scholarly journals PSIII-23 Characterization of oxidized oil-elicited disruption of amino acid metabolism in nursery pigs through metabolomic analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Yue Guo ◽  
Andrea Hanson ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Brian Kerr ◽  
Pedro Urriola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

Abstract Feeding oxidized lipids compromises growth performance of pigs, but the metabolic events contributing to this adverse effect are not well defined. In this study, oxidized corn oil (OCO) was prepared by heating control corn oil (CCO) at 185 oC for 12 h. Weanling pigs (initial BW = 6.3 ± 1.4 kg) were fed 4 isocaloric diets containing 9% CCO, 6% CCO + 3% OCO, 3% CCO + 6% OCO, and 9% OCO, respectively. Pigs were provided ad libitum access to experimental diets in 3 phases (phase 1 = 4 d, phase 2 = 10 d and phase 3 = 21 d) for 35 d. Pig body weight (BW) and feed disappearance were determined at the d 0, 4, 14 and 35 to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain to feed (G:F) ratio. Serum and liver samples collected on d 35 of feeding were analyzed by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis. Growth performance data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and metabolomics data were analyzed by two-tailed student’s t test for comparison between different doses of OCO and CCO treatments. The result showed that dietary OCO decreased G:F ratio (P < 0.05) dose-dependently, but did not ADFI. Metabolomics analysis showed that OCO fed pigs decreased the levels of serum alanine (P < 0.01), tryptophan (P < 0.05), carnosine (P < 0.01), and glutamic acid (P < 0.05), while the levels of threonine (P < 0.05) was increased compared to CCO. Moreover, consuming OCO decreased the hepatic metabolites from threonine catabolism pathways, including α-ketobutyrate (P < 0.01), α-amino-butyrate (P < 0.05), and propionic acid (P < 0.05), compared to CCO treatment. In addition, OCO increased hepatic NAD level by activating tryptophan-NAD+ metabolic pathway. Overall, OCO selectively modulated amino acid metabolism in nursery pigs, which may further affect growth performance.

Hepatic injury and disturbed amino acid metabolism in mice following prolonged exposure to organophosphorus pesticides

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gomes ◽  
A H Dawodu ◽  
O Lloyd ◽  
D M Revitt ◽  
S V Anilal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Total Serum

1 Chronic occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate-type pesticides significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and causes morbidity. This study on mice was designed to evaluate their amino profile and to identify signs of hepatic dysfunction following their chronic exposure to mixtures of organophosphorus pesticides. 2 Laboratory mice were exposed to a formulated mixture of the six organophosphorus pesticides (Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos, Profenofos, Pirimiphos methyl, Triazophos and Dimethoate) most commonly used in agriculture in this region of the Middle East. Doses (10% of LD50 of the mixture) were given once a week by gavage in corn oil for 7 weeks; the control group was given only corn oil. At the end of the exposure period, mice were culled and blood samples were collected to determine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity, biochemical markers of liver function and concentrations of serum amino acids. 3 Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity and total serum proteins decreased significantly in the exposed group. Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, ornithine, proline, serine, threonine and valine were significantly increased in the exposed mice, while serum levels of cystine were decreased significantly. There were also non-significant increases in serum alkaline phosphatase, gama-glutamyl transpeptidase and some of the other amino acids. 4 Chronic exposure to mixtures of organophosphorus pesticides is associated with decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, hepatic dysfunction and disturbance of amino acids profile. Biochemical indices of hepatocellular injury and disturbed amino acid metabolism may be of value as markers of chronic exposure to such pesticides.

scholarly journals Dietary Concentrate Supplementation Alters Serum Metabolic Profiles Related to Energy and Amino Acid Metabolism in Grazing Simmental Heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Simujide Huasai ◽  
Aorigele Chen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Altered Glucose

Supplementation plays a vital role in the growth performance of grazing heifers. We investigated the effects of maize-based concentrate supplementation on the serum metabolome in grazing heifers. Twenty-four 7-month-old heifers (211.65 ± 4.25 kg BW) were randomly divided into a supplement (SUP) group and a control (CON) group. The results indicated that concentrate supplementation increased the final body weight (BW) of grazing heifers, and the average daily gain (ADG) was 61.5% (P = 0.011) higher in the SUP group than in the CON group. Serum concentrations of total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), and leptin were higher in the SUP group than in the CON group (p &lt; 0.05). Supplementation increased serum metabolites and amino acids and markedly altered glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, which contributed to the heifer growth. Furthermore, by multivariate analysis, 45 serum metabolites were identified as significantly different between the two groups. Enrichment analysis revealed that arginine biosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism as well as glycerophospholipid metabolism were significantly enriched between the two groups. We concluded that the growth potential of heifers could be improved by maize-based concentrate supplementation, and the main biological pathways affected were those related to energy and amino acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Continuous in vivo metabolism by NMR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Judge ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Fariba Tayyari ◽  
Ayuna Hattori ◽  
John Glushka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Metabolic Fingerprint

Dense time-series metabolomics data are essential for unraveling the underlying dynamic properties of metabolism. Here we extend high-resolution-magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) to enable continuous in vivo monitoring of metabolism by NMR (CIVM-NMR) and provide analysis tools for these data. First, we reproduced a result in human chronic lymphoid leukemia cells by using isotope-edited CIVM-NMR to rapidly and unambiguously demonstrate unidirectional flux in branched-chain amino acid metabolism. We then collected untargeted CIVM-NMR datasets for Neurospora crassa, a classic multicellular model organism, and uncovered dynamics between central carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy storage molecules, and lipid and cell wall precursors. Virtually no sample preparation was required to yield a dynamic metabolic fingerprint over hours to days at ~4-min temporal resolution with little noise. CIVM-NMR is simple and readily adapted to different types of cells and microorganisms, offering an experimental complement to kinetic models of metabolism for diverse biological systems.

scholarly journals Toxicity of canola-derived glucosinolates in pigs fed resistant starch-based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung W Lee ◽  
Shenggang Wang ◽  
Yue Huang ◽  
Teresa Seefeldt ◽  
Abigail Donkor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Organ Weights

Abstract A study was conducted to determine effects of reducing hindgut pH through dietary inclusion of high-amylose cornstarch (HA-starch) on growth performance, organ weights relative to live body weight (BW), blood thyroid hormone levels, and glucosinolate degradation products of nursery pigs fed cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC). A total of 240 pigs (initial BW: 7.1 kg), which had been weaned at 21 d of age, were housed in 40 pens (6 pigs per pen) and fed 4 diets (10 pens per diet) in a randomized complete block design for 28 d. Four diets were a basal diet with CPCC at 0 or 40%, and with HA-starch at 0 or 40% in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The diets were fed in two phases: Phase 1 from day 0 to 14 and Phase 2 from day 14 to 28 and were formulated to have the same net energy, standardized ileal digestible AA, Ca, and standardized total tract digestible P contents. Dietary inclusion of CPCC and HA-starch was achieved by a partial or complete replacement of corn, soybean meal, and soy protein. At the end of the study, one pig from each pen was euthanized to determine organ weights, blood parameters, hindgut pH, and glucosinolate degradation products. Dietary CPCC reduced (P &lt; 0.05) overall average daily gain (ADG) by 15%; increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative weights of liver and thyroid gland by 27% and 64%, respectively; and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) serum tetraiodothyronine (T4) level from 30.3 to 17.8 ng/mL. Heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract weights; serum triiodothyronine level; and hindgut pH of pigs were unaffected by dietary CPCC. Dietary HA-starch reduced (P &lt; 0.05) overall ADG, relative weight of thyroid gland, cecal, and colonic pH; but increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative weight of colon; tended to increase (P = 0.062) serum T4 level. Dietary CPCC and HA-starch interacted (P = 0.024) on relative weight of thyroid gland such that dietary CPCC increased (P &lt; 0.05) weight of thyroid gland for HA-starch-free diet (120 vs. 197 mg/kg of BW) but not for HA-starch-containing diet (104 vs. 130 mg/kg of BW). Dietary CPCC and HA-starch interacted (P = 0.001) on cecal isothiocyanate content such that dietary CPCC increased (P &lt; 0.05) level of isothiocyanates for HA-starch-containing diet but not for HA-starch-free diet. In conclusion, dietary CPCC reduced growth performance, increased liver, size and interfered with thyroid gland functions of pigs. However, the negative effects of dietary CPCC on thyroid gland functions of nursery pigs were alleviated by dietary HA-starch.

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