Dietary Fiber Decreases the Metabolizable Energy Content and Nutrient Digestibility of Mixed Diets Fed to Humans

Abstract For a pet diet to be labeled as human-grade, every ingredient and the finished food must be stored, handled, processed, and transported according to the current good manufacturing practices for human edible foods. Human-grade dog foods are now available and increasing in popularity, but little research has been conducted to test the digestibility of these foods. For this reason, the objective of this experiment was to determine the true nutrient and amino acid (AA) digestibilities of dog foods formulated with human-grade ingredients using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. Six commercial dog foods were tested, including the Beef & Russet Potato (BRP), Chicken & White Rice (CWR), Fish & Sweet Potato (FSP), Lamb & Brown Rice (LBR), Turkey & Whole Wheat Macaroni (TWM), and Venison & Squash (VSR) formulas provided by Just Food For Dogs LLC (Irvine, CA). Before analysis, all foods were lyophilized and ground. A precision-fed rooster assay using cecectomized roosters was conducted to determine the true nutrient digestibility and standardized AA digestibilities of the foods tested. Conventional roosters were used to determine the nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of the foods. All animal procedures were approved by the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to experimentation. The substrates and rooster excreta were analyzed for macronutrient and AA composition. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute, Cary, NC). In general, all foods tested were highly digestible. Dry matter digestibility was similar among CWR, LBR, and TWR foods, and greater (P < 0.0001) than that of FSP and VSR foods. Organic matter digestibility was highest (P = 0.0002) for CWR and lowest (P = 0.0002) for VSR. For the majority of indispensable AA, digestibilities were greater than 85%, with some being greater than 90%. TMEn was higher (P < 0.0001) for BRP than the other foods, which were similar to one another. Also, TMEn values were much higher than what would be estimated by using modified Atwater factors and often above the predictive equations for metabolizable energy (ME) recommended by the National Research Council or by using Atwater factors. Although statistical differences were observed among foods, they all performed well and the foods tested had very high AA digestibilities. Additionally, the TMEn data suggest that existing methods and equations for ME prediction underestimate the energy content of the foods tested.

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Effect of crude fiber and total dietary fiber on the calculated nitrogen-free extract and metabolizable energy content of various dog foods fed to client-owned dogs with osteoarthritis

American Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2460/ajvr.82.10.787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (10) ◽

pp. 787-794

Author(s):

Zachary T. Traughber ◽

Katelyn B. Detweiler ◽

Angela K. Price ◽

Kimberly E. Knap ◽

Tisha A. Harper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Energy Content ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Total Dietary Fiber ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract

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Açaí meal on diet digestibility for commercial laying hens

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.46926 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e46926

Author(s):

João Paulo Ferreira Rufino ◽

Frank George Guimarães Cruz ◽

Fábio Jacobs Dias ◽

Ronner Joaquim Mendonça Brasil ◽

Ana Rebeca Pires da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Use ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Energy Content ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Mineral Matter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Apparent Metabolizable Energy

This study aimed to evaluate açaí meal in diets for commercial laying hens on apparent nutrient digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy. A total of 72 Hissex White laying hens (52-wks-old) were distributed in a completely randomized design, where treatments consisted of a control diet and an experimental diet (25% açaí meal) with six replicates of six birds each. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression at 5%. Differences (p < 0.05) were detected in digestibility of all evaluated nutrients. Hens fed diets with 25% açaí meal presented worse (p < 0.05) metabolization and use of energy content. It can be concluded that hens fed diets containing açaí meal presented better use of crude protein, non-fiber carbohydrates and mineral matter. However, there was worse use of dry matter, fiber carbohydrates and ether extract. This result directly affected the energy metabolism of the birds. The inclusion of açaí meal reduced the energy use.

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Effect of diets containing graded levels of groundnut haulms on Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and Nitrogen balance of Friesian x Bunaji Bulls

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v45i1.354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 342-350

Author(s):

H. I. Finangwai ◽

O. W. Ehoche ◽

G. E. Jokthan ◽

P. P. Barje

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Energy Content ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Percent Nitrogen

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding concentrate diets containing varying levels of groundnut haulms on dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nutrient balance in Friesian x Bunaji bulls. The feed consisted of four concentrate mixed diets formulated to contain on average 14.45- 14.65% crude protein. Groundnut haulms (GH) in the concentrate diets were on nitrogen basis at 0, 25, 50 and 75% levels with control diet having 0% inclusion of GH. Sixteen bulls aged 12-18months were divided into four each and were randomly allotted to the four treatment diets in a completely randomized design for metabolic trial. During trial, the bulls were housed in metabolic crates and fed Gamba hay adlib and the basal or particular test concentrate mixture at 40% of estimated DM intake. Chemical composition and energy contents of the diets were determined. Dry matter intake (D M ) and organic matter intake (OMI) were also determined. The CP value averaged 14.45±0.44 - 14.65±1.22% for the four experimental diets. The metabolizable energy content expressed in Kcal/kg of diets decreased with increase in GH level from 0-75% (3166-1752 kcal/kg). There was no significant (P>0.05) difference on voluntary DMI and OMI. The digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, CF, EE, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and ash were significantly (P<0.05) higher at 75% level of groundnut haulms. CF and ADF digestibility were significantly influenced (P<0.05) when groundnut haulms level reached 25%. Conversely, the digestibility of NFE did not differ (P>0.05) across treatments. Nitrogen balance were similar (P>0.05) among animals fed concentrate mixtures. Nitrogen balance expressed in percent was slightly higher at 75% level of groundnut haulms. It is concluded that inclusion of GH in concentrate diets of crossed bulls up to 75% can improve nutrient digestibility and the percent Nitrogen balance.

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Nutrient digestibility, visceral organ changes and carcass yield of rabbits fed with diets containing graded levels of rumen filtrate-fermented rice offal

Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.4314/njb.v38i1.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 14-23

Author(s):

A.T. Kpehe ◽

C.D. Tuleun ◽

F.G. Kaankuka

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Energy Content ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Control Group ◽

Visceral Organ ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Organ Changes

A total of twenty-five crossbred rabbit bucks with a mean weight of 628.73g were utilized to investigate their nutrient digestibility, visceral organ changes, and carcass yield when fed with diets containing graded levels of rumen filtrate-fermented rice offal (FRO) for 10 weeks. Five rabbits were grouped into five treatments with each rabbit serving as a replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. The control group was fed with a diet containing no rumen filtrate fermented-rice offal meal while the other four groups were fed with diets in which the FRO replaced the maize at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. The results of the analyzed nutrient composition and energy content of the experimental diets showed no trend across the treatments except for crude protein and metabolizable energy whose values appeared to increase across treatments as the levels of FRO increased from 0% to 20%. Dry Matter (DM), Crude Fiber (CF), Ether Extract (EE) and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) digestibility values were affected by the inclusion level of the fermented rice offal in the diets of the rabbits, except Crude Protein (CP). Crude fiber values appeared to increase across the treatments as the levels of FRO increased from 0% to 20%. Dressed weight showed significantly (p<0.05) higher values for rabbits fed with diets containing 20% FRO and prime cuts were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by treatments. The result of visceral organ and GIT weights showed treatment effect (p<0.05), except fasted live weights, spleen, and visceral fats. Of the visceral organ lengths, only the esophagus and stomach were similar (p>0.05) across treatment groups. It was therefore concluded that the digestibility of nutrients was not adversely affected; such that 20% inclusion of rumen filtrate-fermented rice offal showed no modification on visceral organ changes and a better carcass yield observed in rabbits on the diets. It was suggested that up to 20% rumen filtrate-fermented rice offal meal can be integrated into rabbit diets without impairing their digestibility, visceral organ characteristics, and carcass yield.

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Nutrient Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy Content of <italic>Mucuna pruriens</italic> Whole Pods Fed to Growing Pelibuey Lambs

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.2013.13062 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 981-986

Author(s):

Enrique Loyra-Tzab ◽

Luis Armando Sarmiento-Franco ◽

Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro ◽

Ronald Herve Santos-Ricalde

Keyword(s):

Energy Content ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Mucuna Pruriens

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Nutrient Content of Different Wheat and Maize Varieties and Their Impact on Metabolizable Energy Content and Nitrogen Utilization by Broilers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10050907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 907

Author(s):

Olga Lasek ◽

Jan Barteczko ◽

Justyna Barć ◽

Piotr Micek

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Energy Content ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Cereal Species ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Analytical Procedures

The study aimed to determine the effect of nutrients of wheat (nine cultivars) and maize (nine cultivars) grain on nitrogen balance and apparent metabolizable energy (AMEN) content for broiler chickens. In vivo digestibility and balance trials were carried out with 90 Ross 308 chickens (2 × 9 groups with 5 birds per group) aged from 42 to 49 days, separately for each cultivar. Considerable variation within each cereal species in fiber and non-fiber carbohydrate fractions and nutrient digestibility of grain were demonstrated. Additionally, regression equations were proposed which allow the estimation of AMEN content of wheat and maize grain varieties based on simple analytical procedures, including cell wall components, starch, and sugars. For practical purposes, these equations seem to be the best solution while reducing time, labor, and cost of analytical procedures.

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