PSXI-19 Impact of toxic-infected tall fescue renovation strategies on second-year hay yield, botanical composition, and nutritive value

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 344-345
Author(s):  
Charlotte L Talbott ◽  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
Alan J Franluebbers ◽  
Carolyn A Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Renovating toxic-infected tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) (TF) pastures to novel endophyte tall fescue (NE) is a solution to mitigate the negative associated effects of toxic fescue in beef cattle. However, beef cattle producers are uncertain of the payback period for costs associated with renovation techniques in terms of farm profitability and agronomic performance. In 2018, three renovation strategies were implemented in a randomized complete block design in Bahama, NC. Strategies included: 1) control (C), 2) renovation to NE after one season of a single specie cover crop (1-SM), 3) renovation to NE after three seasons of a single specie cover crop (3-SM), and 4) renovation to NE after three seasons of a multi-specie cover crop (3-CM). Each treatment plot (0.81 ha) was evaluated for botanical composition and hay was harvested in May and August of 2020. Round bales from each treatment were weighed to determine yield and core sampled to determine nutritive value. Data were analyzed using proc GLIMMIX of SAS v9.4. Combined forage yield was greater (P = 0.0226) for 3-CM (8,816 kg/ha) compared to 3-SM (7,191 kg/ha) and C (6,920 kg/ha), but did not differ from 1-SM (7,775 kg/ha). Crude protein concentration was greater (P = 0.035) for C (10.2%) in comparison to 3-SM (9.35%) in harvest 1, but was not different (P = 0.93) in harvest 2. Percentage of fescue in the sward was greatest (P = 0.0002) for 3-SM and least for C (84.9 and 62%, respectively). Similarly, presence of undesirable plants was greater (P < 0.0001) for C (37.5%) than 1-SM, 3-CM and 3-SM (23.7, 15.2 and 12.7%, respectively). Percentage of bare ground did not differ among treatments (P = 0.31). Data suggest agronomic performance for 3-CM and 3-SM was improved compared to C in years following pasture renovation.

PSI-4 Animal and agronomic performance while grazing winter stockpiled novel endophyte tall fescue established with three pasture renovation strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 276-276
Author(s):  
Charlotte L Talbott ◽  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
Alan J Franluebbers ◽  
Carolyn A Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Grazing Period

Abstract Comparing animal and agronomic performance following renovation of toxic-infected tall fescue (TF) to novel endophyte tall fescue (NE) is fundamental to evaluating economic returns and increasing adoption of NE. In 2018, three NE renovation strategies were implemented in a randomized complete block design in Bahama, NC. Strategies included: 1) control (C), 2) renovation to NE after one season of a single specie cover crop (1-SM), 3) renovation to NE after three seasons of a single specie cover crop (3-SM), and 4) renovation to NE after three seasons of a multi-specie cover crop (3-CM). Sixty-four Angus heifers (initial BW 290 kg ± 88) were randomly assigned to treatments and strip-grazed stockpiled fescue for 56-d, two years after NE establishment. Forage yield and nutritive value was measured every 14-d. Data were analyzed using proc GLIMMIX of SAS v9.4. Average daily gain was greatest (P = 0.0024) for cattle grazing 1-SM (0.67 kg/d), and least for 3-CM (0.54 kg/d) and C (0.44 kg/d), which did not differ. 3-SM (0.57 kg/d) did not differ from other treatments. Within the grazing period, forage yield was greatest (P = 0.0001) in 3-CM, 3-SM, and C compared to 1-SM (3053, 2941, 2856 and 2465 kg/ha, respectively). Prior to the initiation of grazing, crude protein concentration was greater (P = 0.0089) for 3-CM (17.5%) compared to C, 1-SM, and 3-SM (15.8%, 15.8% and 15.3%, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber was greater (P = 0.0135) for 3-SM (57%) than C (55.1%) and 3-CM (54.5%), but did not differ from 1-SM (54.6%). Concentration of total digestible nutrients was greater (P = 0.0187) for 3-CM (73.2%) compared to 1-SM (72.1%) and 3-SM (71.9%), but did not differ from C (72.5%). Data suggest animal and agronomic performance for NE was improved compared to TF during winter stockpile grazing in years following renovation.

scholarly journals Weed Management Methods Influence Growth of `Navaho' Blackberries

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 844E-844
Author(s):  
Julia Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Over Time

In Sept.1993, `Navaho' blackberries were planted in raised beds in a converted bermudagrass hay meadow. Tall fescue was planted between the beds. There are three plants per plot and nine replications with 1.3 m between plants, 3 m between plots, and 5 m between rows. Each row is one replication. The plots are 3 m wide and 3.9 m long. Weed management treatments were applied in a randomized complete-block design, and included: alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cover crop, rye (Secale cereale) cover crop, herbicide (simazine and oryzalin) and hoeing, mowing volunteer vegetation, and hardwood sawdust mulch 8 to 10 cm deep. In Spring 1994 and 1995, data were taken on weed populations in each of the plots. In early 1995, the blackberry plants were measured. Data taken included cane number, cane length, and cane diameter. Early results indicate that the best blackberry plant growth occurred when rows were maintained with no mulch or vegetation by application of herbicides and hoeing. However, these plots sustained significant soil erosion, which may result in decreased plant productivity over time.

Evaluating Soybean Cultivars for Forage Yield and Nutritive Values

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Serena Thompson ◽  
Jenny Koebernick ◽  
Russell C Carrell ◽  
Madison Cole ◽  
S Leanne L Dillard
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Forage Yields

Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata) are frequently utilized by equine producers in the Southeast. However, challenges related to their production have producers searching for alternative legume options. In 2019 and 2020, five soybean cultivars, “Tower of Leaves,” “Stonewall,” “Laredo,” “AG79X9,” and “AG64X8,” were evaluated for yield and nutritive value. Soybeans were grown at two row spacings (36 and 71 cm), two locations (Central and South Alabama), and harvested at three heights (10, 15, and 20 cm; HH). Forages were harvested using a plot harvester, dried at 55°C, and ground to 1 mm. Forage quality was determined using a NIRS, with verification by wet chemistry analyses. The study was a randomized, complete block design (n = 4) and statistical analysis was carried out using PROC Glimmix of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Inst., - Cary, NC). Forage yields were greatest in “Stonewall” and “Tower of Leaves,” and lowest in “Laredo” (2,074, 1,978, and 1,348 kg/ha, respectively). Across years, HH and forage cultivar had a significant effect on yield (P < 0.0001). As expected, yield increased as HH decreased (P < 0.0001). In 2019, crude protein (CP) was affected by HH (P < 0.0001), with 10 cm having lower CP than 15 and 20 cm (14 vs 16%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were affected (P < 0.01) by HH and variety. “Stonewall” had the lowest NDF (30.84%) and ADF (29.27%; P < 0.01). “Stonewall” and “AG79X9” had the greatest TDN (74 and 73%, respectively; P < 0.01). The cultivar “Stonewall” shows promise as a forage, with greater yields and moderate forage nutritive value compared with the other cultivars tested. Further research is needed to evaluate “Stonewall” in mixtures with other warm-season annual forages.

Productivity of rotationally grazed simple and diverse pasture mixtures under irrigation in Canterbury

2013 ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nobilly ◽  
R.H. Bryant ◽  
B.A. Mckenzie ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Second Year

Herbage dry matter (DM) production, botanical composition and nutritive value were compared over 2 years under irrigation and dairy cow grazing for simple two-species grass (perennial ryegrass or tall fescue)- white clover pastures and diverse pastures where herbs (chicory and plantain), legumes (red clover and lucerne) and prairie grass were added to the simple mixtures. Averaged over 2 years, annual herbage DM production was 1.62 t DM/ha greater in diverse (16.77 t DM/ ha) than simple (15.15 t DM/ha) pastures, primarily reflecting greater DM production in summer. Diverse pastures had lower metabolisable energy (ME) (12.0 vs 12.2 MJ ME/kg DM) and neutral detergent fibre (301 vs 368 g/kg DM) content than simple pastures, although the total ME produced per year was greater in diverse than simple pastures (202 vs 185 GJ ME/ha). Ryegrassbased pastures had higher annual DM production than tall fescue-based pastures in the first but not second year. The results indicate that including additional legumes and herbs with simple grass-white clover pastures may increase total DM and ME production of dairy pastures under irrigation. Keywords: Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea, herbs, legumes, pasture mixtures, diversity, nutritive value

scholarly journals 111 Metsulfuron and variable nitrogen application rates on infected tall fescue: effects on stocker performance, forage yield, nutritive value, ergovaline concentration and botanical composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Kevin R Meng ◽  
Eric Bailey ◽  
Josh Zeltwanger ◽  
Hannah Allen ◽  
Mikaela Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Application Rates

Abstract Chemical seed-head suppression of endophyte infected tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) improves stocker cattle performance but may decrease forage yield. Spring nitrogen application increases tall fescue growth with a concomitant increase in ergot alkaloids, produced by the symbiotic endophyte Epichloë coenophiala. We hypothesized that greater amounts of nitrogen applied to tall fescue would increase forage yield and offset losses in forage production from chemical suppression of seed-heads with metsulfuron without effect on alkaloid concentration. Ninety-six steers (270 ± 20 kg) were randomly assigned to one of sixteen paddocks (1.8 ha) on April 18 and continuously grazed for 57 d. Paddocks were blocked by previous use (n = 4) and randomly assigned to one of four treatments; no metsulfuron, no nitrogen (NEGCON), metsulfuron with 0 (MET0), 67 (MET67), or 134 (MET134) kg/ha of ammonium nitrate, applied March 11. Steers grazing MET0 paddocks were removed 17 d early due to insufficient forage availability. Steer weight, forage yield, forage nutritive value and ergot alkaloids in forage samples were measured monthly. Seed-head frequency and species composition were determined in June. Metsulfuron application reduced (P < 0.01) tall fescue seed-heads by 80%. Metsulfuron decreased (P = 0.03) ergovaline but ergovaline increased (P < 0.01) at each monthly sampling across treatments. Nitrogen had no impact on ergovaline concentration (P = 0.50). Forage yield tended to be least (P = 0.07) for MET0, intermediate for NEGCON and MET67, and tended to be greatest for MET134 (P = 0.08). Steer ADG was not affected by treatment (P < 0.80). Metsulfuron decreased NDF (P=0.02) regardless of fertilization rate. Forage CP increased with fertilization (P < 0.01) and no differences were detected between NEGCON and MET0 (P = 0.45). Species composition was not impacted (P >0.07) by treatment. Metsulfuron decreased seed-head growth and ergovaline concentration in tall fescue. Additional nitrogen fertilizer ameliorated forage yield lost to metsulfuron application but did not impact steer gain.

scholarly journals Alternative forage feeds for beef cattle in Northwestern Alberta, Canada: forage yield and nutritive value of forage brassicas and forbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Akim Omokanye ◽  
Guillermo Hernandez ◽  
Herbert A. Lardner ◽  
Buthaina Al-Maqtari ◽  
Kabal Singh Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield

scholarly journals Hill drop sowing of soybean with different number of plants per hole

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmael Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Victor José Agassi ◽  
Alessandro Sartor Chicowski ◽  
Julio Cezar Franchini ◽  
Henrique Debiasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons

ABSTRACT: In the last few cropping seasons, some soybean producers have tested the application of a hill drop sowing method, usually from three to four seeds every 30 to 40cm. However, there is a lack of information in the literature about the effect of this practice on soybean performance. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a hill drop sowing with different number of plants per hole on soybean performance. The study was conducted in Londrina - PR, Brazil, during the 2013/14, 2014/15 and 2016/17 cropping seasons. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications and a 2x5 factorial scheme. The first factor consisted of two soybean cultivars, BRS 359RR and NK 7059RR analyzed in the first two cropping seasons and BRS 359RR and BRS 1010IPRO in the last cropping season. The second factor was constituted by five in-hill hole-spacing treatments (HS) (8, 16, 24, 32 and 40cm), with rows spaced 50cm apart. To maintain the same plant density in all treatments (270,000 plants ha-1), sowing was performed manually, being then thinned out. After thinning, the distribution was one plant per hole at HS8, 2 plants at HS16, 3 plants at HS24, 4 plants at HS32, and 5 plants at HS40. The agronomic performance of soybean in hill drop sowing with different number of plants per hole is similar to that of an equidistant distribution of plants.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Pearl Millet and Sorghum–Sudangrass Pastures during the Frost-Prone Autumn for Growing Beef Cattle in Semiarid Region

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Lauriault ◽  
Leah H. Schmitz ◽  
Shad H. Cox ◽  
Eric J. Scholljegerdes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Sorghum–sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) provide adequate nutritive value for growing beef cattle; however, unlike pearl millet, sorghum–sudangrass produces hydrocyanic acid (which is toxic to livestock) when frosted. Forage yield, nutritive value, and weight gain of growing cattle grazing sorghum–sudangrass and pearl millet were compared during the frost-prone autumns of 2013 and 2014, at New Mexico State University’s Rex E. Kirksey Agricultural Science Center in Tucumcari, NM USA, in randomized complete block designs each year with two replicates. No differences existed between pearl millet and sorghum–sudangrass forage yield, although there was a year–forage interaction for fiber-based nutritive value components because of maturity differences across years between the forages when freeze-killed. Pearl millet allowed for extending grazing of available forage for an additional 14 and 24 d in 2013 and 2014, respectively, compared to sorghum–sudangrass during the frost-prone autumn periods. During that period, when sorghum forages produce potentially toxic levels of hydrocyanic acid, animals grazing pearl millet accumulated an additional average of 94.9 kg live-weight gain ha−1 (p < 0.001). These factors afford producers an opportunity to increase returns on the similar investments of establishing and managing warm-season annual forage crops each year, and allow more time to stockpile cool-season perennial and annual forages for winter and early spring grazing, or to reduce hay feeding.

scholarly journals Productivity, quality of fruits and architecture of Jalapeño pepper at different planting densities

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Juliana Zucolotto ◽  
Lucas M Gomes ◽  
Cláudia SC Ribeiro ◽  
Nuno Rodrigo Madeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Increase In Productivity

ABSTRACT Mechanizing the harvest of Jalapeño pepper involves changes in the production system. Spacings between plants in rows (10 to 40 cm; 60 cm fixed between rows) were evaluated in relation to plant architecture, productivity and fruit quality of cultivar BRS Sarakura during three years, in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Productivity (41.9 to 78.8 t ha-1) and plant height (40.1 to 47.3 cm) responded linearly to density; on the other hand, productivity per plant responded negatively (0.48 to 1.04 kg plant-1). The stem first bifurcation height was little influenced. Fruit chemical analyses were carried out in the second year of the experiment; spacing significantly influenced pH (5.36 to 4.84), total titratable acidity (TTA) (0.48 to 0.36%) and total soluble solids (TSS)/TTA ratio (11.5 to 15.6); no influence on TSS (5.65%) was noticed, though. The increase of plant population provided an increase in productivity without affecting fruit quality; the highest height of the first bifurcation achieved may not be enough to enable mechanized harvesting of the cultivar BRS Sarakura.

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars under Hot and Arid Environment of Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Raúl Leonel Grijalva-Contreras ◽  
Rubén Macías-Duarte ◽  
Arturo López-Carvajal ◽  
Fabián Robles-Contreras ◽  
Manuel De Jesús Valenzuela-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Second Year

Currently in Mexico there are few studies on agronomic management in olive production. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate eleven olive cultivars for table and oil production (Arbequina, Koroneiki, Arbosana, Kalamata, Barnea, Pendolino, Empeltre, Manzanilla of Sevilla, Carboncella, Frantoio and Cassaliva) under hot and arid environment of Mexico. The experiment was carried out during two consecutive years in 2015 and 2016 at National Research Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock (INIFAP) in the Experimental Station of Caborca, Sonora, Mexico. The plantation was done on March, 2012 using a density of 100 trees ha-1 (10 x 10 m) under drip irrigation system. The parameters evaluated were vegetative parameters, yield, fruit quality and oil content. The experiment was analyzed using a randomized complete block design and five replications. The results showed statistical differences for all parameters evaluated. Arbequina obtained the highest olive yield with 34.5 and 70.3 kg per tree for the first and second year production, respectively and Barnea recorded the highest oil content with 19.2%. Finally, Manzanilla of Sevilla and Barnea varieties represent a good option as double-purpose varieties.   

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