scholarly journals Rainfall risk, fertility and development: evidence from farm settlements during the American demographic transition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Buffer Stock ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Income Shocks ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Fertility Differential ◽  
Over Time

Abstract I analyze whether variation in rainfall risk played a role in the demographic transition. The hypothesis is that children constituted a buffer stock of labor that could be mobilized in response to income shocks. Identification relies on fertility differences between farm and non-farm households within counties and over time. The results suggest that in areas with a high variance in rainfall the fertility differential was significantly higher than in areas with a low variance in rainfall. This channel is robust to other relevant forces and the spatial correlation in fertility. The effect disappeared as irrigation systems and agricultural machinery emerged.

scholarly journals Persistent vs. Permanent Income Shocks in the Buffer-Stock Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe Druedahl ◽  
Thomas H. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Income ◽  
Buffer Stock ◽  
Income Shocks ◽  
Stock Model

AbstractWe investigate the effects of assuming a

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants in Response to Age of Transplants

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Leskovar ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Over Time

Studies were conducted to evaluate growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in the field in response to age of transplants in Spring and Fall 1989. Transplants were 2 (2W), 3 (3W), 4 (4W), 5 (SW), or 6 (6W) weeks old. Drip and subseepage irrigation were used. In spring, older transplants produced more shoot and root growth up to 2 (T2) weeks after transplanting. At 3 (T3) and 4 (T4) weeks after transplanting, there were no differences between 4W, 5W, and 6W transplants. These trends were independent of irrigation systems. Total yield and early yield were similar for all transplant ages. In fall, shoot growth increased linearly with increasing transplant age at TO, but not thereafter. Chlorophyll a + b increased over time, but no treatment differences were found at T4. At planting, 2W transplants had a higher Chl a: b ratio than older transplants. This difference was reduced at T1 and T2 and became insignificant at T4. These results indicate that no improvement in yields was obtained using the traditional older transplants. Younger transplants might be used to achieve rapid seedling establishment with-minimal transplant production costs.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION IN SOIL CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE IN DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Wagner Gonçalves Vieira Junior ◽  
Diogo Jânio de Carvalho Matos ◽  
Jadson Belem de Moura ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Julio Cesar Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
The One ◽  
Resistance To Penetration ◽  
Over Time

Sugarcane has its productivity influenced by the availability of water and nutrients. Being the understanding of the influence of the irrigation system over time on soil compaction is important for the improvement of the management adopted in the production of this crop. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the influence of the three irrigation systems: pivot and reel, reainfed, and reel, on the resistance to root penetration of the sugarcane crop, in a period of six years. The work was carried out under field conditions, in the experimental design of a 3 x 6 factorial scheme in 24 replicates, in which the first factor consists of three irrigation systems: conventional (clean water) reel; pivot and reel (fertigation); and rainfed cultivation. And the second factor is related to different periods under irrigation: Cane-plant area, second cut area, third cut area, fourth cut area, fifth cut area, reaching the sixth cut. A penetrometer was used to determine the resistance to root penetration. At the end of this experiment, the results showed that the use of the pivot and reel irrigation system is the one that least affects the resistance to soil penetration, being the most suitable for use

scholarly journals Buffer-Stock Saving and Households' Response to Income Shocks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Fella ◽  
Serafin Frache ◽  
Winfried Koeniger
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Stock ◽  
Income Shocks

Understanding the Dynamics of Migration from Bangladesh to Tripura: Insights from Census Reports

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

The changing character of immigration over time in Tripura led to a huge demographic transition which is rare in the demographic history of the world. The study attempted to assess the distribution of documented Bangladeshi immigrants in Tripura and measure the trend and pattern of Bangladeshi immigration in the state. The study was based on secondary data computed from the migration tables under the D-series of census reports (1991,2001 and 2011) to deal with the study's objectives. The study has explored that almost 99 per cent of the total reported immigrants were from Bangladesh. The results revealed that female counterparts had outstripped the male Bangladeshi immigrants while the overall size of the immigrants was diminishing.

The Contrasting Effects of Education on Fertility over Time Casalguidi, 1819–1960

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Matteo Manfredini ◽  
Marco Breschi ◽  
Alessio Fornasin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Transitional Phase ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Education has been frequently claimed to shape demographic outcomes. Mortality, fertility, and nuptiality have all been attested to be affected to some extent by education attainment. This article investigates the effects of education on fertility over time in a rural Italian community once controlled for potential confounders. Using individual-level data drawn from various sources, the study analyzes the role of education in shaping reproductive behaviors not only during the demographic transition (1890–1960) but also in the pretransitional period (1819–59). The results highlight the contrasting effects of literacy on fertility, which passed from a positive association in the ancien régime to a negative one in the transitional phase. Educated couples were therefore forerunners in the process of fertility decline because they were not only in the position to be the most pressed to control reproduction but also because they were likely aware of reproductive mechanisms, had the knowledge of more effective birth-control methods, had the economic possibility to get them, and had the necessary capacity to use them.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of foreign experience in accounting of machine and tractor fleet depreciation in agricultural organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
A. A. Efremov ◽  
I. L. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Conceptual Overview ◽  
Repair Cycle ◽  
Over Time

The article presents a conceptual overview of modern approaches to accounting for depreciation of machine and tractor fleet in agrarian production used in different countries of the world. The emphasis is placed on the agricultural specifics, which determines the use of certain methods and tools for calculating depreciation charges. The mechanism of the influence of the operating conditions of agricultural machinery on the choice of the organization’s depreciation policy, as well as the distinctive principles of management accounting for depreciation at agricultural enterprises, is disclosed, the possibilities of taking into account a number of specific factors in the process of determining depreciation are considered – inflation, uneven operation of equipment, its repair cycle, etc. The problem of scientifically based distribution of the value of long-term assets over time is touched upon.

scholarly journals The Dynamics and Dilemmas of the Niger Delta: A Discourse on Insecurity and Demographic Transition

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezebunwa E. Nwokocha
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Failed State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Over Time

Until recently, the Niger Delta was distinctive for empowering and transforming lives. The relative advantage of its cities blurred the inherent multidimensional consequences of oil exploration on the environment. Over time, the effects of oil spills on the inhabitants were massive. The people’s agony was exacerbated by perceived governmental neglect which accounted for the amplification of frustration and aggression among a large majority of the poor that constitute more than three-quarters of the population. As a result, different categories of individuals became activists committed to peaceful protests. However, with a plethora of insensitive and irresponsible governments, the legitimate means soon evolved into militancy, political thuggery and assassinations. Consequently, Niger Delta communities became synonymous with insecurity, pseudo-governance and youth restiveness. This article examined the trends and dimensions of the unholy dynamics that drove demographic transition in the region by highlighting the connections between the dilemma of a failed state and underdevelopment.

scholarly journals Buffer-Stock Saving and Households' Response to Income Shocks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Fella ◽  
Serafin Frache ◽  
Winfried Koeniger
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Stock ◽  
Income Shocks
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