scholarly journals Can the Addition of Odor and Visual Targets Enhance Attraction of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) to Sticky Traps?

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2563-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Khadka ◽  
Sandra A Allan ◽  
Daniel Cho ◽  
Emma N I Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

Abstract Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, negatively impacts the citrus industry as it transmits Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the causal agent of citrus greening. Monitoring D. citri population levels is critical for management of vectors and citrus greening and is usually through use of yellow sticky traps. In our study, use of odors, odor blends, and visual targets were evaluated to determine whether attraction to yellow sticky traps could be improved. Methyl salicylate consistently increased D. citri attraction to decoy yellow but not to other yellow or yellow/green traps. Addition of a visual target did not enhance attraction to sticky traps. While several chemical blends were evaluated, they did not increase psyllid attraction to decoy yellow traps. The increased attraction to traps with methyl salicylate is promising and may contribute to trapping efficiency under field conditions.

scholarly journals Tracing Penicillin Movement in Citrus Plants Using Fluorescence-Labeled Penicillin

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Nabil Killiny ◽  
Pedro Gonzalez-Blanco ◽  
Yulica Santos-Ortega ◽  
Fuad Al-Rimawi ◽  
Amit Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus

Huánglóngbìng (HLB), citrus greening, is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus plants worldwide. In North America, HLB is caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. No cure exists at present, and the use of antibiotics for the control of HLB has gained interest due to the significant losses to the citrus industry. Because of unsatisfactory results when using foliar applications of antibiotics, concerns were raised regarding the uptake and translocation of these materials within trees. We, therefore, investigated a method that allows us to study the movement of antibiotic materials in citrus plants. Herein, we utilized a fluorescence-labeled penicillin, BOCILLIN™ FL-Penicillin (FL-penicillin), to study the uptake and translocation of penicillin in citrus plants. FL-penicillin was applied by puncture to the stem of young citrus seedlings and was traced by using fluorescence microscopy. After application, we detected FL-penicillin in the leaves and in the stem xylem and phloem tissues above and below the application site in both intact and partially bark-girdled citrus seedlings, indicating that it is easily taken up and transported through the plant vascular system. In addition, we detected FL-penicillin in the gut of D. citri, which were allowed to feed on the treated plants, suggesting translocation of this molecule into the vascular tissue. We propose that the use of fluorescent-labeled molecules could be an effective tool for understanding the uptake and translocation of antibiotics and other macromolecules in plants and insects.

Effect of Trap Size on Efficiency of Yellow Sticky Traps for Sampling Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Adults in Corn

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Youngman ◽  
T. P. Kuhar ◽  
D. G. Midgarden
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trap Size ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

Field studies were conducted in Virginia cornfields in 1990 and 1991 to evaluate the effect of trap size on numbers of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte adults caught on unbaited Pherocon AM and Olson yellow sticky traps. No significant differences in trapping efficiency (i.e., catch per unit area) were detected on Pherocon AM traps whose sizes had been reduced by either 50% or 75% when compared with standard Pherocon AM no-bait traps. Likewise, no significant difference in trapping efficiency was detected between Olson traps whose sizes had been reduced 50% and full-size Olson traps (212.9 cm2). However, significantly more western corn rootworm adults per unit area were caught on Olson yellow sticky traps compared to Pherocon AM traps whose sizes had been reduced 50%. Comparative costs and precision values for reduced-size Pherocon AM and Olson yellow sticky traps are discussed.

Effect of trap design and weather factors on relative efficiency of yellow sticky traps for sampling aphids in groundnut

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Jasrotia ◽  
M. V. Nataraja ◽  
G. Harish ◽  
Ram Dutta ◽  
S. D. Savaliya
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Round Plate ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

The present investigations were carried to evaluate the trapping efficiency of three different yellow sticky traps for monitoring of aphid population in groundnut with relation to weather factors. The aphid population was found comparatively higher during January to March every year. The number of aphid (alates) caught was significantly higher on inverted dust bin traps followed by round plate traps and rectangular tray trap.

Abundance of Asian Citrus Psyllid on Yellow Sticky Traps in Florida, Puerto Rico, and Texas Citrus Groves

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Flores ◽  
David G. Hall ◽  
David A. Jenkins ◽  
Mamoudou Setamou
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

scholarly journals Progress Toward an Attract-and-Kill Device for Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Using Volatile Signatures of Citrus Infected With Huanglongbing as the Attractant

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Martini ◽  
Angelique Hoyte ◽  
Agenor Mafra-Neto ◽  
Alexander A Aksenov ◽  
Cristina E Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacterium ◽  
Geranyl Acetone ◽  
Attract And Kill ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Citrus Orchards

Abstract Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama), preferentially orient toward citrus hosts infected with the phytopathogenic bacterium, Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) the agent of citrus greening (Huanglongbing, HLB), compared to uninfected counterparts. We investigated whether this preference for the odors of infected plants could be useful for the development of an attract-and-kill (AK) device for D. citri. Twenty-nine blends of volatile organic compounds derived from the odor of citrus infected with CLas were tested in laboratory olfactometer tests, and two blends were also assessed under field conditions. A seven component blend of tricosane: geranial: methyl salicylate: geranyl acetone: linalool: phenylacetaldehyde: (E)-β-ocimene in a 0.40: 0.06: 0.08: 0.29: 0.08: 0.06: 0.03 ratio released from a proprietary slow-release matrix attracted twice more D. citri to yellow sticky traps compared with blank control traps. The attractive blend was subsequently co-formulated with spinosad insecticide into a slow-release matrix to create a prototype AK formulation against D. citri. This formulation effectively reduced the population density of D. citri up to 84% as measured with tap counts when deployed at a density of eight 2.5 g dollops per tree as compared with untreated controls in small plot field trials conducted in citrus orchards. Psyllid populations were not statistically affected at a deployment rate of four dollops per tree. Our results indicate that an AK formulation incorporating spinosad and a volatile blend signature of citrus greening into a slow-release matrix may be useful to suppress D. citri populations.

scholarly journals Silencing of Aquaporin Homologue Accumulates Uric Acid and Decreases the Lifespan of the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Yulica Santos-Ortega ◽  
Nabil Killiny
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Good Target ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is devastating the citrus industry worldwide. It transmits ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, the pathogen of Huanglongbing in citrus. RNA interference is an excellent tool for functional genomics and for screening target genes for pest control. Herein, we silenced the aquaporin (AQP) gene (DcAQP) homologue in D. citri to study its functionality and whether it could be a good target for a control strategy. AQP is an integral membrane channel protein that aids in the rapid flux of water and other small solutes that move across the lipid membrane. In Hemiptera, it is well established that AQP plays important roles in adjusting to physiological challenges including (1) regulating osmotic stress between the gut lumen and hemolymph after imbibing large quantities of a low nitrogen, sugar-rich liquid diet; (2) avoiding or preventing dehydration and desiccation; and (3) surviving at elevated temperatures. The dsRNA-DcAQP was applied twice to nymphs of the 4th and 5th instars through a soaking technique. Silencing AQP caused a significant increase in nymph mortality. Emerged adults showed malformations and a shorter lifespan. Silencing DcAQP provoked alterations in some metabolites and increased the uric acid content in emerged adults. DcAQP could be a useful target to control D. citri.

Knockdown of calreticulin, laccase, and Snf7 Genes Through RNAi Is Not Effective to Control the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Livideae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2931-2940
Author(s):  
Jéssika Angelotti-Mendonça ◽  
Meire M Bassan ◽  
João Paulo R Marques ◽  
Pedro T Yamamoto ◽  
Antonio Figueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Knockdown Effect ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter

Abstract The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, transmits the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter associated with huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease of the citrus industry. The use of genetically modified plants is an alternative to control this vector. Conversely, technology based on RNA interference (RNAi) for silencing specific genes of a target insect could be attempted. This work evaluated the knockdown effect of the target genes calreticulin (DcCRT), laccase (DcLAC), and Snf7 (DcSnf7) by RNAi through feeding D. citri in Murraya paniculata leaves after the uptake of an aqueous solution with dsRNA homologous to each vector target gene. Confocal microscopy revealed the uptake of the fluorescent-labeled dsRNA by detached leaves and the symplastic movement, allowing the ingestion by the feeding insect. A reduction in the survival rate was observed only 144 h after the beginning of feeding with dsRNA targeting DcSnf7; however, no reduction in transcript accumulation. The knockdown of the DcCRT and DcLAC genes was detected only 12 and 96 h after insect feeding, respectively. Additionally, a reduction in amino acid excretion from insects fed with dsRNA targets to DcCRT and DcLAC was observed 120 h after the beginning of feeding. However, the effects of the dsRNAs tested here appear to be minimal, both at the transcriptional and phenotype levels. For most concentrations and time points, no effects were observed. Therefore, the knockdown of genes DcCRT, DcLAC, and DcSnf7 do not appear to have the potential to control of D. citri through RNAi-mediated gene silencing.

scholarly journals Uptake, Translocation, and Stability of Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin in Citrus Plants

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad Al-Rimawi ◽  
Faraj Hijaz ◽  
Yasser Nehela ◽  
Ozgur Batuman ◽  
Nabil Killiny
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Effective Program ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Root Tissues

Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is the most destructive disease to the citrus industry. In Florida, it is caused by the bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Recent studies suggested that antibiotics could inhibit the growth of the CLas pathogen in planta. In the current study, we investigated the uptake and translocation of oxytetracycline and streptomycin in citrus seedlings. Oxytetracycline and streptomycin were delivered via root and stem and their level in various tissues was monitored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxytetracycline and streptomycin were detected in the leaves, xylem, phloem, and root after root drench and stem delivery. High levels of antibiotics were detected in the roots after root drench, whereas high levels of antibiotics were detected in the canopy after stem delivery. The level of oxytetracycline detected in the phloem, xylem, and leaves after root drench was higher than that of streptomycin. Whereas the level of streptomycin in root was higher than that of oxytetracycline, indicating that streptomycin was bound to the xylem tissues. Oxytetracycline and streptomycin were detected in the phloem, xylem, leaves, and root tissues thirty-five days after the root incubation in 200 µg·mL−1 solution. These results demonstrated that oxytetracycline and streptomycin were relatively stable and could inhibit CLas growth for a couple of months in citrus trees. Observations reported in this study regarding the distribution and stability of oxytetracycline and streptomycin in citrus plants could be useful for designing an effective program for the control of HLB disease using antibiotics.

Yellow Sticky Traps for Monitoring Males and Two Parasitoids of Oracella acuta (Lobdell) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)2

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghua Sun ◽  
Stephen R. Clarke ◽  
Gary L. DeBarr ◽  
C. Wayne Berisford
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Program Monitoring ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

Yellow sticky traps were tested as a method of monitoring populations of males and parasitoids of the mealybug, Oracella acuta (Lobdell). Male O.acuta were captured even when female populations appeared very low. The parasitoids, Allotropa n. sp. and Zarhopalus debarri Sun, were trapped less frequently than O. acuta males, and more traps or longer trapping periods were required to adequately monitor their populations. Significantly more males than females of Z.debarri were trapped, suggesting that yellow traps were more attractive to males, or that males disperse more than females. Yellow sticky traps could be used as part of a biological control program monitoring the establishment and spread of O. acuta and its parasitoids in China.

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