A Single Method for 127 Recommended and Additional DUID Drugs in Blood and Urine by LC-MS/MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Farley ◽  
Helena Tran ◽  
Steven Towler ◽  
Jirair Gevorkyan ◽  
Sue Pearring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Forensic Casework ◽  
Target Drug ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Single Method

Abstract Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) cases continue to challenge forensic toxicologists as both the volume and complexity of casework increases. Comprehensive DUID testing should also meet the drafted ASB/ANSI standard and the NSC-ADID recommendations. A simple method using protein precipitation followed by filtration extraction with an 8-minute run time by LC-MS/MS was developed, and a comprehensive ASB/ANSI validation performed. Assessed in blood quantitatively, and urine qualitatively, is 127 target drug and metabolite analytes including cannabinoids (12), amphetamines (11), cocaine and metabolites (6), benzodiazepines (36), Z-drugs (5), opioids (27), anticonvulsants (3), first-generation antihistamines (6), muscle relaxants (2), dissociatives and hallucinogens (6), barbiturates (10), and miscellaneous substances (3). Limits of detection are appropriate for DUID, and other forensic casework such as drug-facilitated crime (DFC) and postmortem investigations. To demonstrate applicability, 78 proficiency test blood and urine samples, and 1,645 blood and urine samples from authentic cases samples demonstrated effective detection of target analytes in forensic casework. By increasing the analytical scope of multiple drug classes via a single method, this technique detects drugs that may have previously gone undetected, such as flualprazolam, etizolam, mitragynine, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, and psilocin, and improves laboratory efficiency by reducing the number of tests required. The described method is, to the authors’ best knowledge, the only published single procedure to meet all drugs listed in the drafted ASB/ANSI standard, and recommended Tier 1 and traditional drugs from Tier 2 for DUID screening, whilst also achieving many drugs recommended for DFC and postmortem testing.

Oral Fluid Drug Testing: Analytical Approaches, Issues and Interpretation of Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie A Desrosiers ◽  
Marilyn A Huestis
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractWith advances in analytical technology and new research informing result interpretation, oral fluid (OF) testing has gained acceptance over the past decades as an alternative biological matrix for detecting drugs in forensic and clinical settings. OF testing offers simple, rapid, non-invasive, observed specimen collection. This article offers a review of the scientific literature covering analytical methods and interpretation published over the past two decades for amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, and benzodiazepines. Several analytical methods have been published for individual drug classes and, increasingly, for multiple drug classes. The method of OF collection can have a significant impact on the resultant drug concentration. Drug concentrations for amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, and benzodiazepines are reviewed in the context of the dosing condition and the collection method. Time of last detection is evaluated against several agencies' cutoffs, including the proposed Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, European Workplace Drug Testing Society and Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines cutoffs. A significant correlation was frequently observed between matrices (i.e., between OF and plasma or blood concentrations); however, high intra-subject and inter-subject variability precludes prediction of blood concentrations from OF concentrations. This article will assist individuals in understanding the relative merits and limitations of various methods of OF collection, analysis and interpretation.

Simultaneous Determination of Epinephrine and Tyrosine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Amplified with ZnO-Pt/CNTs Nanocomposite

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Samadzadeh ◽  
Iran Sheikhshoaie ◽  
Hassan Karimi-Maleh
Keyword(s):  
Glassy Carbon Electrode ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Linear Dynamic ◽  
Biological Compounds ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Human Blood And Urine

Background: Simultaneous analysis of epinephrine and tyrosine as two effective and important biological compounds in human blood and urine samples are very important for the investigation of human health. Objective: In this research, a highly effective voltammetric sensor fabricated for simultaneous analysis of epinephrine and tyrosine. The sensor was fabricated by the modification of glassy carbon electrode with ZnO-Pt/CNTs nanocomposite (ZnO-Pt/CNTs/GCE). The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by SEM method. The ZnO-Pt/CNTs/GCE showed two separated oxidation signals at potential ~220 mV and 700 mV for epinephrine and tyrosine, respectively. Also, we detected linear dynamic ranges 0.5-250.0 µM and 1.0-220 µM with a limit of detections 0.1 µM and 0.5 µM for the determination of epinephrine and tyrosine, respectively. The ZnO-Pt/CNTs/GCE was used for the determination of epinephrine and tyrosine in blood serum and human urine samples.

Hollow fiber supported liquid-phase microextraction combined with maltodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis for the determination of citalopram enantiomers in urine samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2012-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Abolhasani ◽  
Hamid Reza Jafariyan ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi khataei ◽  
Rahim Hosseinzadeh-khanmiri ◽  
Ebrahim Ghorbani-kalhor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Liquid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Supported Liquid Phase

A simple method was developed for the separation and determination of citalopram enantiomers in urine samples.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF A RAPID TEST WITH bPAG ELISA IN PREGNANCY DIAGNOSIS IN COWS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475-1481
Author(s):  
O. I. Dana ◽  
R. H. Mukhtar ◽  
M. O. Mohammed ◽  
H. O. Dyary
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
In Pregnancy

Early pregnancy detection is vital for properly managing livestock farms by re-inseminating nonpregnant females and minimizing the calving intervals. The present investigation was executed to compare a rapid test (Dairy Cow Pregnancy Test from Span Biotech Ltd. Shenzhen, China) with a commercial bPAG ELISA test (IDEXX®) for pregnancy diagnosis in non-descriptive cows. The study also aimed to elucidate if the rapid test could be an alternative method to ELISA in the field. Blood and urine samples were collected from 43 cows to measure the concentrations of bovine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (bPAGs) in the blood samples and detect progesterone via the rapid test in the urine samples. Examining the genital tracts was achieved after slaughtering the cows to determine the uterus’ state, used as the reference standard for both tests. The results showed that the bPAG ELISA test was more accurate in pregnancy detection than the rapid test. However, there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between both methods’ results. We conclude that the rapid test can be a suitable alternative method to the bPAG ELISA test for diagnosing pregnancy in cows in field conditions.

scholarly journals Intravenous Infusion Tests Have Limited Utility for Selecting Long-term Drug Therapy in Patients with Chronic Pain

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Cohen ◽  
Shruti G. Kapoor ◽  
James P. Rathmell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Poor Responders ◽  
Intravenous Lidocaine ◽  
Temporary Relief ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Convincing Data

Since the first description in the early 1990s, the scope of intravenous infusions tests has expanded to encompass multiple drug classes and indications. Purported advantages of these tests include elucidating mechanisms of pain, providing temporary relief of symptoms, and usefulness as prognostic tools in guiding drug therapy. In an attempt to discern the value of these tests, the authors conducted a systematic review to explore the rationale and evidence behind the following intravenous infusion tests: lidocaine, ketamine, opioid, and phentolamine. The studies evaluating all intravenous infusion tests were characterized by lack of standardization, wide variations in outcome measures, and methodological flaws. The strongest evidence found was for the intravenous lidocaine test, with the phentolamine test characterized by the least convincing data. Whereas intravenous opioid infusions are the most conceptually appealing test, their greatest utility may be in predicting poor responders to sustained-release formulations.

Nicotine and tyrosine detection in blood and urine samples using taurine/reactive blue-immobilized conducting polymer composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Chul Lee ◽  
Hui-Bog Noh ◽  
Khalil K. Hussain ◽  
Su-Jin Min ◽  
Yoon-Bo Shim
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples

Significance of arsenic and lead in Hashimoto's thyroiditis demonstrated on thyroid tissue, blood, and urine samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 109538
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Stojsavljević ◽  
Branislav Rovčanin ◽  
Jovana Jagodić ◽  
Danijela Drašković Radojković ◽  
Ivan Paunović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Drug Addiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruyan Wu ◽  
Jun-Xu Li
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Tlr4 Signaling ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Downstream Effectors ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses

The emphasis of neuronal alterations and adaptations have long been the main focus of the studies of the mechanistic underpinnings of drug addiction. Recent studies have begun to appreciate the role of innate immune system, especially toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in drug reward-associated behaviors and physiology. Drugs like opioids, alcohol and psychostimulants activate TLR4 signaling and subsequently induce proinflammatory responses, which in turn contributes to the development of drug addiction. Inhibition of TLR4 or its downstream effectors attenuated the reinforcing effects of opioids, alcohol and psychostimulants, and this effect is also involved in the withdrawal and relapse-like behaviors of different drug classes. However, conflicting results also argue that TLR4-related immune response may play a minimal part in drug addiction. This review discussed the preclinical evidence that whether TLR4 signaling is involved in multiple drug classes action and the possible mechanisms underlying this effect. Moreover, clinical studies which examined the potential efficacy of immune-base pharmacotherapies in treating drug addiction are also discussed.

A fast and simple approach for the quantification of 40 illicit drugs, medicines, and pesticides in blood and urine samples by UHPLC-MS/MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 600-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. W. S. E. Franco de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre D. Zucoloto ◽  
Carolina D. R. de Oliveira ◽  
Edna M. M. Hernandez ◽  
Ligia V. G. Fruchtengarten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples
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