scholarly journals Responses to an intra-articular lipopolysaccharide challenge following dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in young horses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Martinez ◽  
J L Leatherwood ◽  
C E Arnold ◽  
K G Glass ◽  
K W Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Fermentation Product ◽  
Carpal Joint ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product

Abstract Dietary intervention may be a valuable strategy to optimize the intra-articular environment in young horses to prolong their performance career. To test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product would reduce markers of joint inflammation and increase markers of cartilage metabolism following a single inflammatory insult, Quarter Horse yearlings (mean ± SD; 9 ± 1.0 mo) were balanced by age, sex, body weight (BW), and farm of origin and randomly assigned to: 1.25% BW/d (dry matter basis) custom-formulated concentrate only (CON; n = 9) or concentrate top dressed with 21 g/d Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; n = 10) for 98 d. Horses had ad libitum access to Coastal bermudagrass hay. On d 84, one randomly selected radial carpal joint from each horse was injected with 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide solution (LPS). The remaining carpal joint was injected with sterile lactated Ringer’s solution as a contralateral control. Synovial fluid obtained before supplementation (d 0) and on d 84 at pre-injection h 0, and 6, 12, 24, 168, and 336 h post-injection was analyzed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), carboxypeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C) by commercial assays. Rectal temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, carpal surface temperature, and carpal circumference (CC) were recorded prior to each sample collection and for 24 h post-injection. Data were analyzed using linear models with repeated measures. From d 0 to 84, synovial C2C declined (P ≤ 0.01) and the CPII:C2C ratio increased (P ≤ 0.01) in all horses with no effect of diet. In response to intra-articular LPS, synovial PGE2 increased by h 6 (P ≤ 0.01) and returned to baseline by h 336, CPII increased by h 12, remained elevated through h 168 (P ≤ 0.01), and returned to baseline by h 336, and C2C increased by h 6 (P ≤ 0.01) but did not return to baseline through h 336 (P ≤ 0.01). Post-intra-articular injection, PGE2 levels were lower in SCFP than CON horses (P = 0.01) regardless of injection type. Synovial CPII and the CPII:C2C ratio demonstrated stability during the LPS challenge in SCFP compared to CON horses (P ≤ 0.01). Clinical parameters were not influenced by diet but increased in response to repeated arthrocentesis (P ≤ 0.01). Dietary SCFP may favorably modulate intra-articular inflammation following an acute stressor and influence cartilage turnover in young horses.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product attenuates exercise-induced stress markers in young horses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah C Valigura ◽  
Jessica L Leatherwood ◽  
Rafael E Martinez ◽  
Sharon Norton ◽  
Sarah H White-Springer
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Fermentation Product ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Young Horses ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product

Abstract Mitigation of exercise-induced stress is of key interest in determining ways to optimize performance horse health. To test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product would decrease markers of exercise-induced stress and inflammation in young horses, Quarter Horse yearlings (mean ± SD; 9 ± 1 mo) were randomly assigned to receive either no supplementation (CON; n = 8) or 21 g/d Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (10.5 g/feeding twice daily; SCFP; n = 10) top dressed on a basal diet of custom-formulated grain, as well as ad libitum Coastal bermudagrass hay. After 8 wk of dietary treatments, horses underwent a 2-h submaximal exercise test (SET) on a free-stall mechanical exerciser. Serum was collected before dietary treatment supplementation (wk 0), and at wk 8 pre-SET, and 0, 1, and 6 h post-SET, and analyzed for concentrations of cortisol and serum amyloid A (SAA) by commercial ELISA, and for cytokine concentrations by commercial bead-based ELISA. Data were analyzed using linear models with repeated measures in SAS v9.4. From wk 0 to 8 (pre-SET), serum cortisol decreased (P = 0.01) and SAA did not change but neither were affected by diet. Serum concentrations of all cytokines decreased from wk 0 to 8 (P ≤ 0.008), but granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) decreased to a greater extent in CON than in SCFP horses (P ≤ 0.003). In response to the wk 8 SET, serum cortisol increased in all horses (P < 0.0001), but returned to pre-SET levels by 1 h post-SET in horses receiving SCFP. At 6 h post-SET, cortisol concentrations in CON horses returned to pre-SET concentrations, while cortisol declined further in SCFP horses to below pre-SET levels (P = 0.0002) and lower than CON (P = 0.003) at that time point. Serum amyloid A increased at 6 h post-SET in CON (P < 0.0001) but was unchanged through 6 h in SCFP horses. All cytokines except G-CSF increased in response to the SET (P < 0.0001), but showed differing response patterns. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were lesser (P ≤ 0.05), and concentrations of G-CSF and IL-18 tended to be lesser (P ≤ 0.09) in SCFP compared to CON horses throughout recovery from the SET. In summary, 8 wk of dietary supplementation with 21 g/d of SCFP may mitigate cellular stress following a single, prolonged submaximal exercise bout in young horses.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the acute phase immune response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge are mitigated by supplementation with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in weaned beef calves1,2

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C Burdick Sanchez ◽  
Jeff A Carroll ◽  
P Rand Broadway ◽  
Tom S Edrington ◽  
Ilkyu Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Fermentation Product ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product

Abstract This study was conducted to determine if feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) to calves would alter the acute phase response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Crossbred steer calves [n = 32; 274 ± 1.9 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly allotted to two treatment diets for 21 d: 1) control, fed RAMP (Cargill, Dalhart, TX) and 2) SCFP, fed the control ration supplemented with NaturSafe at 12 g/hd/d mixed into the TMR (NaturSafe, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA). On day 22, steers were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters and rectal temperature monitoring devices and placed in individual bleeding stalls. On day 23, steers were challenged i.v. with 0.25 µg/kg BW LPS. Blood samples were collected at 0.5-h (serum) or 2-h (complete blood counts) intervals from −2 to 8 h and again at 24 h relative to the LPS challenge at 0 h. Sickness behavior scores (SBS) were recorded after the collection of each blood sample. Rectal temperatures were greater in SCFP steers from 6 to 11 h, at 13 h, from 15 to 20 h, and from 22 to 24 h following the LPS challenge compared to Control steers (treatment × time: P = 0.01). Additionally, SCFP-supplemented steers had reduced (P < 0.01) SBS compared to Control steers. Platelet concentrations remained greater in SCFP-supplemented steers compared to Control steers throughout the study (P = 0.05), while there was a tendency (P = 0.09) for SCFP steers to have greater white blood cells and eosinophils concentrations than Control steers. There was a treatment × time interaction for serum cortisol and glucose (P < 0.01). Specifically, cortisol was greater at 0.5 and 2 h postchallenge but was reduced at 3 h for SCFP steers compared to Control steers. Glucose was greater in SCFP steers at −0.5, 2, and 7.5 h compared to Control steers. Serum amyloid A was reduced in SCFP steers at 0.5 h, yet greater at 1 and 7.5 h postchallenge compared to Control steers (treatment × time: P < 0.01). Fibrinogen concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in SCFP compared to Control steers. There was a treatment × time interaction (P < 0.01) for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) such that concentrations were reduced in SCFP steers from 1 to 2 h postchallenge compared to Control steers. Overall, these data suggest that supplementing calves with SCFP may have primed the innate immune response prior to the challenge, particularly platelets, which resulted in an attenuated sickness behavior and TNF-α response to LPS.

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