THE FEEDING VALUE OF TOWER RAPESEED FOR EARLY-WEANED PIGS II. EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF COOKED SEED WITH IODINATED CASEIN AND PEA PROTEIN CONCENTRATE

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. OCHETIM ◽  
J. M. BELL ◽  
C. E. DOIGE
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Ninety-nine pigs, fed ad libitum from 6.8 to 14.0 kg liveweight, were used to examine the effects of including iodinated casein (44 mg/kg diet) in an early weaning diet containing 20% of a low glucosinolate, low erucic acid rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ’Tower’). The rapeseed (RS) was prepared commercially by flaking and then cooking, but the enzyme myrosinase was not completely inactivated. Iodinated casein supplementation significantly increased growth rate, feed efficiency, the blood circulating levels of thyroxine and protein-bound iodine but produced no significant effect on feed intake or blood cholesterol values. Iodinated casein largely prevented thyroid englargement and the thyroids appeared histologically normal. There were no effects due to iodinated casein on livers, hearts or kidneys. These results indicate that iodinated casein is beneficial for growth and thyroid function of young pigs between 6.8 and 14.0 kg liveweight fed diets containing 20% ground, cooked Tower rapeseed and in which myrosinase is not completely deactivated. A second experiment with 48 pigs fed four diets (control; RS and pea protein concentrate PPC; RS and rapeseed meal RSM, and PPC) resulted in superior growth on the control diet and poorest feed conversion on the PPC diet. The same level (18.9%) of PPC, fed with RS, resulted in better feed utilization.

NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEAL FOR SWINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Ad Libitum

Five swine experiments were conducted to evaluate rapeseed meal (RSM) of low glucosinolate content (Brassica napus L. cv. Bronowski). Two experiments involved 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% substitution of either Bronowski meal or regular (B. campestris) meal for soybean meal or fishmeal used in the control diet. One experiment compared ad libitum-fed and partially restricted pigs. Another experiment involved digestibility studies, and the final one involved methionine and lysine supplementation. As the dietary levels of either Bronowski or regular RSM increased in the ration, protein digestion coefficients decreased from 79 and 80% to 76 and 78%, respectively, and energy coefficients decreased from 82% to 79 and 78%, respectively. The protein and energy digestibility coefficients for Bronowski RSM were estimated to be 68 and 59%; for regular RSM, 65 and 54%. With barley–wheat–RSM diets, pigs responded to 0.1% methionine, but not to lysine (P > 0.05). Pigs fed ad libitum consumed more Bronowski than regular RSM diet and performed as well as pigs fed soybean meal diets.

scholarly journals THE FEEDING VALUE OF SOLVENT-EXTRACTED CAMELINA MEAL EFFECTS OF LEVELS FED, HEAT TREATMENTS AND FLAVOR SUPPLEMENTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Korsrud ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Crambe Seed ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Dry Heating ◽  
Camelina Seed

Camelina seed was ground, solvent-extracted, and fed at levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of the diet to weanling mice. Licorice (0 and 0.025%) was tested as a cross-treatment to modify flavor. Levels up to 10% resulted in no adverse effects on growth of mice but each increase in level beyond 10% resulted m a significant (P <.05) reduction in gains and feed intakes. Licorice was ineffective.In a second experiment 20 to 22% of camelina meal was fed m all diets. Raw meal was compared with dry-heated meal (12 hours, 135 °C), autoclaved meal (15 min, 1.2 kg/cm2), steam-stripped (2 hours, 110 °C) and a casein–methionine–supplemented control diet. In each case, four myrosinase-source supplements were added: nil, crambe seed, rapeseed, and camelina seed (Crambe abyssinica Hochst., Brassica napus L., and Cameline sativa Crantz).Destruction of myrosinase by any method of heating resulted in significantly better feeding value of camelina meal, but steam stripping was superior to dry heating or autoclaving.It was concluded that camelina meal is probably superior to rapeseed and crambe meals, in that more than 10% of raw meal is tolerated in the diet before growth depression occurs. Near maximum growth was obtained with myrosinase-free diets containing about 20% meal. Growth depression that occurred at the higher levels of intake exceeded that which could be accounted for by the content of volatile isothiocyanates.

scholarly journals Requirement of young pigs for apparent ileal digestible tryptophan

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
J.B. Schutte ◽  
A.J.M.A. Verstraten ◽  
N.P. Lenis ◽  
J. De Jong ◽  
J.T.M. Van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Optimal Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Pig Performance

In 5 growth trials with a total of 420 pigs, tryptophan requirements from 20 to 40 kg liveweight were estimated. L-Tryptophan 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 g/kg was added to a basal diet containing tapioca, barley and maize, with CP 162 g/kg and tryptophan 1.65 g/kg. The control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine plus cystine, threonine, isoleucine, valine and histidine to assure that only tryptophan was limiting pig performance. Diets were freely given as pellets. Total tryptophan was about 2.10 g/kg for optimal weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in a diet containing NE 9.5 MJ/kg, corresponding with apparent ileally digestible tryptophan 1.77 g/kg.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of full-fat rapeseeds for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

The digestibility and nutritive value of full-fat, ground rapeseeds of two low-erucic acid, low-glucosinolate varieties, Candle (Brassica campestris) and Regent (B. napus), were determined for three pigs, weighing about 40 kg each. The ME values were 18.72 and 20.26 MJ ME/kg DM, the NE values 1,58 and 1.70 FU/kg DM (FU = 0.7 kg starch) and the DCP values 155 and 201 g DCP/kg DM, respectively, for the two varieties. Nitrogen balances in the same trials were 21.0 and 22.0 g N/d. Twenty-eight freshly weaned piglets averaging 11 kg in weight were fed during four weeks 1) a control diet containing barley and skim milk powder, or 2) the control diet with 10% finely ground Candle seeds incorporated. The calculated energy and DCP values of the diets were alike. The growth rates of both groups were equal, as were the palatabilities of the diets. The feed conversion figures were 2.0 and 2.1 FU/kg liveweight gain, respectively. Accordingly, the energy value of Candle seeds was a little poorer for piglets than for the older growing pigs.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING LOW AND HIGH GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS AND SOYBEAN MEAL ON THYROID FUNCTION OF YOUNG PIGS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. McKINNON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Free Thyroxine Index ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

In two experiments, 113 pigs were fed diets containing up to 25.3% low-glucosinolate, low-erucic acid rapeseed meal (cv. Tower = 00-RSM) or 31.3% commercially available rapeseed meal (C-RSM) as partial or complete replacements for soybean meal (SBM). The diets, formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric, were fed ad libitum to the pigs from 4 to 10 wk of age. Serum triiodothyronine uptake (T-3 uptake) was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the SBM diet compared with the other diets. In experiment 1, tetraiodothyronine (T-4) levels of 10-wk-old pigs fed the SBM diet were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed C-RSM or C-RSM + SBM diets. The free thyroxine index (T-3 uptake/100 × T-4) was lowest (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the C-RSM diet. In experiment 2, serum T-4 levels of pigs fed the SBM and 00-RSM + SBM diets were higher (P < 0.05) than for those of pigs fed other diets. Serum cholesterol levels of pigs fed the 00-RSM, C-RSM and C-RSM + SBM diets were higher (P < 0.05) than was found with the SBM or 00-RSM + SBM diets. Thyroid weight was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the C-RSM or C-RSM + SBM diets. The height of epithelial cells was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the 00-RSM and C-RSM diets and weight of epithelium of all pigs fed RSM indicated epithelial hypertrophy compared with those fed the SBM diet. The results suggested that thyroid function of pigs fed high levels of 00-RSM might be impaired compared with those fed SBM as the sole supplementary protein source in cereal-based diets, but less severely than with pigs fed C-RSM.

COMPARISON OF SEVERAL WHEAT CULTIVARS AND A BARLEY CULTIVAR IN DIETS FOR YOUNG PIGS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Pig Performance

Two 10-wk experiments with eight weanling individually-fed pigs per treatment, starting at 5.6 to 7.5 kg liveweight, were conducted to compare No. 1 Canada Western Red Spring milling wheats, Manitou and Neepawa; No. 1 Utility (feed) wheats, Pitic 62, Glenlea, unlicensed white UM607A, unlicensed purple PFW606A; and feed barley BT609. All diets were supplemented with the same level of soybean meal and complete mineral and vitamin mixes. There were no significant differences in feed intake, rate of gain or efficiency of feed conversion among the treatments in either experiment, suggesting that the milling wheats, utility wheats and barley tested in this study have similar feeding value for young pigs. Carcass measurements did not differ between treatments in the first experiment, where pigs were fed to market weight on a standard diet after the 10-wk experimental period. In the first experiment, a diet based on Pitic 62 as the sole cereal had superior digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) coefficients to one based on Manitou, with Glenlea being intermediate. In the second experiment, diets based on Neepawa, Glenlea, white or purple utility wheats did not differ in DE or ME, but the barley-based diet had a lower DE and ME. Differences in dietary DE or ME were not reflected in live pig performance. DE and ME determinations on the cereals using the additive method with an additional four pigs per treatment indicated an average DE and ME (dry-matter basis) for wheat of 3,782 and 3,561 kcal/kg, and for BT609 barley of 3,670 and 3,489 kcal/kg, respectively. In the second experiment, there were significant differences between some of the wheats in DE and ME coefficients.

UTILIZATION OF FULL-FAT RAPESEED AND RAPESEED MEALS IN RATIONS FOR BROILER CHICKS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. OLOMU ◽  
A. R. ROBBLEE ◽  
D. R. CLANDININ ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Two experiments were conducted to assess the use of full-fat rapeseed (RS) or rapeseed meal (RSM) in rations for broiler chicks. The first experiment included comparisons between Span (a low erucic acid variety) and Bronowski (a low glucosinolate variety) RS and the effects of addition of two types of fat (crude Span rapeseed oil and stabilized tallow) in the rations used. Parameters studied included rate of gain, feed conversion, size of thyroids, livers and hearts and composition of carcasses, hearts and livers. The second experiment studied the effects of protein level and amino acid supplementation on nutrient retention in broiler chicks fed Span RS. Inclusion of 20% raw Span or Bronowski RS in broiler rations resulted in depressed weight gain and feed conversion, increased thyroid size and production of leaner carcasses as compared to those obtained when a control ration or rations containing autoclaved RS were fed. Raw Bronowski RS resulted in superior weight gain and feed conversion as compared to raw Span RS. Use of 12% Span RSM with either RSO or stabilized tallow or 12% Bronowski RSM with RSO gave performance similar to that of chicks fed the control ration. When stabilized tallow was used with Bronowski RSM, performance was improved over that obtained with the control ration. The use of full-fat RS, RSM or RSO did not cause fat accumulation in the hearts and livers of chicks. The percentage of dry matter, fat and energy retained by chicks fed the control ration was significantly higher than in chicks fed raw or autoclaved RS. Protein retention was not affected by inclusion of RS in the rations.

Performance, Serum Biochemical Profile, Slaughter Characteristics and Nutrient Retention of Vanaraja Chicks Fed Rice-based Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles in Diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V.L.N. Raju ◽  
S.V. Rama Rao ◽  
B. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Poultry Diets

Background: In view of the increasing price of soybean meal, it has become necessary to use alternate protein sources in poultry diets. The feeding value of Rice-based DDGS (r-DDGS) was evaluated in the diet of Vanaraja chicks during the nursery phase of rearing.Methods: Two types of rice-based distillers dried grains with solubles (r-DDGS) having high (57%) and medium (47%) crude protein (CP) contents were evaluated separately at 5 and 10% levels in the diet of Vanaraja chicks on isocaloric and isonitrogenous basis and compared with the control diet without r-DDGS. A total of 300 Vanaraja chicks were divided at random into 5 experimental groups with 10 replicates of 6 chicks each and fed the diets during 0 to 6 weeks of life. Result: The body weight at 6 weeks was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher at the 5% level of r-DDGS and at the further higher level of 10% r-DDGS, the body weight, however, was similar to that of control. Feed intake was higher in the groups fed r-DDGS, whereas feed conversion efficiency was poor at the higher level of r-DDGS. Serum protein and cholesterol concentration, DM digestibility, protein retention, carcass yields and organ weights were not affected, except for the reduced weight of intestine in the groups fed r-DDGS. No significant differences were observed between the two types of r-DDGS for their effects on the variables studied. It is concluded that r-DDGS could be fed to Vanaraja chicks up to 10% in the diet without affecting growth performance, while beneficial effects on performance were noted at the lower level of 5% r-DDGS in the diet.

PERFORMANCE OF MYOCARDIAL AND BLOOD SERAL CHANGES IN PIGS FED DIETS CONTAINING HIGH OR LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OILS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
R. T. HARDIN ◽  
R. G. CHRISTIAN
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Eighty crossbred pigs (barrows and gilts), 4–5 wk old and averaging 7.9 kg were fed diets containing 15% rapeseed oil of either high (34.2%) or low (1.2%) erucic acid content, or a control diet to which no oil was added. Tissue samples were taken from the left ventricle of pigs slaughtered after 4, 16 and 23 wk on experiment, at which time they averaged 19, 87 and 130 kg liveweight. Differences in growth rate were not significant for any of the five treatments. Feed conversion efficiency was poorest (P < 0.01) for pigs fed the control diet. Significant differences between treatments were detected at one or more slaughter weights for serum cholesterol, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, protein-bound iodine and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. Total backfat and area of loin were not significantly affected by either source or level of rapeseed oil. Most of the carcass measurements recorded were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by sex and slaughter weight. Histological examination of heart tissue from the left ventricle showed no significant effect of rapeseed oil on the incidence of cardiac lipidosis and myopathy.

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