scholarly journals 35 Differential haptoglobin responsiveness to a Mannheimia haemolytica challenge altered immunologic, physiologic, and behavioral responses in beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
Lauren Wottlin ◽  
Gordon E Carstens ◽  
William Kayser ◽  
Thomas H Welsh ◽  
William Pinchak
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Serum Haptoglobin ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Visit Duration ◽  
Temperature Responses

Abstract A retrospective analysis of data from a previous study (Kayser et al., J. Anim. Sci. 97:596; 2019) revealed that steers challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) had divergent serum haptoglobin (HPT) despite having similar leukocyte and temperature responses. In that study, 36 steers (BW 352 ± 23 kg) were fitted with rumen boluses and were fed from electronic bunks to measure DMI and feeding behavior prior to inoculation with saline or MH. Whole blood was collected on days -4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 relative to MH inoculation. The MH steers were retrospectively classified as HPT responsive (RES; n = 9; mean AUC = 62.6 mg/dL/d) or HPT non-responsive (NON; n = 9; mean AUC = 4.5 mg/dL/d). The current objective was to determine if the HPT responsive phenotype altered other immunologic, physiologic, or behavioral responses, compared to saline controls (CON; n = 18). The magnitude of increase in neutrophils (P< 0.01) and total leukocytes (P< 0.05) was greater in RES than NON or CON on day 1. All MH-challenged steers experienced a transient febrile response, but temperature was greater (P< 0.01) in RES on days 0 and 4 compared to NON and CON. Intake was depressed in all three groups d 0, but magnitude of depression in RES was greater (P< 0.01) than NON or CON, and remained lower (P< 0.01) d 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8. Bunk-visit duration was decreased (P< 0.01) in all MH-challenged steers on day 0, but RES were greater (P< 0.02) than NON and CON d 11 and 12. Correspondingly, bunk-visit eating rate of RES was decreased (P< 0.01) from day 2 - 14. Had this not been a sub-clinical challenge model, the greater reduction in intake and increased leukocyte recruitment may have resulted in performance differences between RES and NON steers. These results suggest that differences in HPT responsiveness may be associated with differences in innate immunocompetence.

scholarly journals 36 Differential haptoglobin responsiveness to a Mannheimia haemolytica challenge altered immunologic, physiologic, and behavioral responses in beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
Lauren Wottlin ◽  
Gordon E Carstens ◽  
William Kayser ◽  
Thomas H Welsh ◽  
William Pinchak
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Serum Haptoglobin ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Visit Duration ◽  
Temperature Responses

Abstract A retrospective analysis of data from a previous study (Kayser et al., J. Anim. Sci. 97:596; 2019) revealed that steers challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) had divergent serum haptoglobin (HPT) despite having similar leukocyte and temperature responses. In that study, 36 steers (BW 352 ± 23 kg) were fitted with rumen boluses and were fed from electronic bunks to measure DMI and feeding behavior prior to inoculation with saline or MH. Whole blood was collected on days -4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 relative to MH inoculation. The MH steers were retrospectively classified as HPT responsive (RES; n = 9; mean AUC = 62.6 mg/dL/d) or HPT non-responsive (NON; n = 9; mean AUC = 4.5 mg/dL/d). The current objective was to determine if the HPT responsive phenotype altered other immunologic, physiologic, or behavioral responses, compared with saline controls (CON; n = 18). The magnitude of increase in neutrophils (P< 0.01) and total leukocytes (P< 0.05) was greater in RES than NON or CON on d1. All MH-challenged steers experienced a transient febrile response, but temperature was greater (P< 0.01) in RES on days 0 and 4 compared to NON and CON. Intake was depressed in all three groups d0, but magnitude of depression in RES was greater (P< 0.01) than NON or CON, and remained lower (P < 0.01) d 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8. Bunk-visit duration was decreased (P < 0.01) in all MH-challenged steers on day 0, but RES were greater (P < 0.02) than NON and CON d 11 and 12. Correspondingly, bunk-visit eating rate of RES was decreased (P < 0.01) from day 2 - 14. Had this not been a sub-clinical challenge model, the greater reduction in intake and increased leukocyte recruitment may have resulted in performance differences between RES and NON steers. These results suggest that differences in HPT responsiveness may be associated with differences in innate immunocompetence.

Temperature responses of lambs after centrally injected prostaglandins and pyrogens

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
QJ Pittman ◽  
WL Veale ◽  
KE Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Prostaglandin E1 ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Newborn Lamb ◽  
Bacterial Pyrogen ◽  
Temperature Responses

It has been proposed that pyrogens may produce their febrile response by the release of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus. To test this theory, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was injected into a lateral ventricle in dosages of 2-200 ug into conscious newborn lambs, ages 4-168 h. Fiifteen of 40 injections were followed by rises in rectal temperature but the remainder were followed either by no change or by falls. Temperature responses did not appear to be related to age and a variation in responses to the same dosage of PGE was often observed. Some lambs were able to develop fevers in response to intravenous bacterial pyrogen yet did not develop fever after intraventricular PGE 1. Intraventricular bacterial pyrogen (3 ng) produced no change in body temperature, whereas three of four injections of 300 ng pyrogen caused fever. The results suggest that the newborn lamb may be able to develop a fever independently of the central involvement of PGE1. Alternatively, the intraventricular approach may not be useful for the study of the central control of body temperature in the newborn lamb.

scholarly journals Efficacy of statistical process control procedures to identify deviations in continuously measured physiologic and behavioral variables in beef steers experimentally challenged with Mannheimia haemolytica

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William C Kayser ◽  
Gordon E Carstens ◽  
Ira L Parsons ◽  
Kevin E Washburn ◽  
Sara D Lawhon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Statistical Process Control ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Rumen Temperature

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine if statistical process control (SPC) procedures coupled with the remote continuous collection of feeding behavior patterns, accelerometer-based behaviors, and rumen temperature can accurately differentiate between animals experimentally inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) or PBS. Thirty-six crossbred steers (BW = 352 ± 23 kg) seronegative for MH were randomly assigned to bronchoselective endoscopic inoculation with MH (n = 18) or PBS (n = 18). Electronic feed bunks were used to measure DMI and feeding behavior traits, accelerometer-based neck collars measured feeding- and activity-behavior traits, and ruminal thermo-boluses measured rumen temperature. Data were collected for 28 d prior to and following inoculation. Steers inoculated with MH exhibited elevated (P < 0.02) levels of neutrophils and rumen temperature indicating that MH challenge effectively stimulated immunologic responses. However, only nine of the MH steers exhibited increased serum haptoglobin concentrations indicative of an acute-phase protein response and one displayed clinical signs of disease. Shewhart charts (SPC procedure) were used for two analyses, and sensitivity was computed using all MH-challenged steers (n = 18), and a subset that included only MH-challenged haptoglobin-responsive steers (n = 9). Specificity was calculated using all PBS steers in both analyses. In the haptoglobin-responsive only analysis, DMI and bunk visit (BV) duration had the greatest accuracy (89%), with accuracies for head-down (HD) duration, BV frequency, time to bunk, and eating rate being less (83%, 69%, 53%, and 61%, respectively). To address the diurnal nature of rumen temperature, data were averaged over 6-h intervals, and quarterly temperature models were evaluated separately. Accuracy for the fourth quarter rumen temperature was higher (78%) than the other quarterly temperature periods (first = 56%, second = 50%, and third = 67%). In general, the accelerometer-based behavior traits were highly specific ranging from 82% for ingestion to 100% for rest, rumination, and standing. However, the sensitivity of these traits was low (0% to 50%), such that the accuracies were moderate compared with feeding behavior and rumen temperature response variables. These results indicate that Shewhart procedures can effectively identify deviations in feeding behavior and rumen temperature patterns to enable subclinical detection of BRD in beef cattle.

scholarly journals Differential haptoglobin responsiveness to a Mannheimia haemolytica challenge altered immunologic, physiologic, and behavior responses in beef steers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren R Wottlin ◽  
Gordon E Carstens ◽  
William C Kayser ◽  
William E Pinchak ◽  
Jennifer M Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Rumen Temperature ◽  
Indicator Traits ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Indicator traits associated with disease resiliency would be useful to improve the health and welfare of feedlot cattle. A post-hoc analysis of data collected previously (Kayser et al., 2019a) was conducted to investigate differences in immunologic, physiologic, and behavioral responses of steers (N = 36, initial BW = 386 ± 24 kg) that had differential haptoglobin (HPT) responses to an experimentally-induced challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH). Rumen temperature, DMI and feeding behavior data were collected continuously, and serial blood samples were collected following the MH challenge. Retrospectively, it was determined that 9 of the 18 MH-challenged steers mounted a minimal HPT response, despite having similar leukocyte and temperature responses to other MH-challenged steers with a greater HPT response. Our objective was to examine differences in behavioral and physiological responses between MH-challenged HPT responsive (RES; n = 9), MH-challenged HPT non-responsive (NON; n = 9), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-inoculated controls (CON; n=18). Additionally, 1H NMR analysis was conducted to determine if the HPT responsive phenotype affected serum metabolite profiles. The RES steers had lesser (P < 0.05) cortisol concentrations than NON and CON steers. The magnitude of the increases in neutrophil concentrations and rumen temperature, and the reduction in DMI following the MH challenge were greatest (P < 0.05) in RES steers. Univariate analysis of serum metabolites indicated differences between RES, NON and CON steers following the MH challenge, however, multivariate analysis revealed no difference between HPT responsive phenotypes. Prior to the MH challenge, RES steers had longer (P < 0.05) head down and bunk visit durations, slower eating rates (P < 0.01) and greater (P < 0.05) daily variances in bunk visit frequency and head down duration compared to NON steers, suggesting that feeding behavior patterns were associated with the HPT responsive phenotype. During the 28-d post-challenge period, RES steers had decreased (P < 0.05) final BW, tended (P = 0.06) to have lesser DMI, and had greater (P < 0.05) daily variances in head down and bunk visit durations compared to NON steers, which may have been attributed to their greater acute-phase protein response to the MH challenge. These results indicate that the HPT responsive phenotype affected feeding behavior patterns and may be associated with disease-resiliency in beef cattle.

scholarly journals Average daily gain divergence in beef steers is associated with altered plasma metabolome and whole blood immune-related gene expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibukun M Ogunade ◽  
Megan McCoun
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Immune Related Gene ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract We evaluated the plasma amine/phenol- and carbonyl-metabolome and whole-blood immune gene expression profiles in beef steers with divergent average daily gain (ADG). Forty-eight Angus crossbred beef steers (21 days postweaning; 210 ± 8.5 kg of body weight) were fed the same total mixed ration ad libitum for 42 days with free access to water. After 42 days of feeding, the steers were divided into two groups of lowest (LF: n = 8) and highest ADG (HF: n = 8). Blood samples were taken from all steers. The blood samples from LF and HF steers were used for further analysis. A subsample of the whole blood was immediately transferred into RNA-protect tubes for RNA extraction and messenger RNA expressions of 84 genes involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Another subsample of the whole blood was immediately centrifuged to harvest the plasma for subsequent metabolome analysis. The average daily dry matter intake of the steers in LF and HF was 6.08 kg ± 0.57 and 6.04 kg ± 0.42, respectively, and was similar between the two groups (P = 0.72). The ADG (1.09 kg ± 0.13) of LF was lower (P = 0.01) than that of HF (1.63 kg ± 0.20). The expressions of 10 immune-related genes were upregulated (FC ≥ 1.2; P ≤ 0.05) in HF steers; these genes were involved in viral pathogen recognition and eradication, defense against intracellular and extracellular pathogens and parasites, and immune response homeostasis. A total number of 42 carbonyl-containing metabolites and 229 amine/phenol-containing metabolites were identified in the plasma samples of both groups. No alteration in carbonyl-metabolome was detected. Ten metabolites with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and reactive oxygen-scavenging properties were greater (FDR ≤ 0.05) in HF steers, whereas eight metabolites including arginine, phenylalanine, guanidoacetic acid, and aspartyl-threonine were greater in LF steers. This study demonstrated that beef steers with divergent ADG had altered plasma amine/phenol metabolome and immune-related gene expressions in the blood. Notably, plasma metabolites and immune-related genes of great health benefits were greater in steers with high ADG.

scholarly journals PSIX-22 Performance, whole-blood immune gene expression, and plasma metabolome of beef steers fed diet supplemented with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial product

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
Ibukun M Ogunade ◽  
Devan M Compart ◽  
Andres A Pech-Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Immune Gene Expression ◽  
Plasma Metabolome ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial on the performance, whole-blood immune gene expression, and plasma metabolome of beef steers during a 42-d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (7 d post-weaning; 210 ± 12 kg of BW) were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: basal diet with no additive (CON; n = 20) or a basal diet top-dressed with 19 g of the DFM (PROB; n = 20). PROB (PMI, Arden Hills, MN) is an optimized blend of 6.2 × 1011 cfu/g of S. cerevisiae, 3.5 × 1010 cfu/g of a mixture of Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and L. casei. Daily DMI and weekly body weights were measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Expression of 84 immune-related genes was analyzed on whole blood samples collected on days 21 and 42. Plasma metabolome was analyzed on day 42. The data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with treatment as a fixed effect and BW as a random effect. Compared with CON, PROB increased or tended to increase final body weight (P = 0.01), ADG (P = 0.04), and FE (P = 0.10). Compared with CON, PROB increased (P ≤ 0.05) the expression of seven immune-related genes involved in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns and T-cell differentiation. Plasma metabolome analysis revealed an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in concentrations of ten metabolites involved in protecting the animals against inflammation in steers fed PROB diet. This study demonstrated that supplementation of PROB improved the performance and health of newly weaned beef steers during a 42-d receiving period.

scholarly journals PSII-1 Beef steers divergent in average daily gain have differential expressions of immunity-related genes in whole blood

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 399-400
Author(s):  
Ibukun M Ogunade
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract We evaluated the whole-blood immune-related gene expression profiles in beef steers divergent in average daily gain (ADG). Forty-eight healthy Angus crossbred beef steers (21 d post-weaning; 210 ± 12 kg of BW) from a single source were housed in individual slatted floor pens and were fed similar corn silage-based total mixed ration ad libitum. After 42 days of feeding, the steers were assigned into two groups with lowest ADG (LF: n = 8) and highest (HF: n = 8) ADG. The average daily DM intake of the steers in LF and HF were 6.08 kg ± 0.57 and 6.04 kg ± 0.42, respectively, and was similar between the two groups (P = 0.72). Whole blood samples were taken from both LF and HF steers and were immediately processed for RNA extraction. Messenger RNA expressions of 84 genes related to innate and adaptive immune responses were analyzed using the RT2 Profiler cow innate and adaptive immune responses PCR Array (PABT-052ZA; Qiagen). Immune genes with FC ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 having P-value ≤ 0.05 were considered to be differentially expressed. A total number of 11 immune genes were differentially expressed between HF and LF steers. The mRNA expressions of 10 immune genes (IRF3, TLR3, CCR4, MAPK3, TYK2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT6, CCR8, and GATA3) were upregulated in HF steers; these genes were involved in viral pathogen recognition and eradication, defense against intracellular and extracellular pathogens and parasites, and immune response homeostasis. A pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-2, was upregulated in LF steers. These findings demonstrate that beef steers with divergent ADG had differential expressions of immune-related genes in the blood and future studies are needed to evaluate the mechanisms that cause differences in the expression of these immune genes and how these mechanisms can be employed to drive improved animal performance.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Fine Structure of Platelet Interaction with a New Microcrystalline Collagen Preparation

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
W. H. Zucker ◽  
R. G. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Hemostatic Agent ◽  
Native Collagen ◽  
Fibrillar Morphology ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
New Form

Platelet adhesion initiates platelet aggregation and is an important component of the hemostatic process. Since the development of a new form of collagen as a topical hemostatic agent is of both basic and clinical interest, an ultrastructural and hematologic study of the interaction of platelets with the microcrystalline collagen preparation was undertaken.In this study, whole blood anticoagulated with EDTA was used in order to inhibit aggregation and permit study of platelet adhesion to collagen as an isolated event. The microcrystalline collagen was prepared from bovine dermal corium; milling was with sharp blades. The preparation consists of partial hydrochloric acid amine collagen salts and retains much of the fibrillar morphology of native collagen.

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