scholarly journals Local Immunotherapy of Cancer: Innovative Approaches to Harnessing Tumor-Specific Immune Responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Murthy ◽  
Janna Minehart ◽  
Daniel H Sterman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Local Immunotherapy ◽  
Immunotherapy Of Cancer ◽  
Innovative Approaches

scholarly journals Unleashing the Full Potential of Oncolytic Adenoviruses against Cancer by Applying RNA Interference: The Force Awakens

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Brachtlova ◽  
Victor van Beusechem
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Oncolytic Adenoviruses ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
Immunotherapy Of Cancer ◽  
Cellular Pathways

Oncolytic virus therapy of cancer is an actively pursued field of research. Viruses that were once considered as pathogens threatening the wellbeing of humans and animals alike are with every passing decade more prominently regarded as vehicles for genetic and oncolytic therapies. Oncolytic viruses kill cancer cells, sparing healthy tissues, and provoke an anticancer immune response. Among these viruses, recombinant adenoviruses are particularly attractive agents for oncolytic immunotherapy of cancer. Different approaches are currently examined to maximize their therapeutic effect. Here, knowledge of virus–host interactions may lead the way. In this regard, viral and host microRNAs are of particular interest. In addition, cellular factors inhibiting viral replication or dampening immune responses are being discovered. Therefore, applying RNA interference is an attractive approach to strengthen the anticancer efficacy of oncolytic viruses gaining attention in recent years. RNA interference can be used to fortify the virus’ cancer cell-killing and immune-stimulating properties and to suppress cellular pathways to cripple the tumor. In this review, we discuss different ways of how RNA interference may be utilized to increase the efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses, to reveal their full potential.

scholarly journals Bacteria-triggered tumor-specific thrombosis to enable potent photothermal immunotherapy of cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (33) ◽  
pp. eaba3546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Yi ◽  
Hailin Zhou ◽  
Yu Chao ◽  
Saisai Xiong ◽  
Jing Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Immunotherapy Of Cancer ◽  
Rapid Clearance ◽  
Inhibit Tumor Metastasis

We discovered that attenuated Salmonella after intravenous injection would proliferate within various types of solid tumors but show rapid clearance in normal organs, without rendering notable toxicity. Bacteria-induced inflammation would trigger thrombosis in the infected tumors by destroying tumor blood vessels. Six types of tested tumors would all turn into darkened color with strong near-infrared absorbance, as observed by photoacoustic imaging. Under laser irradiation, those bacterial-infected tumors would be effectively ablated. Because of the immune-stimulation function, such bacteria-based photothermal therapy (PTT) would subsequently trigger antitumor immune responses, which could be further enhanced by immune checkpoint blockade to effectively suppress the growth of abscopal tumors. A robust immune memory effect to reject rechallenged tumors is also observed after bacteria-based PTT. Our work demonstrates that bacteria by themselves could act as a tumor-specific PTT agent to enable photoimmunotherapy cancer therapy to inhibit tumor metastasis and recurrence.

Manipulating dendritic cell biology for the active immunotherapy of cancer

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2235-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. O'Neill ◽  
Sylvia Adams ◽  
Nina Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Active Immunotherapy ◽  
Transplantation Tolerance ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Immunotherapy Of Cancer ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that have an unequaled capacity to initiate primary immune responses, including tolerogenic responses. Because of the importance of DCs in the induction and control of immunity, an understanding of their biology is central to the development of potent immunotherapies for cancer, chronic infections, autoimmune disease, and induction of transplantation tolerance. This review discusses recent advances in DC research and the application of this knowledge toward new strategies for the clinical manipulation of DCs for cancer immunotherapy.

scholarly journals CaCO3-Assisted Preparation of pH-Responsive Immune-Modulating Nanoparticles for Augmented Chemo-Immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Zhu ◽  
Zhijuan Yang ◽  
Ziliang Dong ◽  
Yimou Gong ◽  
Yu Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Double Emulsion ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Tumor Penetration ◽  
Immunotherapy Of Cancer ◽  
Tumor Accumulation ◽  
Therapeutic Responses

AbstractDue to the negative roles of tumor microenvironment (TME) in compromising therapeutic responses of various cancer therapies, it is expected that modulation of TME may be able to enhance the therapeutic responses during cancer treatment. Herein, we develop a concise strategy to prepare pH-responsive nanoparticles via the CaCO3-assisted double emulsion method, thereby enabling effective co-encapsulation of both doxorubicin (DOX), an immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer, and alkylated NLG919 (aNLG919), an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). The obtained DOX/aNLG919-loaded CaCO3 nanoparticles (DNCaNPs) are able to cause effective ICD of cancer cells and at the same time restrict the production of immunosuppressive kynurenine by inhibiting IDO1. Upon intravenous injection, such DNCaNPs show efficient tumor accumulation, improved tumor penetration of therapeutics and neutralization of acidic TME. As a result, those DNCaNPs can elicit effective anti-tumor immune responses featured in increased density of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cytotoxic T cells as well as depletion of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs), thus effectively suppressing the growth of subcutaneous CT26 and orthotopic 4T1 tumors on the Balb/c mice through combined chemotherapy & immunotherapy. This study presents a compendious strategy for construction of pH-responsive nanoparticles, endowing significantly enhanced chemo-immunotherapy of cancer by overcoming the immunosuppressive TME.

Utilization of interleukin-2 gene transfer in local immunotherapy of cancer

1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bubeník ◽  
J. Šímová ◽  
D. Bubeníková ◽  
J. Zeuthen ◽  
C. Radzikowski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Local Immunotherapy ◽  
Immunotherapy Of Cancer

scholarly journals CD91-Dependent Modulation of Immune Responses by Heat Shock Proteins: A Role in Autoimmunity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Binder ◽  
Yu Jerry Zhou ◽  
Michelle N. Messmer ◽  
Sudesh Pawaria
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Immunotherapy Of Cancer ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been known for decades for their ability to protect cells under stressful conditions. In the 1980s a new role was ascribed for several HSPs given their ability to elicit specific immune responses in the setting of cancer and infectious disease. These immune responses have primarily been harnessed for the immunotherapy of cancer in the clinical setting. However, because of the ability of HSPs to prime diverse immune responses, they have also been used for modulation of immune responses during autoimmunity. The apparent dichotomy of immune responses elicited by HSPs is discussed here on a molecular and cellular level. The potential clinical application of HSP-mediated immune responses for therapy of autoimmune diseases is reviewed.

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Therapy: Tumor Draining Lymph Nodes in the Spotlights

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9401
Author(s):  
Marieke F. Fransen ◽  
Thorbald van Hall ◽  
Ferry Ossendorp
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Nodes ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Close Encounters ◽  
Immunotherapy Of Cancer ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Tumor-draining lymph nodes play a paradoxical role in cancer. Surgeons often resect these sentinel lymph nodes to determine metastatic spread, thereby enabling prognosis and treatment. However, lymph nodes are vital organs for the orchestration of immune responses, due to the close encounters of dedicated immune cells. In view of the success of immunotherapy, the removal of tumor-draining lymph nodes needs to be re-evaluated and viewed in a different light. Recently, an important role for tumor-draining lymph nodes has been proposed in the immunotherapy of cancer. This new insight can change the use of immune checkpoint therapy, particularly with respect to the use in neoadjuvant settings in which lymph nodes are still operational.

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