Sleep Problems, Cumulative Risks, and Psychological Functioning in Early Childhood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel A Williamson ◽  
Mattina Davenport ◽  
Olivia Cicalese ◽  
Jodi A Mindell
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Cumulative Risks ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Background Sleep problems and cumulative risk factors (e.g., caregiver depression, socioeconomic disadvantage) have independently been linked to adverse child development, but few studies have examined the interplay of these factors. We examined whether cumulative risk exposure moderated the link between sleep problems, including insomnia and poor sleep health, and child psychological outcomes. Methods 205 caregiver-child dyads (child Mage = 3.3 years; 53.7% girls; 62.9% Black, 22.4% non-Latinx White, and 4.4% Latinx; 85.4% maternal caregiver reporter) completed child sleep, family sociodemographic, and child psychological functioning (internalizing, externalizing, and executive functioning) questionnaires. Indexes of cumulative risk exposure, insomnia symptoms, and poor sleep health were created. Results Ninety percent of children had ≥1 cumulative risks, 62.9% had ≥1 insomnia symptom, and 84.5% had ≥1 poor sleep health behavior. Increased insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with increased child internalizing, externalizing, and global executive functioning impairments controlling for child age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Poor sleep health behaviors were associated with internalizing concerns. Cumulative risk exposure was not associated with outcomes but moderated the association between insomnia symptoms and all psychological outcomes, such that children with higher cumulative risk exposure and insomnia symptoms had the greatest impairments. Children with the poorest sleep health behaviors and highest cumulative risks had the greatest internalizing concerns. Conclusions Insomnia symptoms in particular are associated with poor child outcomes, which are exacerbated when accompanied by greater cumulative risk exposure. Clinicians should assess sleep when treating early psychological concerns, especially within the context of increased cumulative risks.

scholarly journals Cumulative socio-demographic risk factors and sleep outcomes in early childhood

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel A Williamson ◽  
Jodi A Mindell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

Abstract Study Objectives To examine associations between cumulative socio-demographic risk factors, sleep health habits, and sleep disorder symptoms in young children. Methods Two hundred five caregiver-child dyads (child mean age ± SD: 3.3 ± 1.1 years; 53.7% girls; 62.9% black, 22.4% non-Hispanic/Latinx white, 4.4% Hispanic/Latinx; 85.4% maternal caregiver reporter) completed caregiver-rated sleep measures (Brief Child Sleep Questionnaire [BCSQ]; Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire [PSQ] snoring subscale), which were used to generate indexes of poor sleep health habits, pediatric insomnia symptoms, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms. A cumulative risk index was created reflecting caregiver, family, and neighborhood risks. Results Overall, 84.5% of children had ≥ 1 poor sleep health habit, 62.9% had ≥ 1 insomnia symptom, and 40.0% had ≥ 1 OSA symptom. Poisson regression indicated that each increase in the number of cumulative risk factors was associated with a 10% increase in poor sleep health habits, a 9% increase in insomnia symptoms, and an 18% increase in OSA symptoms. Specific caregiver risks (depressive symptoms, lower educational attainment) and family risks (single caregiver, crowded home) were most predictive of poor sleep outcomes. Conclusions Poor sleep health habits and sleep disorder symptoms are highly prevalent in early childhood, particularly among families experiencing cumulative socio-demographic risks. Findings underscore the need for targeted screening and prevention for modifiable sleep behaviors and efforts to tailor such strategies for at-risk children and families, especially those living in crowded conditions, or with caregivers who are single or have a lower educational attainment or depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Various Types of Perceived Job Discrimination and Sleep Health Among Working Women: Findings From the Sister Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (10) ◽  
pp. 1143-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soomi Lee ◽  
Anne-Marie Chang ◽  
Orfeu M Buxton ◽  
Chandra L Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Job Discrimination ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Job discrimination, a social stressor, may lead to sleep health disparities among workers; yet, limited research has examined this relationship and specific sources of job discrimination. We used a US sample of working women (n = 26,085), participants in the Sister Study (2008–2016), to examine the associations of perceived job discrimination due to sex, race, age, health conditions, and/or sexual orientation with sleep health. Cross-sectionally, linear or logistic regression models revealed that each source of job discrimination was independently associated with different sleep problems after controlling for other sources of job discrimination. Longitudinally, among participants without short sleep (<7 hours/night) at time 1 (2012–2014), age-specific job discrimination was associated with 21% increased odds of new-onset short sleep (odds ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.43) at time 2 (2014–2016). Among those without insomnia symptoms at time 1, race-specific job discrimination was associated with 37% increased odds of new-onset insomnia symptoms (odds ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.75) at time 2. Sex- and health-specific job discrimination also predicted new-onset sleepiness. There were dose-response relationships such that a greater number of sources of job discrimination (≥3) was associated with greater odds of prevalent and incident sleep problems. Perceived job discrimination may contribute to working women’s poor sleep health over time, raising concerns about sleep health disparities emanating from the workplace.

Executive Functions and Their Relation to Sleep Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Preschoolers

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 769-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Landry-Roy ◽  
Annie Bernier ◽  
Jocelyn Gravel ◽  
Miriam H. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Mild Tbi

AbstractObjectives:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained during childhood is known to impact children’s executive functioning. However, few studies have focused specifically on executive functioning after preschool TBI. TBI has also been associated with sleep disturbances, which are known to impair executive functions in healthy children. The aim of this study was to investigate executive functions in preschoolers with mild TBI, and to determine the role of sleep in the links between TBI and executive functioning.Methods:The sample was drawn from a longitudinal study and included 167 children, aged 18 to 60 months, divided into 2 groups: children with accidental mild TBI (n=84) and typically developing children (n=83). Children were assessed 6 months post-injury on executive function measures (inhibition and cognitive flexibility) and sleep measures (actigraphy data and parental rating of sleep problems).Results:The two groups did not differ in their executive abilities. However, relative to controls, children with mild TBI and shorter nighttime sleep duration or increased sleep problems exhibited poorer executive functions.Conclusions:These results support a “double hazard” effect, whereby the combination of sleep disturbances and mild TBI results in poorer executive functions. The findings highlight the importance of assessing and monitoring the quality of sleep even after mild head injuries. Poor sleep may place children at risk for increased cognitive difficulties. (JINS, 2018,24, 769–780)

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations Between Parenting Practices and Youth Sleep Problems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Acosta ◽  
Justin Parent ◽  
Dana L. McMakin ◽  
Laura McKee ◽  
Karissa DiMarzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Adjustment Difficulties ◽  
Optimal Profile ◽  
Parental Emotion ◽  
Person Centered Approach ◽  
Parenting Profiles

Objective: Sleep problems among youth are highly prevalent and associated with adjustment difficulties. When considering influences on youth's sleep, parenting practices have been previously linked to poor sleep in youth. However, research is lacking on which parenting practices longitudinally predict the development and maintenance of sleep problems in youth. Additionally, sensitive periods for this link are mostly unknown. The current study examined longitudinal relations between constellations of parenting practices and youth sleep health in order to identify profiles of parenting practices that are predictive of sleep problems in youth across different developmental stages. Method: Participants were 292 parents (M = 36.51, SD = 7.3) of children between the ages of 3 and 14 (M = 8.4, SD = 3.6). A person-centered approach was employed to create profiles across positive and negative parenting practices, as well as supportive and unsupportive parental emotion socialization strategies. Parenting profiles were then examined as longitudinal predictors of youth sleep problems. Results: Findings revealed three distinct parenting profiles, which consisted of one optimal profile, a second intermediate profile, and a third maladaptive profile. These parenting profiles were differentially associated with sleep problems in youth, with the optimal profile predicting the lowest levels of sleep problems and the maladaptive profile predicting the highest levels of sleep problems, particularly among peripubertal youth. Conclusion: This study extends previous findings by elucidating distinct constellations of parenting practices that are differentially predictive of youth sleep problems and highlighting parenting as a crucial and longitudinal contributor to youth’s sleep health.

scholarly journals Poor sleep quality in adolescence might contribute to poor psychological functioning

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality

Sleep problems affect up to 25% adolescents and have frequently been associated with psychopathology. Now, Marije Vermeulen and colleagues have investigated whether short and/or problematic sleep truly contributes to psychological functioning.

scholarly journals 0366 Sleep Health Dimensions, Disturbances, and Disruptors Among White, Black, Hispanic/ Latina, and Asian Women

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A140-A140
Author(s):  
C L Jackson ◽  
S A Gaston ◽  
J McGrath ◽  
D P Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
White Women ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Despite the importance of sleep for health promotion and disease prevention, data are limited regarding the distribution of multiple sleep health dimensions, disturbances, and disruptors among women, especially racial/ethnic minorities who disproportionately experience poor sleep. Methods To determine the prevalence of sleep health, disturbances, and disruptors (e.g., short sleep duration, sleep debt, insomnia symptoms, light exposure at night) overall and among Black, Hispanic/Latina, and Asian compared to White women, we used cross-sectional data collected by the Sister Study at enrollment (2003-2009) and two follow-ups (2012-2014, 2014-2016). Adjusting for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and health conditions including depression, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for unfavorable sleep among racial/ethnic minority compared to White women. Results Of the 49,874 eligible women (mean age ± standard deviation: 55.7 ± 9.0 years, 84.8% ≥high school education, 74.7% married) 85.3% were White, 9.0% Black, 5.1% Hispanic/Latina, and 0.7% Asian. Overall, 70% reported the recommended amount of sleep, 15.7% inconsistent weekly sleep patterns, 26% sleep debt, and 14% insomnia symptoms plus short sleep. Racial/ethnic minorities were much more likely than whites to report very short (≤5 hours) sleep (PRBlack)=5.98[95% Confidence Interval: 4.67-7.66]; PRLatina=2.83[1.98-4.04]; PRAsian=5.41[2.41-12.13] and to report needing <7 hours to feel their best (PRBlack=2.95[2.75-3.17]; PRLatina=1.85[1.65-2.07]; PRAsian=2.66[2.10-3.37]). Black and Hispanic/Latina women had a higher prevalence than whites of insomnia, short sleep plus insomnia, inconsistent sleep, sleep debt, and frequent napping; however, all racial/ethnic minorities were less likely to report daytime sleepiness (PRBlack=0.82[0.78-0.85]; PRLatina=0.94[0.89-0.98]; PRAsian=0.79[0.69-0.92]) and restless leg syndrome. Witnessed sleep apnea was higher among Black women, and REM sleep disorder did not differ across racial/ethnic groups. Sleeping with room lights or a television on was more prevalent among racial/ethnic minorities (PRBlack=1.78[1.71-1.86]; PRLatina=1.27[1.17-1.37]; PRAsian=1.62[1.32-1.99]). Conclusion Poor sleep health, disturbances, and disruptors were prevalent among women and varied across racial/ethnic groups in ways that may contribute to health disparities. Support This work was funded by the Intramural Program at the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z1A ES103325-01 to (CLJ) and Z01 ES044005 to (DPS)).

scholarly journals What is Known About Students and Sleep: Systematic Review and Evidence Map

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110321
Author(s):  
Ann Kristin Bjørnnes ◽  
Astrid Torbjørnsen ◽  
Berit Taraldsen Valeberg ◽  
B. Bente Sparboe-Nilsen ◽  
Ida Hellum Sandbekken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mapping Process

Higher education students are considered to belong to a population susceptible to poor sleep health; however, there is a lack of broader evidence reviews. This systematic review aims to map out and categorize the existing literature related to higher education students and sleep. The present evidence map is based on a comprehensive systematic literature search of ten electronic databases, which resulted in 15,286 unique citations. After title/abstract, and full-text screening: 515 studies were included in the final map. Most of the studies were cross-sectional ( n = 357, 69%), while 77 (15%) studies assessed the effectiveness of an intervention. Sixty-eight (13%) studies followed a cohort prospectively over time, and 8 (2%) studies utilized a qualitative design. The most frequent outcome was the proportion of sleep problems, which was reported in 226 (44%) studies. Weekday sleep duration was reported in 156 (30%) studies. Results from this mapping process suggest that evidence about students` sleep health is emerging; however, the evidence base is mostly quantitative and descriptive, and there is a lack of sleep health programs designed for students.

scholarly journals Effects of Sleep Health on Cognitive Function in HIV+ and HIV– Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1038-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanjbeel Mahmood ◽  
Andrea Hammond ◽  
Rodolfo A. Nunez ◽  
Michael R. Irwin ◽  
April D. Thames
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Sh Group

AbstractObjectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to report sleep difficulties and cognitive deficits. While cognitive impairment associated with sleep problems have been found in healthy and medical populations, less is known about the effects of poor sleep health (SH) on cognition among PLWH. This study examined differences in cognitive performance among participants classified based upon their HIV status and reported SH. Methods: One hundred sixteen (N=116) adults recruited from the Greater Los Angeles community were administered a comprehensive cognitive test battery and completed a questionnaire about SH. Participants were classified into the following HIV/SH groups: [HIV+/good sleep health (SH+; n=34); HIV−/SH+ (n=32); HIV−/poor sleep health (SH−; n=18) and HIV+/SH− (n=32)]. Results: For both HIV+ and HIV− individuals, poor SH was associated with lower cognitive performance, with the domains of learning and memory driving the overall relationship. The HIV+/SH− group had poorer scores in domains of learning and memory compared to the SH+ groups. Additionally, the HIV−/SH− group demonstrated poorer learning compared to the HIV−/SH+ group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sleep problems within medical populations are relevant to cognitive functioning, highlighting the clinical and scientific importance of monitoring sleep health and cognition to help identify individuals at greatest risk of poor health outcomes. Longitudinal investigations using both objective and subjective measures of sleep are needed to determine the robustness of the current findings and the enduring effects of poor SH in the context of chronic disease. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1038–1046)

scholarly journals 0507 Mobile Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is Efficient in Improving Sleep in Students

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A194-A194
Author(s):  
S Eyal ◽  
Y Altman ◽  
A Baharav
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Difficulties

Abstract Introduction Academic achievements and social life on campus represent the main focus for students, while sleep is neglected. The emergence of social media, gaming reduces sleep opportunity, quality and ability. Students are sleep challenged and prone to develop chronic sleep difficulties in later life. Cognitive behavioral interventions are recognized as effective for insomnia and circadian misalignment. We aimed at detecting sleep difficulties, related habits, and at testing the efficacy of a mobile app in improving sleep in students with insomnia symptoms. Methods Observational study of US students who approached wellness staff and were offered the Refresh by Sleeprate mobile app that provides a sleep assessment followed by weekly cycles of personalized digital cognitive and behavioral reframing. The app collects perceived, and optional objective sleep data acquired using wearable devices. 892 students aged 18-30 years registered an account between Jan 1 and Oct 30, 2019. The study reports engagement data and outcomes of the assessment and the digital intervention. Results 507 completed their assessment (6.2 avg nights). 69% presented insomnia symptoms with or without circadian misalignment, 8% circadian misalignment, 12% sleep deprivation, 11% poor sleep hygiene. 192 (55.3% of students with insomnia symptoms) completed at least one week of intervention (5.6 weekly avg nights, 28 avg total nights). Sleep Latency (SL) in minutes decreased from 28.8 (21.5) (Mean/SD) to 22.1 (19.3), p<0.001. When the initial mean SL was longer than 30 minutes, the improvement was larger, from 53.9 (20.8) to 32.7 (25.4) (p<0.001). Mean perceived Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) longer than 30 minutes decreased from 46.3 (19.0) to 35.8 (21.4), p<0.05. Sleep Efficiency (SE) increased by 1.6% (p<0.002) for all, and by 7.1% (p<0.001) for SE<85%. Conclusion The mobile app used reveals sleep problems and is efficient in improving insomnia symptoms in those who remain engaged. 55% of those who started the program also completed it. Engagement remains the main barrier to sleep improvement at scale. Support N/A

scholarly journals PERSONALITY AND SELF-REPORTED AND ACTIGRAPHY-MEASURED SLEEP HEALTH IN ADULTHOOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S779-S779
Author(s):  
Nasreen A Sadeq ◽  
Nasreen A Sadeq ◽  
Soomi Lee ◽  
Alyssa Gamaldo ◽  
David M Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Personality may be associated with sleep health, however, the majority of existing studies rely on self-reported measures of sleep (often focusing on sleep duration). The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between Big Five personality traits and self-reported and actigraphy measured sleep. This study included 3928 participants and a subsample of 441 participants from the Midlife in the United States study. Linear regressions were used to analyze the relationships between personality traits and sleep. Neuroticism was associated with more frequent actigraphy-measured waking after sleep onset, and several self-reported measures of sleep quality, including shorter sleep duration, longer sleep latency, and a greater number of insomnia symptoms. Agreeableness was associated with shorter actigraphy-measured sleep duration and more self-reported insomnia symptoms. Our findings support an association between Neuroticism and poor sleep, and suggest that Agreeableness may be associated with worse sleep health.

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