Protein Quality Evaluation of Low Glucosinolate-Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Meal and Unprocessed Faba Beans in Young Pigs

1976 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
John P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

EFFECTS OF FEEDING LOW AND HIGH GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS AND SOYBEAN MEAL ON THYROID FUNCTION OF YOUNG PIGS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. McKINNON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Free Thyroxine Index ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

In two experiments, 113 pigs were fed diets containing up to 25.3% low-glucosinolate, low-erucic acid rapeseed meal (cv. Tower = 00-RSM) or 31.3% commercially available rapeseed meal (C-RSM) as partial or complete replacements for soybean meal (SBM). The diets, formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric, were fed ad libitum to the pigs from 4 to 10 wk of age. Serum triiodothyronine uptake (T-3 uptake) was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the SBM diet compared with the other diets. In experiment 1, tetraiodothyronine (T-4) levels of 10-wk-old pigs fed the SBM diet were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed C-RSM or C-RSM + SBM diets. The free thyroxine index (T-3 uptake/100 × T-4) was lowest (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the C-RSM diet. In experiment 2, serum T-4 levels of pigs fed the SBM and 00-RSM + SBM diets were higher (P < 0.05) than for those of pigs fed other diets. Serum cholesterol levels of pigs fed the 00-RSM, C-RSM and C-RSM + SBM diets were higher (P < 0.05) than was found with the SBM or 00-RSM + SBM diets. Thyroid weight was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the C-RSM or C-RSM + SBM diets. The height of epithelial cells was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the 00-RSM and C-RSM diets and weight of epithelium of all pigs fed RSM indicated epithelial hypertrophy compared with those fed the SBM diet. The results suggested that thyroid function of pigs fed high levels of 00-RSM might be impaired compared with those fed SBM as the sole supplementary protein source in cereal-based diets, but less severely than with pigs fed C-RSM.

scholarly journals Low Erucic Acid, Low Glucosinolate Rapeseed Meal, with and without Added Gums in the Layer Diet

1978 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1599-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. MARCH ◽  
D.B. BRAGG ◽  
RAYMOND SOONG
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

EFFECTS OF ADDED RAPESEED GUMS IN CHICK DIETS CONTAINING SOYBEAN MEAL OR LOW-ERUCIC ACID, LOW GLUCOSINOLATE, RAPESEED MEAL

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. MARCH ◽  
RAYMOND SOONG
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Gums derived from the refining of rapeseed oils from cvs. Tower and Midas were tested for their effects when fed to chicks. No adverse effects of the gums were found whether the gums were fed in a soybean meal diet or added back to rapeseed (Tower) meal which was then fed in substitution for soybean meal.

THE FEEDING VALUE OF TOWER RAPESEED FOR EARLY-WEANED PIGS II. EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF COOKED SEED WITH IODINATED CASEIN AND PEA PROTEIN CONCENTRATE

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. OCHETIM ◽  
J. M. BELL ◽  
C. E. DOIGE
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Ninety-nine pigs, fed ad libitum from 6.8 to 14.0 kg liveweight, were used to examine the effects of including iodinated casein (44 mg/kg diet) in an early weaning diet containing 20% of a low glucosinolate, low erucic acid rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ’Tower’). The rapeseed (RS) was prepared commercially by flaking and then cooking, but the enzyme myrosinase was not completely inactivated. Iodinated casein supplementation significantly increased growth rate, feed efficiency, the blood circulating levels of thyroxine and protein-bound iodine but produced no significant effect on feed intake or blood cholesterol values. Iodinated casein largely prevented thyroid englargement and the thyroids appeared histologically normal. There were no effects due to iodinated casein on livers, hearts or kidneys. These results indicate that iodinated casein is beneficial for growth and thyroid function of young pigs between 6.8 and 14.0 kg liveweight fed diets containing 20% ground, cooked Tower rapeseed and in which myrosinase is not completely deactivated. A second experiment with 48 pigs fed four diets (control; RS and pea protein concentrate PPC; RS and rapeseed meal RSM, and PPC) resulted in superior growth on the control diet and poorest feed conversion on the PPC diet. The same level (18.9%) of PPC, fed with RS, resulted in better feed utilization.

scholarly journals DIGESTIBILITY AND PROTEIN QUALITY EVALUATION OF RAPESEED FLOUR

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
P. GIOVANNETTI ◽  
T. F. SHARBY ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Flour was prepared from Echo (B. campestris, low erucic acid) and Tower (B. napus, low erucic acid and low glucosinolate) cultivars of rapeseed by dehulling, myrosinase inactivation, washing in water, and hexane extraction. Over 97% of the original glucosinolates were removed. The flours contained over 60% protein. In protein quality tests with weanling rats, those fed rapeseed flour (cv. Echo) grew more slowly than the casein controls. Covariance analysis indicated that these differences could be associated with differences in feed intake or acceptability of the diet. Protein efficiency ratios were similar for rapeseed flour and casein (3.45 and 3.37, respectively). Tests with weanling mice involving rapeseed flour (cv. Echo) compared with soybean meal, in diets containing 8, 12 and 16% protein, revealed that rapeseed flour was superior to soybean meal as a protein source and had higher digestibility of protein and energy. In a similar test with Tower flour, protein quality ratings and digestibility coefficients again were superior to those for soybean meal. Rapeseed flour of either cultivar contains highly digestible protein (85–90%) and energy (88–91%). It contains protein equal to casein and superior to soybean protein in terms of PER and biological value. Both flours showed tendencies to be slightly less palatable than the control protein sources.

Detoxification of Rapeseed Products

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. MAHESHWARI ◽  
D. W. STANLEY ◽  
J. I. GRAY
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

The full potential of rapeseed products has not yet been realized because of the presence of certain toxic compounds. This paper reviews development of low erucic acid rapeseed, and the extensive experimental scrutiny to which this oil has been subjected. The significance of the presence of gluocosinolates as well as their decomposition products (isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethiones) in rapeseed meal is also discussed. Various methods for removing these toxic constitutents from the meal are reviewed.

Protein Quality Evaluation of Cooked Hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) Meats

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Hwang ◽  
Jin-Hwa Lee ◽  
Hong-Soo Ryu ◽  
Nam-Gyu Park ◽  
Soon-Sil Chun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Protein Quality

scholarly journals In Vitro Production of Somaclones with Decreased Erucic Acid Content in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern&Coss]

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Chitralekha Shyam ◽  
Manoj Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
Niraj Tripathi ◽  
Ravindra Solanki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Somaclonal Variations ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Brassica junceais a crucial cultivated mustard species and principal oilseed crop of India and Madhya Pradesh, grown for diverse vegetables, condiments, and oilseeds. Somaclonal variation was explored as a probable source of additional variability for the manipulation of fatty acids, especially low erucic acid contents that may be valuable for this commercially important plant species. The plantlets regenerated from tissue cultures (R0), their R1 generation and respective parental lines were compared for morpho-physiological traits and fatty acid profile for the probable existence of somaclonal variations. The first putative somaclone derived from genotype CS54 contained 5.48% and 5.52% erucic acid in R0 and R1 regenerants, respectively, compared to the mother plant (41.36%). In comparison, the second somaclone acquired from PM30 exhibited a complete absence of erucic acid corresponding to its mother plant (1.07%). These putative somaclones present a source of variation for exploitation in the development of future mustard crops with low erucic acid content.

scholarly journals Effect of Time and Legume Type on Germination-Induced Proteolysis of Lentils and Faba Beans

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Sara Bautista-Expósito ◽  
Elena Peñas ◽  
Albert Vanderberg ◽  
Juana Frias ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Faba Beans

Legumes are alternative protein sources that have been successfully used to develop diverse meatless foods. Although these plant-based products have a lower impact on the environment than equivalent animal-based products, they have lower protein digestibility. Germination could be a useful bioprocess to enhance protein digestibility in legumes, although its effect at different times of seedling development has been little studied in lentils and faba beans. This work investigated the effect of germination time (4 and 6 days after full seed imbibition) on the proteins of three types of Canadian lentils (“gray zero tannin”, G; “caviar black”, B; and “red dehulled”, D) and faba beans (“zero vicin/convicin”, F). Germination increased total nitrogen (4–14% increase) and total levels of some amino acids: Asp in all the sprouts studied; Ser, Pro, Ala, Cys, His and Lys in G; and Met and Tyr in B. A concurrent degradation of the 7S and 11S globulin subunits, the accumulation of peptides below 20 kDa and free essential and non-essential amino acids (4- to 6-fold increase) were observed after germination in all the legumes studied. These effects were attributable to the increased protease activity observed after sprouting. Trypsin inhibitory activity was lower in legume sprouts, except for D, where a small increase was detected. Time, legume type and their interaction showed significant effects on the parameters studied. Germination effects were generally more remarkable at longer stages of seedling development. Among the legumes studied, D showed a differential behavior characterized by a faster protein degradation and release of small peptides, probably due to its higher protease activity as indicated by principal component analysis. These results evidence the positive effects of germination on the protein digestibility of different lentil types and faba beans. The protein quality of plant-based foods could be improved through the selection of legume species with higher germination-induced proteolytic rates and optimized germination times.

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