196 Effect of Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation and Fermentation of Oilseed By-products on in vitro Digestibility and Production of Short Chain Fatty Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 79-79
Author(s):  
Jae-Cheol Jang ◽  
Aqsa Javaid ◽  
Pedro E Urriola ◽  
Gerald C Shurson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

Abstract An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous enzyme supplementation and solid-state fermentation (SSF) with a mixed bacterial culture on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production of soybean meal (SBM) or rapeseed meal (RSM). A 2 × 2 factorial design was used and included the factors of 1) exogenous enzyme cocktail (supplemented and non-supplemented), 2) microbial fermentation (fermented and non-fermented) applied to SBM or RSM in vitro. The exogenous enzyme cocktail consisted of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) degrading enzymes (NSP-EZ) with phytase (10,000 FTU/kg), and the SSF were carried out using Bacillus subtilis. The fermented feed ingredients were collected after 48 h incubation at 37oC. Samples were hydrolyzed in two steps using pepsin and pancreatin to calculate IVDMD. Subsequently, the hydrolyzed residues were filtered, dried, and pooled for incubation in a buffered mineral solution with fresh swine feces. Gas production kinetics during fermentation was measured for 72 h and analyzed by fitting data to an exponential model. The fermentation residues were filtered, and the supernatant was analyzed for concentration of SCFA. The IVDMD from simulated gastric and small intestinal hydrolysis was greater (P < 0.01) for SSF in both SBM and RSM. During fermentation, the hydrolysis residue from SBM treated with SSF required less time to reach half asymptote, had greater maximal gas production, and greater fractional degradation (P < 0.01, respectively) compared with non-fermented SBM. The IVDMD from simulated total tract digestion was greater (P < 0.01) for SSF in RSM compared with SBM, while SBM had greater IVDMD for both SSF and NSP-EZ (P < 0.01). Production of butyric acid was greater for SSF (P < 0.01) compared with non-SSF in both SBM and RSM. These results suggest that SSF can improve IVDMD and produce greater amounts of butyric acid compared with NSP-EZ supplementation in SBM and RSM.

Changes with time in the short chain fatty acid profile during in vitro incubations of feeds with rumen fluid and their effect on the prediction of ATP production

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
D.I. Givens ◽  
B.R Cottrill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Atp Supply

The in vitro gas production technique is a means of measuring the dynamics of fermentation. It is related to short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and so could be used to estimate ATP supply for rumen microorganisms. However, different fermentation patterns produce different amounts of gas. No fermentation gas is associated with the production of propionate, and so an increase in the proportion of propionic: (acetic+butyric) (P:AB) would be associated with a decrease in the volume of gas produced. If the molar proportions of SCFA changed during a fermentation, then this would complicate the interpretation of the gas production profile (GPP). If the GPP, combined with a measure of SCFA concentrations at the end of the incubation, was used to estimate ATP yield during the incubation, then changes in P:AB during the incubation may affect these estimates. The objectives of this experiment were therefore to determine whether P:AB did change during an in vitro incubation, and whether any such change affected the accuracy of the prediction of ATP yield with time.

Carbohydrates blended with polydextrose lower gas production and short-chain fatty acid production in an in vitro system

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany M. Vester Boler ◽  
David C. Hernot ◽  
Thomas W. Boileau ◽  
Laura L. Bauer ◽  
Ingmar S. Middelbos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
In Vitro System

scholarly journals Assessing the nutritive value of waterweeds to livestock production via in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
D. A. Ekunseitan ◽  
A. O. Yusuf ◽  
O. E. Odesanmi ◽  
M. A. Ogun ◽  
T. O. Bawala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The predominant increase in the price of feedstuffs and the consistent shift in climate have increased the cost of producing animal protein and an attendant increase in the search of available and valuable plant options in combating this problem. The study aimed to evaluate the nutritive value of ten identified water weeds (Polygonum lanigerum, Nymphaea lotus, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Ascroceras zizanioides, Ipomea aquatica, Panicum sulbabidum, Sacciolepis africana, Leersia hexandra, Heteranthera callifolia and Dicksonia antartica) via in vitro digestibility studies. The gas production was measured by incubating samples in buffered ruminal fluid from goats for 96hr. Cumulative gas production was recorded at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 66, 72, 84 and 96 hour of incubation periods and the organic matter digestibility (OMD), short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME) were also estimated. Results indicated that the total gas production varied significantly (P<0.05) at 24 and 48 hours incubation. Gas production ranged between 4.67 ml and 14.00 ml with least and highest obtained in Sacciolepis Africana and Ipomea aquatic, respectively. The Metabolizable energy (MJ/KgDM) recorded in all weeds differed (P<0.05) in all hours of incubation. Paspalum scrobiculatum and Dicksonia antartica recorded the least value at 24 and 48 hours incubation while Nymphaea lotus and Dicksonia antartica had the least value at 72 and 96 hours incubation. Heteranthera callifolia had the highest organic matter digestibility (%) while the least short chain fatty acid (μmol) was observed in Dicksonia antartica at 24, 48 and 96 hours incubation. Based on the results of this study, these plants had the potentials of being fed to livestock especially during the dry season when forage feeds are generally scarce.

Tropical browses: contents of phenolic compounds, in vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acid and in vitro gas production

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. GETACHEW ◽  
H. P. S. MAKKAR ◽  
K. BECKER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Browse Species

The contents of phenolic compounds, protein precipitation capacity (PPC) and in vitro gas production of tropical browse species were evaluated. The stoichiometric relationship between in vitro gas measured on incubation of tannin-containing browses in buffered rumen fluid and calculated from short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was investigated. Crude protein (CP) contents in the browses ranged from 54 to 300 g/kg dry matter (DM). Total phenol (TP), tannins (T) and condensed tannins (TP and T as tannic acid equivalent; CT, as leucocyanidin equivalent) ranged from 17–250, 7–214, and 0–260 g/kg DM respectively, and PPC from 0 to 1066 μg BSA precipitated/g DM. CP content of browses was negatively correlated with TP, T, CT and PPC. A significant correlation was observed between per cent change in gas production on addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the contents of phenolics (r = 0.76 for both TP and T). Addition of PEG to tannin-containing browses increased in vitro gas production. PPC was significantly correlated with TP (r = 0.87; P<0.001), T (r = 0.83; P<0.001), and CT (r = 0.41; P<0.05). A good relationship (R2 = 0.94; P<0.001) was observed between measured in vitro gas production and that calculated from SCFA. The molar proportions of SCFA were not affected by the inclusion of PEG (P>0.05). The relationship between in vitro gas measured on incubation of browse leaves and that calculated from SCFA allows prediction of SCFA from gas production.

Effects of tributyrin supplementation on short-chain fatty acid concentration, fibrolytic enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility and methanogenesis in adult Small Tail ewes

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Q. C. Ren ◽  
J. J. Xuan ◽  
Z. Z. Hu ◽  
L. K. Wang ◽  
Q. W. Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain

AbstractIn vivo and in vitro trials were conducted to assess the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on short-chain fatty acid (SFCA) concentrations, fibrolytic enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility and methanogenesis in adult sheep. Nine 12-month-old ruminally cannulated Small Tail ewes (initial body weight 55 ± 5.0 kg) without pregnancy were used for the in vitro trial. In vitro substrate made to offer TB at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg on a dry matter (DM) basis was incubated by ruminal microbes for 72 h at 39°C. Forty-five adult Small Tail ewes used for the in vivo trial were randomly assigned to five treatments with nine animals each for an 18-d period according to body weight (55 ± 5.0 kg). Total mixed ration fed to ewes was also used to offer TB at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg on a DM basis. The in vitro trial showed that TB supplementation linearly increased apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre, and enhanced gas production and methane emissions. The in vivo trial showed that TB supplementation decreased DM intake, but enhanced ruminal fermentation efficiency. Both in vitro and in vivo trials showed that TB supplementation enhanced total SFCA concentrations and carboxymethyl cellulase activity. The results indicate that TB supplementation might exert advantage effects on rumen microbial metabolism, despite having an enhancing effect on methanogenesis.

Short-chain fatty acid transport and its effects on ion transport by rabbit cecum

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. G171-G178
Author(s):  
M. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Bathing Solution ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Unexpected Finding

Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism and transport were examined in vitro across isolated rabbit cecal epithelia whose primary function is absorption of these solutes. This study shows that although there was some low-level metabolism of SCFAs to ketone bodies by the isolated cecum, a significantly higher oxygen consumption was sustained for a longer time period by tissues incubated in glucose-containing salines. The cecum supported a significant net secretory flux of acetate (J net Ac- = -1.13 +/- 0.13 mu eq X cm-2 X h-1) and propionate (J net Pr- = -0.61 +/- 0.14 mu eq X cm-2 X h-1). This study also shows that glucose significantly enhanced short-circuit current (Isc), tissue conductance (Gt), and sodium transport across this tissue. Neither Ac- nor Pr- enhanced net sodium flux (J net Ac-) but Pr- significantly reduced net chloride flux (J net Cl-), whereas Ac- had no effect. The increase in Isc and Gt observed in the presence of SCFAs was attributable to the presence of SCFA in the serosal bathing solution alone. To explain the latter finding and the unexpected finding of SCFA secretion, the existence of an electrogenic anion (HCO3-) secretory pathway is postulated. It is suggested that this system can accommodate SCFAs in vitro and that it is a Na+-dependent system located on the basolateral membrane of the cecal cell.

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