129 Effect of Ronozyme® WX supplementation on apparent and true ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients in broiler chicks fed varying levels of rice bran

Abstract An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rice bran (RB) and Ronozyme® WX on apparent and true ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility coefficients in broiler chicks using a regression approach. Two hundred and forty 21-day-old Abor Acre plus chicks were randomly allotted to six diets with varying levels of RB (100, 200 and 300 g/kg) without (0g/kg) or with Ronozyme® WX (25g/kg) supplementation in a 2x3 factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 8 birds each. The birds were fed for 5 days (d 22–26). On d 26, digesta was sampled from distal ileum. Data were analyzed using general linear model at α0.05. Lysine had the highest concentration among the essential amino acids (AAs) while the lowest concentration was observed for threonine. Rice bran at 10% for the essential amino acids with enzyme was significantly higher but compared with concentrations of RB at 10% and 20% without enzyme. There were no significant differences among the true ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients except lysine (10% RB) without enzyme (0.91) which was significantly higher than 20% RB with enzyme (0.84) but similar to other treatments. Rice bran with enzyme had a significant (P < 0.05) interactive effect on the apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of arginine, histidine, isoleucine methionine and phenylalanine. When RB was supplemented with enzyme, a significant (P < 0.05) interactive effect on true ileal digestibility coefficients of arginine and methionine was observed. Rice bran-enzyme interaction had no significant effect on the non-essential AAs. The slopes of the regression lines ranged from 0.77 (arginine) to 0.98 (phenylalanine). In conclusion, enzyme supplementation did not significantly influence the digestibility coefficients of AA in rice bran. However, the inclusion of 10% and 20% RB supplemented with Ronozyme® can help to improve the methionine content in rice bran.

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170 Energy values and digestibility of amino acids in dried yeast and soybean meal fed to pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 61-61

Author(s):

Chan Sol Park ◽

Ayodeji S Aderibigbe ◽

Gary Hayen ◽

Olayiwola Adeola

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Block Design ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Sole Source ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Blocking Factors

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in dried yeast (DY) and soybean meal (SBM) fed to pigs. In Exp. 1, 30 barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 20.7 ± 1.01 were assigned to 5 diets in a randomized complete block design with period and BW as blocking factors. A basal diet was prepared to contain corn, canola meal, and soybean oil as energy-contributing ingredients. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 5 or 10 g/kg DY or SBM at the expense of energy-contributing ingredients in the basal diet to estimate the DE and ME in test ingredients by regression analysis. On a dry matter basis, estimated DE and ME in DY were 4,022 and 3,352 kcal/kg, respectively, and those in SBM were 3,876 and 3,601kcal/kg, respectively. There was no difference in estimated DE or ME between DY and SBM. In Exp. 2, 21 barrows (initial BW = 20.0 ± 1.31 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were assigned to 3 diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. Two diets were prepared to contain DY or SBM as the sole source of nitrogen, and a nitrogen-free diet was prepared to determine the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. The SID of AA, except for Gly and Pro, in SBM were greater (P < 0.05) than in DY. The SID of indispensable AA in DY ranged from 64.7% for Thr to 86.1% for Arg, whereas those in SBM ranged from 84.8% for Thr to 92.3% for Arg. In conclusion, energy values in DY was comparable with SBM, but the SID of most AA in DY were less than in SBM.

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Effect of maize endosperm hardness, drying temperature and microbial enzyme supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an13113 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (7) ◽

pp. 956 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. A. Kaczmarek ◽

A. J. Cowieson ◽

D. Józefiak ◽

A. Rutkowski

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Phytic Acid ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Block Design ◽

Bodyweight Gain ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Maize Endosperm ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Amino Acid Availability

This study was conducted to determine the influence of maize endosperm type (soft or vitreous), drying temperature (60, 100, 140°C), and enzyme addition (no enzyme or phytase + xylanase) on broiler chicken growth, amino acid availability, and phytate phosphorus hydrolysis. One-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks (total 1200) were allotted to floor pens with a randomised complete block design (2 × 3 × 2). Diets were formulated to be marginally deficient in Lys, total sulfur amino acids, calcium, and nonphytate phosphorus. A positive effect (P < 0.05) of enzyme addition on chicken bodyweight gain to day 35 was observed (1884 vs 1940 g). Bodyweight gains and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were linearly depressed when drying temperature was increased. Chickens fed vitreous maize were characterised by lower bodyweight gain (1932 vs 1893 g; P < 0.05) and higher FCR (1.796 vs 1.840g : g; P < 0.05). There were no interactions between any of the main effects for overall performance metrics. The use of phytase improved phytic acid digestibility (0.302 vs 0.389; P < 0.05) but phytic acid digestibility was unaffected (P > 0.05) by drying temperature or hardness. The highest drying temperature had a negative effect on amino acids digestibility (P < 0.05). The use of phytase and xylanase improved amino acid apparent ileal digestibility (P < 0.05), except for Cys, Met, and Phe. Results from this study show that drying temperature and vitreousness of maize influence the nutritional value of this grain for broilers. Part of the beneficial effect of the addition of phytase + xylanase to diets with overheated maize for poultry appears to be mediated through an improvement in amino acid availability.

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Ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs given a barley-based diet with increasing inclusion of lucerne leaf meal

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800009863 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 131-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M. Reverter ◽

J. E. Lindberg

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Leaf Meal

AbstractIleal digestibility of amino acids in barley-based diets with increasing inclusion of lucerne leaf meal (LLM; 0, 50, 100 and 200 g/kg) was studied in a change-over experiment with post-valve T-caecum cannulated growing pigs. The apparent Heal digestibility of crude protein, as well as of most of the essential (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was not significantly affected by the dietary inclusion of LLM. The exceptions were cystine, methionine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid and serine, all of which showed a significant (P< 0·05) reduction in apparent Heal digestibility with increasing inclusion of LLM. In contrast, the calculated true Heal digestibility of all EAA (with the exception of arginine and lysine) and the NEAA glutamic acid and serine were significantly (P< 0·05) reduced with the inclusion of LLM. Associated with an increased crude protein intake, there was a significant (P< 0·05) increase in the amount of absorbed EAA when the proportion of LLM was increased in the diet. With increasing proportion of fibre in the diet, there was a significant (P< 0·05) increase in the Heal flow of glucosamine.It can be concluded from the present data that the inclusion of LLM in a barley-based diet for growing pigs will result in an improvement in the absorbed amino-acid profile due to a significant increase in the absorption of all of the EAA.

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A new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has greater digestibility of amino acids and energy, but less digestibility of phosphorus, than de-oiled DDGS when fed to growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Minoy Cristobal ◽

Jessica P Acosta ◽

Su A Lee ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Latin Square ◽

Sole Source ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Distillers Dried Grains ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Microbial Phytase

Abstract AbstractThree experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), concentration of metabolizable (ME), and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in a new source of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; ProCap DDGS) are greater than in conventional de-oiled DDGS. In experiment 1, nine barrows (initial BW: 67.2 ± 6.4 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three diets and three periods for a total of nine replicate pigs per diet. Two diets included ProCap DDGS or de-oiled DDGS as the sole source of crude protein (CP) and AA. An N-free diet was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 5 and 6 of each period after 4 d of adaptation to diets. Results from experiment 1 indicated that ProCap DDGS contained more CP and AA compared with de-oiled DDGS. The SID of all AA in ProCap DDGS was greater (P < 0.001) compared with de-oiled DDGS with the exception that the SID of Pro was not different between the two sources of DDGS. In experiment 2, 24 growing barrows (initial BW: 32.7 ± 3.1 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and used in a randomized complete block design and fed a corn-based diet or two diets containing corn and each source of DDGS with eight replicate pigs per diet. Fecal and urine samples were collected for 4 d after 7 d of adaptation. Results from experiment 2 indicated that concentration of ME in ProCap DDGS was greater (P < 0.05) compared with corn or de-oiled DDGS. In experiment 3, 32 growing barrows (initial BW: 20.2 ± 0.9 kg) were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to four diets with eight pigs per diet using a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The de-oiled DDGS and ProCap DDGS were both included in a diet without microbial phytase and a diet with microbial phytase (500 units/kg diet). Pigs were adapted to the diets for 5 d and fecal samples were collected for 4 d. Results from experiment 3 indicated that inclusion of phytase in the diet containing ProCap DDGS increased (P < 0.05) the STTD of P, but addition of phytase to the de-oiled DDGS diet did not increase STTD of P (interaction, P < 0.001), but the STTD of P was greater (P < 0.05) in de-oiled DDGS compared with ProCap DDGS. In conclusion, ProCap DDGS has greater SID of AA and contains more ME, but has reduced STTD of P compared with conventional de-oiled DDGS.

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118 Digestibility of amino acids in hydrolyzed feather meal, flash dried poultry protein, poultry meal, and meat and bone meal fed to broiler chickens and pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 65-65

Author(s):

Chan Sol Park ◽

Victor Naranjo ◽

Ariane Helmbrecht ◽

John K Htoo ◽

Olayiwola Adeola

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Block Design ◽

Latin Square ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Meat And Bone Meal ◽

Feather Meal ◽

Bone Meal ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), flash dried poultry protein (FDPP), poultry meal (PM), and meat and bone meal (MBM) fed to broiler chickens and pigs. Four semi-purified diets and a nitrogen-free diet were prepared. Exp. 1 was conducted with 416 male broiler chickens (initial body weight [BW] = 705 ± 100.0 g) at d 18 post-hatching in a randomized complete block design. Birds were fed diets for 5 d and then euthanized to collect ileal digesta. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (initial BW = 22.1 ± 1.59 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were assigned to duplicate 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 5 diets and 4 periods. There were 5-d adaptation and 2-d ileal digesta collection periods in each experimental period. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with the effects of species (i.e., broiler chickens and pigs) and four experimental diets. There were interactions (P < 0.05) in the SID of His, Lys, Thr, Trp, and Val between diets and species. In broiler chickens, the SID of Lys in MBM was greater (P < 0.05) than HFM and FDPP but was not different from PM. Pigs fed MBM had greater (P < 0.05) SID of Lys than HFM, FDPP, and PM. In broiler chickens, the SID of His, Thr, and Trp in FDPP and PM were greater (P < 0.05) than HFM but was less (P < 0.05) than MBM. In pigs, the SID of His, Thr, and Trp in FDPP and PM were greater (P < 0.05) than HFM but was not different from MBM. In conclusion, differences in the SID of AA among animal protein sources were affected by species of monogastric animals.

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Application of Amino Acids on Philippine Native Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) Grown Under Flood Condition

JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research ◽

10.7719/jpair.v13i1.225 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kent Marcial L. Catubis ◽

Brenda A. Granada ◽

James B. Morales ◽

Roger R. Alferez ◽

Raymund A. Asentista ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Root Length ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Block Design ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Flood Condition ◽

Range Test

Flooding is the most important abiotic stress in the tropical and subtropical regions that negatively affects terrestrial plant growth and productivity and even leading to plant death. Amino acid accumulation, on the other hand, may serve as defense during stress resulting to tolerance among others. Thus, a study was conducted to determine the growth, root length and number of leaves produced by Philippine native tomato as affected by different levels of amino acid under varying durations of flooding. Data were statistically analyzed through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Comparisons among means were done using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Shoot growth was increased with application of amino acids (100 ppm) after both flooding conditions (three and six days) at 3.28cm and 7.47cm, respectively. Moreover, no amino acid application or minimal amino acid application (100 ppm) produced the most number of leaves on unflooded and minimally flooded conditions (three days only). On root length, longer roots were produced by plants without amino acid (12.68 cm) or lesser amino acid (100 ppm) at 9.43 cm, while flooding had no significant effect on root length. These results clearly indicate the value of exogenous amino acid (100 ppm) application mainly on shoot growth of tomato. Furthermore, exogenous amino acid application is deemed necessary because even in both number of leaves and root length where results are comparable to without amino acid application, no negative effect was observed. Keywords - agriculture, flooding, amino acid, Philippine native tomato

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Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids on apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids, acid hydrolyzed ether extract, and starch by young growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txaa054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 708-714

Author(s):

Carly M Rundle ◽

Valeria Artuso-Ponte ◽

Hans H Stein

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Block Design ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Period 2 ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a preparation of isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) obtained from Macleaya cordata and added to corn-soybean meal diets increases the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA), crude protein (CP), starch, and acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) when fed to young growing pigs. Thirty-two ileal cannulated barrows (initial body weight = 12.19 ± 1.38 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with four diets and eight replicate pigs per diet. Diets were supplemented with 0, 90, 180, or 360 mg/kg IQ and with 0.40% chromic oxide. Diets were fed for 27 d and ileal digesta were collected on days 13 and 14 (period 1) and on days 26 and 27 (period 2). Effects of IQ inclusions were analyzed using contrast statements, and differences between periods were analyzed using a repeated measures statement. A quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in the AID of Thr, Trp, Val, Pro, and Tyr was observed in period 1 as IQ was included in the diets, and AID of CP, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Val, Pro, and Tyr was greater in period 2 than in period 1 (P < 0.05). In period 1, a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) was observed for the AID of starch as IQ increased in the diet, but the AID of starch was less (P < 0.05) in period 2 than in period 1. No differences among treatments or periods were observed for AID of AEE. Results indicate that inclusion of approximately 90 mg/kg of IQ in diets for weanling pigs may increase the AID of starch and some AA.

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Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in wheat, barley, pea and flaxseed for broiler chickens

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas10076 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 103-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Bandegan ◽

A. Golian ◽

E. Kiarie ◽

R. L. Payne ◽

G. H. Crow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Sole Source ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Test Diet ◽

Nutrient Excretion ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

The Mean

Bandegan A., Golian, A., Kiarie E., Payne R. L., Crow G. H., Guenter W. and Nyachoti C. M. 2011. Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in wheat, barley, pea and flaxseed for broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 103–111. Experiments were conducted to estimate ileal amino acids (AA) digestibility in six wheat (exp. 1; 288 birds), seven barley (exp. 2; 252 birds), five pea (exp. 3; 240 birds) and five flaxseed (exp. 4; 216 birds) samples in male Ross broiler chicks. Wheat, barley and pea were the sole source of dietary AA in exps. 1, 2 and 3, whereas, for exp. 4, flaxseed and wheat (50:50 wt/wt) or wheat provided dietary AA. Chromic oxide was the indigestible marker. Birds were fed chick starter for the first 14 d; on day 15 each test diet was randomly assigned to six cages, each with six (exps. 2 and 4) or eight (exps. 1 and 3) birds. On day 21, birds were killed and digesta were sampled to determine the apparent ileal AA digestibility (AID). The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values were calculated using ileal endogenous AA losses previously determined in our laboratory from birds fed N-free diet. The mean SID values for indispensable AA ranged from 83.7% (Lys) to 93.8% (Phe), 80.4% (Arg) to 90.9% (Phe), 86.0% (Met+Cys) to 94.2% (Arg) and 47.4% (Thr) to 66.7% (Met) for wheat, barley, peas and flaxseed samples, respectively. Overall, SID AA estimates for flaxseed had higher (> 13%) coefficients of variation (CV) compared with other ingredients (CV<6%). These SID AA data will help nutritionists to formulate broiler diets that more closely match the birds' requirements and minimize nutrient excretion.

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Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Red and White Pigeon Peas (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) in Broiler Chicks

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2021/v43i630705 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 81-90

Author(s):

A. F. Agboola ◽

B. R. O. Omidiwura ◽

I. O. Oluwatomini ◽

R. O. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Aspartic Acid ◽

Block Design ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Endogenous Amino Acid

This study evaluated the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of two varieties of pigeon pea in broiler chicks. The experiment was carried out at the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Nigeria between May and July, 2019. Two hundred and forty (240) one-day old Abor Acre plus-strain broiler chicks were fed a commercial broiler starter diet for 15 days. On day 16, the birds were weighed, tagged and randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (Diet 1: Nitrogen Free Diet (NFD); Diet 2: Highly Digestible Protein (HDP); Diet 3: Red Pigeon Pea (RPP), Diet 4: White Pigeon Pea (WPP) with 6 replicates and 10 birds each in a randomized complete block design. On day 21, birds were sacrificed and digesta collected from terminal ileum. The Endogenous Amino Acid Losses (EAAL), Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility (AIAAD), Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility (SIAAD) were estimated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at P = .05. Higher EAA flow (P < .001) was recorded in lysine and aspartic acid for NFD while endogenous alanine flow was higher in HDP. Arginine had the lowest apparent digestibility values for both WPP and RPP. Apparent digestibility values of histidine, phenylalanine, valine, aspartic acid, glycine, proline and serine in WPP were significantly (P = .05) higher than in RPP with their corresponding higher (P = .05) SID values. Arginine had the lowest SIAAD value when AIAAD was corrected with HDP or NFD. In conclusion, WPP had higher CP level as well as higher digestibility values for some amino acids than RPP. The method used for standardization did not affect SIAAD values corrected with NFD or HDP for WPP and RPP respectively. Therefore, either of the two methods can be used to correct for endogenous amino acid losses.

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Screening of amino acid constituents from date palm fruits

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.10.0011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 4972

Author(s):

Lata Birlangi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Date Palm ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Palm Fruits ◽

Social Part

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. The fruit of the date palm is an important crop of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has always played a genuine economic and social part in the lives of the people of these areas. The present objective in examining the amino acid content of different varieties of date palm fruits from Middle-East region; is to determine whether its protein could effectively supplement the nutritional value and it is also aimed in finding which variety is rich in number of amino acids. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of eight essential amino acids and five non-essential amino acids in the date fruits. Among all the date fruit varieties taken as samples for the study, Dabbas cultivar of United Arab Emirates found to exhibit eight types of amino acids which includes five as non-essential ones. Total of thirteen amino acids were detected in the seven date cultivars. Determination of amino acid can serve as a guide to the possible nutritional value.

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