scholarly journals Fractionated Extracts From Gnidia kraussiana (Malvales: Thymeleaceae) as Bioactive Phytochemicals for Effective Management of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Stored Vigna unguiculata (Fabales: Fabaceae) Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kosini ◽  
E N Nukenine ◽  
G A Agbor ◽  
A T Tchinda ◽  
J P Abdou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Abstract One of the most important global problems is protecting food from insect pests. The negative effects of synthetic insecticides on human health led to a resurgence of interest in botanical insecticides due to their minimal ecological side effects. Therefore, the insecticidal potential of hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts of Gnidia kraussiana Meisn roots at 1 and 5g/kg, and neem seed oil (NSO), used as standard insecticide, were evaluated. Ovicidal and larvicidal toxicity was tested by treating freshly laid eggs and larvae at different immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (L.) Walp seed damage and weight loss were assessed after a storage period of 4 mo. Repellency effects were detected in choice test using a linear olfactometer. All the fractions were toxic to C. maculatus; however, their bioactivities were inversely correlated with products polarity. Extracts proved to be more toxic than the commercial NSO. The acetone extract was more effective against immature stages of C. maculatus than the methanol extract; eggs, first-, and second-instar larvae being the more susceptible. No cowpea seed damage and weight loss were recorded from the seeds treated with hexane and acetone extracts at the dosage of 5 g/kg, after 4 mo of storage. Extracts evoked stronger repellency effects compared with the tested standard insecticide. According to the above, hexane and acetone extracts are good candidates for incorporation in integrated pest management programs for the control of C. maculatus in stored cowpea seeds.

scholarly journals Measuring the nutritional cost of insect infestation of stored maize and cowpea

Food Security ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya E. Stathers ◽  
Sarah E. J. Arnold ◽  
Corinne J. Rumney ◽  
Clare Hopson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Iron And Zinc

AbstractOur understanding and prevention of postharvest losses are critical if we are to feed a growing global population. Insect infestation-related losses of stored commodities are typically considered only in terms of quantitative, physical weight loss. Insect infestation affects the nutritional value and some nutritional components are impacted more severely than others. We infested maize and cowpea grain with commonly occurring stored product insect pests, and mapped infestation levels against nutritional composition over a 4-to-6 month storage period to analyse how insect infestation relates to different macro- and micro-nutrient contents. Insect infestation decreased the carbohydrate content of the stored grains, causing a relative increase in the proportion of protein and fibre in the remaining grain, and moisture content also increased. Sitophilus zeamais preferentially fed in the floury endosperm of maize, resulting in more carbohydrate loss relative to protein loss. Conversely, Prostephanus truncatus consumed the germ and endosperm, disproportionately reducing the fat, protein, iron and zinc grain contents. Nutrients are distributed more homogenously within cowpea than in maize grains, but Callosobruchus maculatus infestation increased the relative protein, fat, iron and zinc to carbohydrate ratios. This indicates how the nutrient content of insect-infested stored grain depends upon the grain type, the infesting insect, and the infestation level. Insect infestation therefore has consequences for human nutrition beyond those of grain weight loss. Using data collected on the changing nutritional composition of grain over time, with and without insect infestation, we modelled the associations between infestation and nutritional quality to predict estimated nutritional losses that could be associated with consumption of insect-infested stored maize and cowpea.

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Clove, Neem and Eucalyptus Leaf Extract on Mating Behaviour, Oviposition and Adult Emergence of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mating Duration ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Pulse Beetle

Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to study the effects of garlic clove, neem and eucalyptus leaf extracts on mating behaviour, oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Intensity of seed damage and weight loss of gram seeds were also recorded. The results showed that the mating frequency, mating duration, oviposition, adult emergence of pulse beetle and weight loss of gram seeds were reduced significantly after application of the extracts. Among the extracts, neem leaf extracts showed lowest mating frequency (1), mating duration (3.66 minutes), lowest number of laid eggs (27.33), adult emergence (11.67), seed damage (6.89%) and weight loss (2.53%). On the other hand, garlic clove extract showed highest mating frequency (1.67), mating duration (4.67 minutes), highest number of laid eggs (40.33), adult emergence (18.66), seed damage (9.63%) and weight loss (3.73%). In the same way eucalyptus leaf extract showed 2nd highest mating frequency (1.5), mating duration (4.5 minutes), eggs laid (38.67), adult emergence (15.67), seed damage (9.25) and seed weight loss (3.33%). Considering efficacy of all extracts, it was found that the order of toxicity was neem leaf extract>eucalyptus leaf extract> garlic clove extract.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18164 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 93 - 97, 2007

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis on blackgram genotypes for bruchine (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) resistance towards selection of parental lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1206-1213
Author(s):  
Ragul Subramaniyan ◽  
Manivannan Narayana ◽  
Iyanar Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Ganapathy Natarajan ◽  
Karthikeyan Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Hybridization Programme

Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) is one of the most important pulse crops in daily diets. However, black gram production and post-harvest preservation are still tedious due to the losses caused by the storage pest bruchine, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), both quantitatively and qualitatively.   Hence, the present study involves the utilization of the multivariate analysis by effectively understanding variation among the genotypes based on their level of bruchine infestation. The multivariate studies indicated that the traits viz., the total number of adult emergence (AE), seed damage % (SD) and seed weight loss % (SWL) had more variation and with more significant correlation among them.  Also, these traits are the most influential principal component traits governing 88% of the variation among genotypes. The divergence analysis showed that the genotype TU 68 found in cluster II would have the potential to create the variation for bruchine infestation among the black gram genotypes involved in the study.  As it has scored lesser adult emergence (AE) (7 adults), seed damage % (SD) (14 %) and seed weight loss % (SWL) (17.79 %)  than the other genotypes. It shows the resistant nature of the genotype against bruchine beetles. Hence, TU 68 could be utilized in the future hybridization programme as a donor for bruchine resistance.

scholarly journals Survey of Insects that Attack Stored Bean Grains Vigna unguiculata (L.) and Phaseolus vulgaris L. in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiarles Tezolim Silva ◽  
Fábio Medeiros da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Zabrotes Subfasciatus ◽  
Porto Velho ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say

Abstract. Beans are a staple component of human diet. However, grain storage for consumption is difficult due to pest attack. The objective of the present study was to conduct a survey of insects acting on the beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Vigna unguiculata (L.) in commercial stores in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. Samples were collected in small, medium-sized, and large markets. Percent infestation and weight loss caused by insects was evaluated during nine weeks. For V. unguiculata, 3.70% infestation was recorded from store PT 7 and the medium-sized market; the most serious situation occurred on the fifth week, when infestation reached 2.93%; weight loss was recorded from PT2 and PT7, with 19.19 g and 23.57 g. For P. vulgaris, infestation reached 3.70% in material from PT6; in small markets, infestation attained 0.84%; on the ninth week, 1.29% was recorded; weight loss from insects infestation occurred in samples from PT1 and PT6, 18.50 g and 9.78 g. Insect species found were Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) and Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Insect infestation did not significantly differ between both bean species.Levantamento dos Insetos que Atacam os Grãos de Feijão Armazenado Vigna unguiculata (L.) e Phaseolus vulgaris L.em Porto Velho, Rondônia, BrasilResumo. O feijão é um componente fundamental na alimentação dos seres humanos. Entretanto, o armazenamento dos grãos para consumo se torna uma enorme dificuldade devido ao ataque de insetos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de insetos que atacam feijão armazenado Phaseolus vulgaris L. e Vigna unguiculata (L.) em estabelecimentos comerciais de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas em mercados de pequeno, médio e grande porte, nas quais foi avaliado o percentual de infestação e perda de peso ocasionado pelos insetos durante nove semanas. Para V. unguiculata PT 7 registrou 3,70% de infestação, o mercado de médio porte atingiu 3,70%, a 5ª semana foi a mais agravante alcançando 2,93% de infestação, já a perda de peso ocorreu em PT2 e PT7 sendo 19,19 g e 23,57 g. Para P. vulgaris a infestação em PT6 chegou a 3,70% , em mercados de porte pequeno a infestação resultou em 0,84%, na 9ª semana observou-se 1,29%, em relação a perda de peso por infestação de insetos ocorreram em PT1 e PT6, sendo de 18,50 g e 9,78 g. As espécies de insetos encontradas foram Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) e Acanthoscelides obtectus Say,em ambas as espécies de feijão não houve diferença significativa em relação as infestações pelas pragas.

Evaluation of leaf and vine powders of Secamone afzelii (Schult) K. Schum for control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
T. I. Ofuya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Treatment Number

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Secamone afzeliileaf and vine powders applied at the rate of 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g and 2.0g underambient laboratory conditions on Callosobruchus maculatus on stored cowpea.Mortality of adult insects at 48 h post treatment, number of eggs laid,adult emergence, adult exit holes and percentage weight loss in each treatmentwere compared with those of control. The results indicated that vinepowder caused significantly greater kill (P < 0.05) of C. maculatus adultswhen applied at 2.0g than other dosages. The application rate of 2.0g of leafpowder was able to cause reduction in number of eggs laid by the weevil(5.67/20g seed) and significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed adult emergence(21.12). Adult exit holes and percentage weight loss were significantly reducedat all levels of application. It is concluded that Secamone afzelii hasgreat potential for use as a plant‐based biopesticide for controlling C. maculatuson stored cowpea.

scholarly journals BIOATIVIDADE DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Croton blanchetianus Baill (Euphorbiaceae) SOBRE Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
Antonielson Bezarra da Silva ◽  
Carlos Romero Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Cláudia Helena Cysneiros Matos ◽  
Patryck Érmerson Monteiro dos Santos ◽  
Cilene Rejane Inácio de Magalhães Lira
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Stored Grains ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Petri Dishes

Foi avaliada a toxicidade, por contato, a taxa de oviposição e emergência de C. maculatus em grãos de feijão-caupi tratados com o óleo essencial de Croton blanchetianus e o efeito residual em diferentes períodos de armazenamento, sendo, ainda, determinadas as concentrações letais (CL50 e CL90). O teste de toxicidade por contato e taxas de oviposição e emergência de C. maculatus foi realizado em placas de Petri, utilizando 6 concentrações (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10 e 12.5 μL/20g). No teste residual, os grãos foram submetidos a diferentes períodos de armazenamento (0, 30 e 60 dias). Os resultados mostraram que o óleo essencial de C. blanchetianus apresentou toxicidade por contato sobre C. maculatus. Observou-se que as concentrações letais foram consideradas baixas. Este óleo também reduziu a oviposição e emergência de adultos. Por outro lado, durante diferentes períodos de armazenamento o óleo teve sua ação diminuída, apresentando potencial para ser utilizado em programas de manejo de C. maculatus em feijão armazenado.Palavras-chave: inseticidas botânicos; Bruchinae; grãos armazenados; Vigna unguiculata. BIOACTIVITY OF Croton blanchetianus Baill (Euphorbiaceae) ESSENTIAL OIL ON THE Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) ABSTRACT: The toxicity was calculated by contact, the oviposition and emergence rate of C. maculatus on cowpea treated with the essential oil of Croton blanchetianus and the residual effect in different periods of storage, and additionally the lethal concentrations (CL50 and CL90) were determined. The contact toxicity test and order to the oviposition and emergence rates of C. maculatus was carried out in Petri dishes, using 6 concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 μL/20g). In the residual test, the cowpeas were submitted to different storage periods (0, 30 and 60 days). The results showed that the C. blanchetianus essential oil showed contact toxicity on the beetle C. maculatus. It was observed that lethal concentrations were considered low. This oil also reduced oviposition and emergence of adults. On the other hand, during different periods of storage the oil's action diminished, presenting potential to be used in management programs of C. maculatus in stored beans.Keywords: botanical insecticides; Bruchinae; stored grains; Vigna unguiculate.

Use of wood ash, dry chilli pepper fruits and onion scale leaves for reducing Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) damage in cow-pea seeds during storage

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Ofuya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Bruchid Beetles

Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is a very serious pest of cow pea in storage in Nigeria and many other oountries (Singh, 1977; Tindall, 1983). Damaged seeds are riddled with emergence holes, defaced with egg covers and have reduced viability. Heavy attack causes severe powdering and weight loss. In Nigeria, about 30–60% loss in cow pea is attributed to infestation and damage by bruchid beetles over a 3- to 6-month storage period, of which over 90% is caused by C. maculatus alone (Caswell, 1981).

scholarly journals Efficiency of Acalypha wilkesiana (Muell Arg.) leaf oil extract applied as a biocide against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Mercy Olayinka Oni
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Economic Injury Level ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana ◽  
Oil Extract

The ethanolic oil extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana was assayed for its biotoxicity against the survival of Callosobruchus maculatus, immature stages, damage and seed weight-loss. The result was dosage and time of exposure dependent. The contact treatment revealed A. wilkesiana oil as an applicable biocide as it significantly (p < 0.05) affect the survival rate, suppressed oviposition and adult emergence of C. maculatus, hence reduced seed damage and weight-loss in grains below economic injury level. Contact treatment were the most toxic with LD50 values of 3.97 and 5.85 at 72 h, significantly lower (p < 0.05) than fumigant values 4.16 and 6.04, suggesting its isolation for future biocide study to establish the dose and mode of action for commercialization in crop protection.

Efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaves powder on oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)on treated cowpea seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
L. A. Afolabi ◽  
A. T. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Ondo State

The efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaf powder against Callosobruchusmaculatus (F) on cowpea treated seeds was evaluated under ambientcondition (32±0.64°C and 68±3% R.H.) at the laboratory of AgriculturalTechnology of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. C. maculatus was obtainedfrom Oja‐Oba market, Owo, Ondo State of Nigeria. The insects were rearedand bred in the laboratory. The cowpea seeds used for the bioassay werekept in the freezer for 15 days to eliminate infestation from the field. Theleaf powder was obtained after milling and four dosages of the powder (0.5,1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g) were separately admixed with 20g of cowpea in separatepetri dishes. Ten pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into each petri‐dish.Number of adult mortality, egg laid, percentage egg hatching, adultemergence and weight loss from each treatment were compared withcontrol treatment. It is concluded that the Senna occidentalis contains toxicproperties valuable for the control of C. maculatus.

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