than CM, SFM, SFM-DH, and CSM (2998, 2725, 2631, and 2459 kcal kg−1, respectively). In exp. 2, 84 barrows (13.7±1.5 kg) were allotted to 14 diets, which contained each of the oilseed products without or with phytase, in a randomized complete block design with six pigs per dietary treatment. The STTD of P in SBM was at least 4 percentage units greater (P<0.05) than the STTD of P in the other ingredients. Adding phytase to the diets reduced fecal output of P from all ingredients and increased (P<0.05) the STTD of P for all ingredients except SFM-DH. The ME concentration in SFS and CS is greater than that of SBM and the STTD of P among these ingredients is comparable, which indicates that SFS and CS may be fed to growing pigs at the expense of SBM.

scholarly journals Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids on apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids, acid hydrolyzed ether extract, and starch by young growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 708-714
Author(s):  
Carly M Rundle ◽  
Valeria Artuso-Ponte ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a preparation of isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) obtained from Macleaya cordata and added to corn-soybean meal diets increases the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA), crude protein (CP), starch, and acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) when fed to young growing pigs. Thirty-two ileal cannulated barrows (initial body weight = 12.19 ± 1.38 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with four diets and eight replicate pigs per diet. Diets were supplemented with 0, 90, 180, or 360 mg/kg IQ and with 0.40% chromic oxide. Diets were fed for 27 d and ileal digesta were collected on days 13 and 14 (period 1) and on days 26 and 27 (period 2). Effects of IQ inclusions were analyzed using contrast statements, and differences between periods were analyzed using a repeated measures statement. A quadratic increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the AID of Thr, Trp, Val, Pro, and Tyr was observed in period 1 as IQ was included in the diets, and AID of CP, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Val, Pro, and Tyr was greater in period 2 than in period 1 (P &lt; 0.05). In period 1, a quadratic increase (P &lt; 0.05) was observed for the AID of starch as IQ increased in the diet, but the AID of starch was less (P &lt; 0.05) in period 2 than in period 1. No differences among treatments or periods were observed for AID of AEE. Results indicate that inclusion of approximately 90 mg/kg of IQ in diets for weanling pigs may increase the AID of starch and some AA.

scholarly journals Energy values of solvent-extracted canola meal and expeller-derived canola meal for broiler chickens and growing pigs determined using the regression method1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3415-3425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Blocking Factor ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Complex Block

Abstract The energy values of solvent-extracted canola meal (SECM) and expeller-derived canola meal (EDCM) for broiler chickens and growing pigs were determined in 2 experiments using the regression method. Corn–soybean meal reference diet (RF) and 4 test diets were prepared. The test diets consisted of SECM or EDCM that partly replaced the energy sources in the RF at 100 or 200 g/kg, respectively. The ratios of all energy ingredients were kept similar across all experimental diets. In Exp. 1, a total of 300 birds were fed standard broiler starter diet from days 0 to 19 posthatching. On day 19, 240 birds (776 ± 79.3 g initial BW) were assigned into 5 experimental diets in a randomized complex block design with BW as a blocking factor. Excreta were collected from days 23 to 25 and ileal digesta were collected after birds were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation on day 26. In Exp. 2, 40 barrows (28.4 ± 1.6 kg initial BW) were allotted to 5 experimental diets according to the randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. After 5-d adaption period, the feces and urine samples were collected for 5 d by total collection method. The ileal digestible energy (IDE), apparent ME (AME), and nitrogen-corrected apparent ME (AMEn) in Exp. 1 and the DE, AME, and AMEn in Exp. 2 for experimental diets and canola meals were determined. In Exp. 1, the inclusion of canola meals to RF linearly decreased the IDE, AME, and AMEn for birds fed SECM diets (P < 0.01) and the AME and AMEn for birds fed EDCM diets (P < 0.01). Furthermore, quadratic effects were also found in the IDE, AME, and AMEn by the inclusion of EDCM to RF (P < 0.05). The IDE were 2,194 and 3,514 kcal/kg DM for SECM and EDCM in broiler chickens, respectively. The respective ME and MEn values were 1,919 and 1,695 kcal/kg DM for SECM and 3,134 and 2,937 kcal/kg DM for EDCM. In Exp. 2, the SECM or EDCM addition to RF linearly decreased the AME and AMEn for pigs (P < 0.01). The DE content was also decreased linearly with the increasing level of SECM (P < 0.01). The DE, ME, and MEn of SECM for pigs were 3,109, 2,891, and 2,655 kcal/kg DM, respectively. The EDCM contained 3,850 kcal of DE, 3,581 kcal of ME, and 3,491 kcal of MEn/kg DM for pigs. In conclusion, the energy values of EDCM are greater than those of SECM for broiler chickens and pigs, and pigs utilize more of the GE in SECM and EDCM than broiler chickens.

63 Effect of a Novel Consensus Bacterial 6-phytase Variant on Mineral Digestibility and Bone Ash in Young Growing Pigs Fed Diets with Low and High Soluble Limestone

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Deepak E Velayudhan ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Yueming Dersjant-Li
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Positive Controls

Abstract The effect of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) on total tract digestibility (ATTD) of minerals and bone ash was evaluated in piglets fed diets with low and high soluble limestone (LSLM and HSLM, 69 and 92% solubility at 5 min). For each limestone, 8 diets were formulated: an inorganic phosphate-free negative control (NC) diet based on wheat, corn, soybean-meal, canola-meal and rice-barn [0.18% standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P and 0.58% Ca], NC supplemented with 250, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 FTU/kg of PhyG, or with monocalcium phosphate (MCP) to formulate 3 positive controls with 0.21, 0.27, 0.33% STTD P, and 0.64, 0.70 and 0.75% Ca, respectively. In total 128 pigs (12.8 ± 1.33 kg, n=8) were adapted for 14 d followed by 4 d of fecal collection. Femurs were collected on the last day. Data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and means separated by Tukey test. In addition, a 2 × 4 factorial analysis was performed to test the effect of limestone solubility at different MCP levels in control diets, a 2 × 5 factorial analysis was performed to determine the effect of limestone solubility at different phytase levels. Phytase dose-response was analyzed by orthogonal polynomial. Across phytase diets, HSLM reduced (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD Ca and P compared with LSLM. A consistent negative effect on ATTD P was also observed with HSLM in control diets. Across limestones, increasing phytase increased (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD Ca and P in a linear or exponential manner. Limestone solubility had no impact (P = 0.69) on bone ash. PhyG linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) bone ash and 250 FTU/kg of PhyG maintained bone ash compared to PC. In conclusion, limestone solubility showed a negative impact on ATTD P and Ca, the novel consensus phytase improved ATTD P and Ca regardless of limestone.

scholarly journals 165 Digestibility of energy and dietary fiber by growing pigs and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in corn- or sorghum-based diets without or with microbial enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Maryane Oliveira ◽  
Charmaine Espinosa ◽  
Ferdinando Almeida ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Product Interaction

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of an enzyme premix (xylanase and cellulase) in diets based on corn or sorghum and fed to growing pigs improves the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and total dietary fiber (TDF) and concentration of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME). Two basal diets based on corn and soybean meal or sorghum and soybean meal were formulated. Four additional diets were formulated by adding 40% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) or 40% wheat middlings to each of the 2 basal diets. Each of these 6 diets were formulated either without or with an enzyme premix that contained xylanase and cellulase. A total of 144 pigs (61.7 ± 5.3 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 12 diets and 12 replicate pigs per diet. Pigs were housed individually and adapted to the diets for 12-d, then moved to metabolism crates and after 4 d, urine and feces were collected for 5 d. Data were analyzed as 2 × 2 × 3 factorial with 2 types of diets, two enzymes treatments, and three by-product inclusions. The pig was the experimental unit. The ATTD of gross energy (GE), and DE and ME improved (P &lt; 0.01) if enzymes were added to the diets regardless of the grain source or by-product inclusion (Table 1). No effect of enzymes on ATTD of TDF was observed, ATTD of TDF was greater if DDGS rather than wheat middlings was added to the corn diet (grain source × by-product interaction, P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, addition of enzymes may have the potential to improve the ATTD of GE, and DE and ME in mixed diets based on corn or sorghum and both without and with inclusion of DDGS or wheat middlings. 3Enz = enzyme premix supplied by ADM Animal Nutrition, Quincy, IL, USA.

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