Geographic Variation in Dominance of Spinosad Resistance in Colorado Potato Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coby Klein ◽  
Mitchell Baker ◽  
Andrei Alyokhin ◽  
David Mota-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Long Island ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
High Level

Abstract Eastern New York State is frequently the site of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say) populations with the highest observed levels of insecticide resistance to a range of active ingredients. The dominance of a resistant phenotype will affect its rate of increase and the potential for management. On organic farms on Long Island, L. decemlineata evolved high levels of resistance to spinosad in a short period of time and that resistance has spread across the eastern part of the Island. Resistance has also emerged in other parts of the country as well. To clarify the level of dominance or recessiveness of spinosad resistance in different parts of the United States and how resistance differs in separate beetle populations, we sampled in 2010 beetle populations from Maine, Michigan, and Long Island. In addition, a highly resistant Long Island population was assessed in 2012. All populations were hybridized with a laboratory-susceptible strain to determine dominance. None of the populations sampled in 2010 were significantly different from additive resistance, but the Long Island population sampled in 2012 was not significantly different from fully recessive. Recessive inheritance of high-level resistance may help manage its increase.

Timing of Pleistocene glacial events in New York State

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1829-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest H. Muller ◽  
Parker E. Calkin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Long Island ◽  
New York State ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Atlantic Seaboard ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Lake Drainage ◽  
Allegheny Plateau ◽  
High Level

This review of age data for the Pleistocene of New York identifies both strengths and weaknesses in the temporal framework relating the glacial chronology of the Great Lakes region to that of the middle Atlantic seaboard. The pre-Wisconsinan record involves saprolith and till in the Adirondack Mountains, marine clay on Long Island, multiple tills at Fernbank, Otto, and Gowanda, and major drainage derangement of the Allegheny River. Middle Wisconsinan ice spread into the Allegheny Plateau, damming high-level lakes in Cayuga Trough and southern Ontario. Long Island pollen data show late Middle Wisconsinan warming, the Plum Point Interstade. Glacially overridden organic matter at Rush Creek, Lord Hill, and St. Davids shows that this episode ended by 24 000 BP. Maximum Late Wisconsinan glaciation occurred during the Nissouri Stade, 21 750 – 18 570 BP. The concept of an Erie Interstade implies that ice recession, 15 000 – 16 000 BP, permitted lake drainage across New York. New York evidence allows this interpretation, but fails to establish the extent of ice withdrawal. Port Bruce drift incorporates Erie Interstade lake sediments. Radiocarbon data at Nichols Brook suggest that Valley Heads recession began by 14 000 BP. About 13 000 BP, the Port Huron Advance to the Hamburg Moraine dammed Lake Whittlesey. Subsequent glacial recession opened eastward drainage before readvance restored Lake Warren. By 12 000 BP, Lake Iroquois occupied the Ontario plain. Pollen data indicate that marine incursion of the St. Lawrence Valley occurred 500–1000 years later than suggested by shell dates.

Seasonal Activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Southern New York State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P Piedmonte ◽  
Vanessa C Vinci ◽  
Thomas J Daniels ◽  
Bryon P Backenson ◽  
Richard C Falco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Human Bite

Abstract The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, is a species native to eastern Asia that has recently been discovered in the United States. In its native range, H. longicornis transmits pathogens that cause disease in humans and livestock. It is currently unknown whether H. longicornis will act as a vector in the United States. Understanding its seasonal activity patterns will be important in identifying which times of the year represent greatest potential risk to humans and livestock should this species become a threat to animal or public health. A study site was established in Yonkers, NY near the residence associated with the first reported human bite from H. longicornis in the United States. Ticks were collected once each week from July 2018 to November 2019. Haemaphysalis longicornis larvae were most active from August to November, nymphs from April to July, and adult females from June to September. This pattern of activity suggests that H. longicornis is capable of completing a generation within a single year and matches the patterns observed in its other ranges in the northern hemisphere. The data presented here contribute to a growing database for H. longicornis phenology in the northeastern United States. Potential implications of the short life cycle for the tick’s vectorial capacity are discussed.

Abstract 12259: Epidemiology of Valvular Heart Diseases: A 30-Year Retrospective of Hospitalizations and In-Hospital Mortality in New York State

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis G Supino ◽  
Ofek Y Hai ◽  
Nasimullah Khan ◽  
Jeffrey S Borer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
New York State ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
York State ◽  
Death Risk ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Background: Valvular heart disease (VHD) is among the most predictable causes of heart failure (HF) and an important cause of sudden death. Temporal trends of clinically significant VHD during the past three decades have not been defined. Methods: To obtain information for our region, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of all inpatient hospital records (79,689,879) obtained from the New York State (NYS) Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database for years 1983 (first year reliable data were consistently available) through 2012 (last year data were complete). VHD cases (2,720,313) were identified from principal or secondary ICD-9 codes for aortic, mitral, tricuspid or pulmonic VHD. Linear regression was used to evaluate trends over time for VHD hospitalizations, valve surgery (VS) and in-hospital deaths. Logistic regression was used to predict mortality risk factors. Results: From 1983-2012, total hospitalizations decreased by ~500,000 cases; simultaneously, VHD hospitalizations increased markedly (34,395 in 1983 to 125,139 in 2012). Rate of increase was linear across all VHD categories = 4,248 new cases (12.4%)/yr, r 2 = 0.99, p<.0001) through 2006 (peak= 132,323 cases), and then flattened through 2012. A parallel trend was found for VS, though no appreciable flattening occurred (2,582 cases in 1983 to 7,787 in 2012, linearized increase rate=207 VS [8.0%]/yr, r 2 =0.97, p<.001). Both numbers of hospitalizations and performance of VS rose with patient age (p<.001). Over the study interval, 123,787 patients with VHD died in the hospital, including 9,272 who died after VS; avg case fatality rates were 4.6% (all VHD) and 6.4% (VS). Deaths were independently associated with advancing age, nonelective admission and presence of associated HF (p<.0001, all). Male gender predicted increased death risk among the general VHD population; female gender predicted death risk among those undergoing VS. Conclusions: The incidence of VHD hospitalization and VS in NYS has risen substantially since the early 1980s and can be expected to rise further as the population ages. Thus, intensive planning is needed to deal with public health implications of these trends as we attempt to meet the growing needs of this patient population.

Problems of Russia’s Integration into the Global Financial System

2015 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
A. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Global Financial System

The author examines problems of Russia’s integration into the global financial system since early 1990s. During this short period of time Russia has turned from a net debtor into a net creditor. This is evidenced by its current net international investment position, as well as by active participation in the formation of credit resources of the key international financial institutions, particularly IMF. Still, the net investment income of Russia is negative. Such a disadvantage is explained by the difference in interest rates between payments of Russia on its external obligations and receipts as income from investments in foreign assets, mainly low-income bonds of developed countries, which form Russian international reserves. For three centuries the United Kingdom and the United States have been playing key role in the development of the global financial system. Today London and New York still operate nearly two thirds of the volume of global flows of capital in the international financial markets. Thus, as one of major economies in terms of GDP and as a resource-richest country of the world, Russia, as author argues, can rightfully claim for a more adequate share of income from the global financial intermediation. Obstacles include the lack of development of the domestic financial market and insufficient international demand for financial instruments denominated in Rubles. Russian Ruble remains a purely internal currency which practically is not used in the international trading and financial operations. At this stage, Russia’s inability to influence the basic conditions of refinancing on international capital markets, as well as the recent Western sanctions make impossible the full-scale participation of Russia in the processes of financial globalization. The author concludes that alternative way of Russia’s entry into the global financial system lays in playing the key role in the creation of the regional financial market of the Eurasian Economic Space.

Management of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in England and the state of New York: A comparative case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Amy Barber, BSc ◽  
Annaëlle Vinzent, BS ◽  
Imani Williams, BA
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Protective Equipment

Background: The COVID-19 crisis placed extraordinary demands on the supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) at the beginning of 2020. These were coupled with shocks to the supply chain resulting from the disease. Many typically well-resourced health systems faced subsequent shortages of equipment and had to implement new strategies to manage their stocks. Stockpiles of protective equipment were held in both the United States and United Kingdom intended to prevent shortages. Method: Cross-comparative case study approach by applying Pettigrew and Whipp’s framework for change management. Setting: The health systems of England and New York state from January 2020 to the end of April 2020. Results: Both cases reacted slowly to their outbreaks and faced problems with supplying enough PPE to their health systems. Their stockpiles were not enough to prevent shortages, with many distribution problems resulting from inadequate governance mechanisms. No sustainable responses to supply disruptions were implemented during the study period in either case. Health systems planned interventions along each part of the supply chain from production and importing, to usage guidelines. Conclusion: Global supply chains are vulnerable to disruptions caused by international crises, and existing mitigation strategies have not been wholly successful. The existence of stockpiles is insufficient to preventing shortages of necessary equipment in clinical settings. Both the governance and quality of stockpiles, as well as distribution channels are important for preventing shortages. At the time of writing, it is not possible to judge the strength of strategies adopted in these cases.

scholarly journals A statewide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in New York

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Lasek-Nesselquist ◽  
Navjot Singh ◽  
Alexis Russell ◽  
Daryl Lamson ◽  
John Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Westchester County

AbstractNew York State, in particular the New York City metropolitan area, was the early epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States. Similar to initial pandemic dynamics in many metropolitan areas, multiple introductions from various locations appear to have contributed to the swell of positive cases. However, representation and analysis of samples from New York regions outside the greater New York City area were lacking, as were SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the earliest cases associated with the Westchester County outbreak, which represents the first outbreak recorded in New York State. The Wadsworth Center, the public health laboratory of New York State, sought to characterize the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across the entire state of New York from March to September with the addition of over 600 genomes from under-sampled and previously unsampled New York counties and to more fully understand the breadth of the initial outbreak in Westchester County. Additional sequencing confirmed the dominance of B.1 and descendant lineages (collectively referred to as B.1.X) in New York State. Community structure, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses suggested that the Westchester outbreak was associated with continued transmission of the virus throughout the state, even after travel restrictions and the on-pause measures of March, contributing to a substantial proportion of the B.1 transmission clusters as of September 30th, 2020.

scholarly journals Unseasonal Transmission of H3N2 Influenza A Virus During the Swine-Origin H1N1 Pandemic

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 5715-5718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Ghedin ◽  
David E. Wentworth ◽  
Rebecca A. Halpin ◽  
Xudong Lin ◽  
Jayati Bera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
York State ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
H3n2 Influenza

ABSTRACT The initial wave of swine-origin influenza A virus (pandemic H1N1/09) in the United States during the spring and summer of 2009 also resulted in an increased vigilance and sampling of seasonal influenza viruses (H1N1 and H3N2), even though they are normally characterized by very low incidence outside of the winter months. To explore the nature of virus evolution during this influenza “off-season,” we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of H1N1 and H3N2 sequences sampled during April to June 2009 in New York State. Our analysis revealed that multiple lineages of both viruses were introduced and cocirculated during this time, as is typical of influenza virus during the winter. Strikingly, however, we also found strong evidence for the presence of a large transmission chain of H3N2 viruses centered on the south-east of New York State and which continued until at least 1 June 2009. These results suggest that the unseasonal transmission of influenza A viruses may be more widespread than is usually supposed.

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