scholarly journals 154 Digestibility of amino acids, fiber, and energy, and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in conventional and extruded yellow dent corn, wheat, and sorghum fed to growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
Diego A Rodriguez ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Mary B Muckey ◽  
Cassandra K Jones ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dent Corn

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of extrusion on energy and nutrient digestibility in corn, wheat, and sorghum fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 6 diets based on raw or extruded sources of each grain and an N-free diet were formulated. Seven barrows (14.2 ± 0.9 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to a 7 × 7 Latin square. Ileal digesta were collected for 2 d after 5 d of adaptation. Results indicated that extruded grains had greater (P < 0.001) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch than non-extruded grains. Extrusion increased standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all AA except Pro in corn, but SID of AA in wheat and sorghum was not affected by extrusion (Table 1). In Exp. 2, 48 barrows (15.1 ± 3.7 kg) were allotted to 6 diets based on each of the 6 grains. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and feces and urine were collected quantitatively for 5 d after 5 d of adaptation. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE increased by extrusion of corn or sorghum, but that was not the case for wheat (interaction, P < 0.001). The ATTD of NDF was reduced by extrusion of wheat, but not of corn or sorghum (interaction, P < 0.001). Extrusion reduced (P < 0.05) the ATTD of ADF in all grains. Values for ME were greater in extruded corn and sorghum compared with non-extruded grains, but ME in wheat was not affected by extrusion (interaction, P < 0.001). In conclusion, extrusion of corn, wheat, and sorghum increased AID of starch and SID of all indispensable AA. The ME in corn and sorghum was also increased.

scholarly journals Digestibility of amino acids and concentrations of metabolizable energy and net energy are greater in high-shear dry soybean expellers than in soybean meal when fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A Rodriguez ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Soybean expellers may be produced by dry extrusion and mechanical oil pressing of soybeans, but there is limited information about the nutritional value of expellers produced via this procedure. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and total dietary fiber (TDF), and concentrations of DE, ME, and NE are greater in soybean expellers than in soybean meal (SBM) when fed to growing pigs. Pigs were the offspring of Line 359 boars mated to Camborough females (Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, TN). In experiment 1, nine growing barrows (initial BW: 55.98 kg ± 13.75 kg) with T-cannulas installed in the distal ileum were allotted to 1 of 3 diets using a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods. Two diets were formulated to contain 35% soybean expellers or 33% SBM as the sole source of AA. A N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each 7-d period. Results indicated that the SID of most indispensable and dispensable AA were greater (P &lt; 0.05) or tended (P &lt; 0.10) to be greater in soybean expellers than in SBM. In experiment 2, a corn-based diet and 2 diets based on corn and each of the 2 soybean products were formulated. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 44.88 kg ± 2.17 kg) were allotted to 1 of the 3 diets with 8 pigs per diet. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. Results indicated that the ATTD of energy and TDF was not different between soybean expellers and SBM, but the ATTD of TDF in the 2 soybean products was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in corn. Concentrations of DE and ME in soybean expellers were greater (P &lt; 0.05) compared with corn or SBM. Soybean expellers had greater (P &lt; 0.05) calculated NE compared with SBM, but there was no difference in NE between corn and soybean expellers. In conclusion, values for SID of most AA and DE, ME, and NE in soybean expellers were greater than in SBM.

scholarly journals 181 Effects of Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic on energy and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Jinlong Zhu ◽  
Gerald C Shurson ◽  
Lynsey Whitacre ◽  
Ignacio R Ipharraguerre ◽  
Pedro E Urriola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Corn Distillers

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic (AOP, Amaferm®) on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed high fiber diets. Eighteen growing barrows (initial BW = 50.60 ± 4.90 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. Three diets were formulated by including 29.65% corn-distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 36.65% rice bran (RB) or 24.59% wheat middlings (WM) in corn and soybean meal-based diets to meet nutrient requirements for 50 to 75 kg growing pigs. Three additional diets were formulated by supplementing 0.05% AOP at the expense of corn in DDGS (DDGS + AOP), RB (RB + AOP), and wheat middlings (WM + AOP) diets. Pigs were allotted randomly to a triplicated 6 × 2 Youden square design with 6 diets and 2 successive periods. Feces and ileal digesta were collected for 2 d after a 21 d adaptation period, and nutrient content was analyzed to calculate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids was calculated by correcting AID with basal endogenous amino acid losses determined from the same set of pigs. Supplementation of 0.05% AOP increased (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of DM, GE, CP, NDF, and ash in DDGS, RB, and WM diets. Diet DE was 35 kcal/kg greater (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed AOP supplemented diets compared with those fed diets without AOP. Pigs fed DDGS+AOP diet had greater (P &lt; 0.05) AID of ether extract compared to those fed DDGS diet. However, supplementation of AOP did not (P &gt; 0.05) affect AID of GE, DM, CP, NDF, ash or SID of amino acids. In conclusion, supplementation of AOP in high fiber diets containing DDGS, RB, or WM increased total tract energy value and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

scholarly journals PSI-12 Effect of a carbohydrase mixture on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed to growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Jichen Song ◽  
Ahmed Aljuobori ◽  
C Martin Nyachoti ◽  
Gustavo A Mejicanos
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Heat treatment could effectively decrease the antinutritional factors in soybean during meal processing. One such progress is the combination of extrusion with expelling, which produces the dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM), and there is a great interest in exploring its utilization as a dietary ingredient for swine. Thus, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 30 ± 1.3 kg) were used to determine the ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of DESBM fed to growing pigs with or without multi-carbohydrase (MC) supplementation. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design to give eight observations per treatment. The experimental diets were formulated to contain one of the two batches of DESBM (DESBM-1 and DESBM-2) as the sole source of protein. All diets contained titanium dioxide (0.3%) as an indigestible marker to calculate nutrient digestibility. Each experimental period lasted for seven days, and ileal digesta samples were collected on d 6 and d 7. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA were calculated using published mean values to estimate ileal endogenous AA losses. Data were analyzed using the mixed model procedures of SAS, and the final model had treatment, batch, and the interaction between treatment and batch as the main effects. In general, the SID of AA in DESBM-1 and DESBM-2 were not different, such as Ile, Lys, Met, Thr, and Val, which averaged 88.97%, 89.77%, 89.08%, 84.38%, and 86.85% respectively. There were no effects of MC supplementation on AID and SID of AA digestibility in DESBM except for the AID of Trp (P &lt; 0.05). Also, there were no interaction effects of MC supplementation and batch on AA digestibility in DESBM. In conclusion, enzyme supplementation did not improve the AID and SID of AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

scholarly journals Excessive heating of 00-rapeseed meal reduces not only amino acid digestibility but also metabolizable energy when fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryane S F Oliveira ◽  
Markus K Wiltafsky-Martin ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that both the degree of heating and the time that heat is applied will affect the concentration of DE and ME, and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in 00-rapeseed meal (00-RSM) fed to growing pigs. The nine treatments were prepared using a conventional 00-RSM that was either not autoclaved or autoclaved at 110 °C for 15 or 30 min or at 150 °C for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 min. In experiment 1, 20 growing barrows with an average initial BW of 21.2 ± 1.2 kg were randomly allotted to the 10 diets in a replicated 10 × 4 Youden square with 10 diets and four periods in each square. A corn-based basal diet and nine diets containing corn and each source of 00-RSM were formulated. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 5 d after 7 d of adaptation. In experiment 2, nine diets contained one of the nine sources of 00-RSM as the sole source of AA, and an N-free diet that was used to measure basal endogenous losses of AA and CP was formulated. Twenty growing barrows with an initial BW of 69.8 ± 5.7 kg had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to a 10 × 7 Youden square design with 10 diets and 7 periods. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each 7-d period. Results from the experiments indicated that there were no effects of autoclaving at 110 °C on DE and ME or on AID and SID of AA in 00-RSM, but DE and ME, and AID and SID of AA were less (P &lt; 0.01) if 00-RSM was autoclaved at 150 °C compared with 110 °C. At 150 °C, there were decreases (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) in DE and ME, and in AID and SID of AA as heating time increased. In conclusion, autoclaving at 110 °C did not affect ME or SID of AA in 00-RSM, but autoclaving at 150 °C had negative effects on ME and SID of AA and the negative effects increased as heating time increased.

scholarly journals Physicochemical properties and energy content of yellow dent corn from different climatic origins in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1787-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxuan Dong ◽  
Juntao Li ◽  
Zhongchao Li ◽  
Shuo Zhang ◽  
Xiaozhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
Gross Energy

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of yellow dent corn sourced from different meteorological origins fed to growing pigs and develop equations to predict the DE and ME of yellow dent corn from southwestern China.Methods: Sixty crossbred barrows were allotted to 20 treatments in a triplicate 20×2 incomplete Latin square design with 3 replicated pigs per dietary treatment during 2 consecutive periods. Each period lasted for 12 days, and total feces and urine during the last 5 days of each period were collected to calculate the energy contents.Results: On dry matter (DM) basis, the DE and ME in 20 corn grain samples ranged from 15.38 to 16.78 MJ/kg and from 14.93 to 16.16 MJ/kg, respectively. Selected best-fit prediction equations for DE and ME (MJ/kg DM basis) for yellow dent corn (n = 16) sourced from southwestern China were as follows: DE = 28.58–(0.12×% hemicellulose)+(0.35×% ether extract)–(0.83×MJ/kg gross energy)+(0.20×% crude protein)+(0.49×% ash); ME = 30.42– (0.11×% hemicellulose)+(0.31×% ether extract)–(0.81×MJ/kg gross energy).Conclusion: Our results indicated that the chemical compositions, but not the meteorological conditions or physical characteristics could explain the variation of energy contents in yellow dent corn sourced from southwestern China fed to growing pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex on the Ileal and Total Tract Digestibility of Nutrients in Cannulated Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Cheng Yang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ya-Kuan Huang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Corn Distillers

The current study evaluated the influence of a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) on the ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs. A total of eight barrows (initial BW = 30.7 ± 1.1 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum and randomly allotted to four groups. The experiment was conducted according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, each period lasting 10 days. Pigs were fed four experimental diets, which consisted of two basal diets (BD1, low phytate; BD2, high phytate) with or without MCPC containing at least 1800 U xylanase, 6600 U α-arabinofuranosidase, 1244 U β-glucanase, and 1000 U phytase per/kg corn–soybean meal with 15% corn distillers based diet. The high phytate diet reduced (p < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein by 1.4% and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy by 1.7, 2.3, and 1.9%, respectively, and tended to decrease (p = 0.10) the ATTD of Ca by 17.3%, relative to the low phytate diet. The dietary supplementation of the MCPC increased (p < 0.05) the AID of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) by 34.2% and 31.1% for BD1 and 26.7% and 41.3% for BD2, respectively, and increased (p < 0.05) ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca by 1.4%, 45.6%, and 9.6% for BD1 and 3.1%, 66.0%, and 52.7% for BD2, respectively. The MCPC supplementation did not significantly increase the AID and (or) ATTD of crude protein, organic matter, and starch. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of the MCPC could improve the AID of P and Ca and the ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca.

Sunflower expellers have greater ileal digestibility of amino acids than sunflower meal, but there are only minor variations among different sources of sunflower meal when fed to growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimena A Ibagon ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The objective was to test the hypothesis that there is no effect of origin or processing procedure on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and crude protein (CP) in sunflower co-products. Six sources of sunflower meal (SFM) and 1 source of sunflower expellers (SFE) were obtained from Ukraine, Italy, Hungary, and the U.S. Each source of SFM or SFE was the only source of CP and AA in 1 diet and an N-free diet was also used for a total of 8 diets. Eight barrows (body weight: 28.5 ± 2.4 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to 1 of the 8 diets using an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods. The Lys:CP ratio in the 6 sources of SFM ranged from 3.10 to 3.96% with CP concentrations ranging from 27.34 to 36.75%. Crude protein in SFE was 26.87% and the Lys:CP ratio was 3.51%. Concentrations of acid hydrolyzed ether extract in the 6 sources of SFM ranged from 0.60 to 3.11%, but SFE contained 8.77%. Results indicated that the SID of CP was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in SFM from Hungary compared with all other sources of SFM except for 1 of the sources from Ukraine. There were no differences in the SID of Lys, Met, and Trp among sources of SFM, but for most of the remaining indispensable AA, the SFM from Hungary had less (P &lt; 0.05) SID than the other sources. However, only few differences in SID of indispensable AA were observed among the other sources of SFM, but the SID of CP and all AA except Trp was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in SFE compared with SFM. In conclusion, there were only few differences in the SID of the first limiting AA among SFM obtained from Ukraine, Hungary, Italy, and the U.S., but the SID of CP and AA was greater in SFE than in SFM indicating that processing of sunflower seeds influence the nutritional value.

scholarly journals 122 Nutrient digestibility of heat pretreated or multienzyme treated corn whole stillage for pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
Kevin Jerez-Bogota ◽  
Tofuko A Woyengo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Whole Stillage ◽  
Net Energy Value ◽  
Corn Ddgs

Abstract A study was conducted to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and net energy value (NE) for pigs of heat-pretreated or enzyme-predigested corn whole stillage (WS; slurry material that is dried into DDGS). Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 65.6 ± 3.5 kg) were fed 5 diets in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. The diets were cornstarch-based, containing corn DDGS, untreated WS (C-WS), heat-pretreated WS (Heat-WS) or enzyme-predigested WS (Predigested-WS), and N-free diet. Digestibility of AA in feedstuffs was determined by the direct method. Energy digestibility in feedstuffs was determined by difference from the N-free diet. The WS was heat pretreated at 140 °C and 70 psi for 15 min. Predigestion of the WS was achieved by incubating with multienzyme that supplied xylanase, celullase, α-galactosidase at 2.4, 2.0 and 2.3 mg per gram of WS, respectively, for 12 h at 55 °C. On DM basis, DDGS, C-WS, Heat-WS, Predigested-WS contained 32.8, 30.8, 28.18, and 39.7% CP, 39.8, 51.0, 52.2 and 53.8% NDF, and 4.5, 4.6, 5.7 and 4.5% EE, respectively. The SID of Lys for C-WS (75.5%) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that for C-DDGS (67.4%) and Heat-WS (53.9%), but lower (P &lt; 0.05) than for Predigested-WS (84.1%). The NE value for C-WS (2,793 kcal/kg) did not differ from that of C-DDGS (2,668 kcal/kg DM). The NE value for C-WS was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that for Heat-WS (1,834 kcal/kg DM) and lower than that for Predigested-WS (2,814 kcal/kg DM). In conclusion, enzymatic predigestion of WS increased its SID of Lys and NE value, and hence it can be an attractive technology to increase the nutritive value of corn DDGS for pigs. Heat pretreatment reduced SID of AA and NE values of the WS.

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