Effects of Sleep Health on Cognitive Function in HIV+ and HIV– Adults

AbstractObjectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to report sleep difficulties and cognitive deficits. While cognitive impairment associated with sleep problems have been found in healthy and medical populations, less is known about the effects of poor sleep health (SH) on cognition among PLWH. This study examined differences in cognitive performance among participants classified based upon their HIV status and reported SH. Methods: One hundred sixteen (N=116) adults recruited from the Greater Los Angeles community were administered a comprehensive cognitive test battery and completed a questionnaire about SH. Participants were classified into the following HIV/SH groups: [HIV+/good sleep health (SH+; n=34); HIV−/SH+ (n=32); HIV−/poor sleep health (SH−; n=18) and HIV+/SH− (n=32)]. Results: For both HIV+ and HIV− individuals, poor SH was associated with lower cognitive performance, with the domains of learning and memory driving the overall relationship. The HIV+/SH− group had poorer scores in domains of learning and memory compared to the SH+ groups. Additionally, the HIV−/SH− group demonstrated poorer learning compared to the HIV−/SH+ group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sleep problems within medical populations are relevant to cognitive functioning, highlighting the clinical and scientific importance of monitoring sleep health and cognition to help identify individuals at greatest risk of poor health outcomes. Longitudinal investigations using both objective and subjective measures of sleep are needed to determine the robustness of the current findings and the enduring effects of poor SH in the context of chronic disease. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1038–1046)

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Longitudinal Associations Between Parenting Practices and Youth Sleep Problems

10.31234/osf.io/zwhc4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Acosta ◽

Justin Parent ◽

Dana L. McMakin ◽

Laura McKee ◽

Karissa DiMarzio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parenting Practices ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Adjustment Difficulties ◽

Optimal Profile ◽

Parental Emotion ◽

Person Centered Approach ◽

Parenting Profiles

Objective: Sleep problems among youth are highly prevalent and associated with adjustment difficulties. When considering influences on youth's sleep, parenting practices have been previously linked to poor sleep in youth. However, research is lacking on which parenting practices longitudinally predict the development and maintenance of sleep problems in youth. Additionally, sensitive periods for this link are mostly unknown. The current study examined longitudinal relations between constellations of parenting practices and youth sleep health in order to identify profiles of parenting practices that are predictive of sleep problems in youth across different developmental stages. Method: Participants were 292 parents (M = 36.51, SD = 7.3) of children between the ages of 3 and 14 (M = 8.4, SD = 3.6). A person-centered approach was employed to create profiles across positive and negative parenting practices, as well as supportive and unsupportive parental emotion socialization strategies. Parenting profiles were then examined as longitudinal predictors of youth sleep problems. Results: Findings revealed three distinct parenting profiles, which consisted of one optimal profile, a second intermediate profile, and a third maladaptive profile. These parenting profiles were differentially associated with sleep problems in youth, with the optimal profile predicting the lowest levels of sleep problems and the maladaptive profile predicting the highest levels of sleep problems, particularly among peripubertal youth. Conclusion: This study extends previous findings by elucidating distinct constellations of parenting practices that are differentially predictive of youth sleep problems and highlighting parenting as a crucial and longitudinal contributor to youth’s sleep health.

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Sleep Problems, Cumulative Risks, and Psychological Functioning in Early Childhood

Journal of Pediatric Psychology ◽

10.1093/jpepsy/jsab022 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ariel A Williamson ◽

Mattina Davenport ◽

Olivia Cicalese ◽

Jodi A Mindell

Keyword(s):

Executive Functioning ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Psychological Functioning ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Cumulative Risk ◽

Risk Exposure ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Cumulative Risks ◽

Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Background Sleep problems and cumulative risk factors (e.g., caregiver depression, socioeconomic disadvantage) have independently been linked to adverse child development, but few studies have examined the interplay of these factors. We examined whether cumulative risk exposure moderated the link between sleep problems, including insomnia and poor sleep health, and child psychological outcomes. Methods 205 caregiver-child dyads (child Mage = 3.3 years; 53.7% girls; 62.9% Black, 22.4% non-Latinx White, and 4.4% Latinx; 85.4% maternal caregiver reporter) completed child sleep, family sociodemographic, and child psychological functioning (internalizing, externalizing, and executive functioning) questionnaires. Indexes of cumulative risk exposure, insomnia symptoms, and poor sleep health were created. Results Ninety percent of children had ≥1 cumulative risks, 62.9% had ≥1 insomnia symptom, and 84.5% had ≥1 poor sleep health behavior. Increased insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with increased child internalizing, externalizing, and global executive functioning impairments controlling for child age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Poor sleep health behaviors were associated with internalizing concerns. Cumulative risk exposure was not associated with outcomes but moderated the association between insomnia symptoms and all psychological outcomes, such that children with higher cumulative risk exposure and insomnia symptoms had the greatest impairments. Children with the poorest sleep health behaviors and highest cumulative risks had the greatest internalizing concerns. Conclusions Insomnia symptoms in particular are associated with poor child outcomes, which are exacerbated when accompanied by greater cumulative risk exposure. Clinicians should assess sleep when treating early psychological concerns, especially within the context of increased cumulative risks.

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What is Known About Students and Sleep: Systematic Review and Evidence Map

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/21582440211032162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 215824402110321

Author(s):

Ann Kristin Bjørnnes ◽

Astrid Torbjørnsen ◽

Berit Taraldsen Valeberg ◽

B. Bente Sparboe-Nilsen ◽

Ida Hellum Sandbekken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Education Students ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Evidence Map ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mapping Process

Higher education students are considered to belong to a population susceptible to poor sleep health; however, there is a lack of broader evidence reviews. This systematic review aims to map out and categorize the existing literature related to higher education students and sleep. The present evidence map is based on a comprehensive systematic literature search of ten electronic databases, which resulted in 15,286 unique citations. After title/abstract, and full-text screening: 515 studies were included in the final map. Most of the studies were cross-sectional ( n = 357, 69%), while 77 (15%) studies assessed the effectiveness of an intervention. Sixty-eight (13%) studies followed a cohort prospectively over time, and 8 (2%) studies utilized a qualitative design. The most frequent outcome was the proportion of sleep problems, which was reported in 226 (44%) studies. Weekday sleep duration was reported in 156 (30%) studies. Results from this mapping process suggest that evidence about students` sleep health is emerging; however, the evidence base is mostly quantitative and descriptive, and there is a lack of sleep health programs designed for students.

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A multilevel examination of sleep, depression, and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105318765632 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (10-11) ◽

pp. 1556-1566 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Brooke G Rogers ◽

Jasper S Lee ◽

Sierra A Bainter ◽

C Andres Bedoya ◽

Megan Pinkston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Related Quality ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Sleep problems are prevalent in people living with HIV/AIDS; however, few studies examine how poor sleep affects mental health and quality of life longitudinally. A sample of people living with HIV/AIDS from a randomized trial ( N = 240; mean age = 47.18; standard deviation = 8.3; 71.4% male; 61.2% White) completed measures of depression (Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale), health-related quality of life (AIDS Clinical Trial Group Quality of Life Measure), and life satisfaction (Quality of Life Inventory) at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 months. Controlling for time, condition, and relevant interactions, sleep problems significantly predicted worse outcomes over time ( ps < 0.001). Findings have implications for the importance of identifying and treating sleep problems in people living with HIV/AIDS to improve mental health and quality-of-life outcomes.

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Sleep disturbance, psychiatric issues, and employment status of Iranian people living with HIV

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05755-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arezu Najafi ◽

Marzieh Mahboobi ◽

Khosro Sadeghniiat Haghighi ◽

Faezeh Aghajani ◽

Amin Nakhostin-Ansari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Employment Status ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Psychological Issues ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Psychiatric Issues

Abstract Objectives There are limited studies on the psychological issues and sleep problems among the Iranian people living with HIV (HIV). In this study, we aimed to assess sleep disorders, psychiatric characteristics, and employment status among Iranian PLWH. Results In total, 304 PLWH with a mean age of 40.01 (SD = 9.60) years participated in the study. About 72% of the participants had a global PSQI score of more than 5, with a mean score of 7.71 (SD = 3.31). About 55.6%, 50%, and 67.4% of subjects had abnormal scores for depression, anxiety, and stress. Unemployed participants had 2.13 times more chance (95% CI 1.01–4.53) of having poor sleep quality compared to employed patients, and stress increased its likelihood by 3.18 times (95% CI 1.47–5.88).

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Prevalence of Poor Sleep and Relationship of Physical Exercise with Sleep among Male Adult Exercisers

Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies ◽

10.26710/jafee.v6i2.1233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 539-545

Author(s):

Asif Ali ◽

Muhammad Azam ◽

Faisal Mehmood

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Exercise Frequency ◽

Participation Level ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Physical exercise has been suggested to show beneficial effects for various diseases and also for sleep. This study aims to assess the prevalence of sleep problems, and the relationship of physical exercise with sleep health among adult male exercisers. A total of 199 randomly selected athletes (all males) took part in this study. All participants responded to a questionnaire consisted of items related to demographic information that also included sports participation level, and playing experience. Self-reported sleep quality and physical exercise were using PQSI and three items concerning exercise frequency, intensity, and duration. The analysis revealed following main findings: 1) a significant negative correlation between physical exercise and sleep medication, 2) a significantly negative relationship between sports/ exercise participation level and sleep disturbance, 3) an 3.7 average global score of PSQI in total sample, 4) Exercise frequency was negatively correlated with daytime dysfunction whereas exercise intensity was negatively correlated with sleep disturbance and sleep efficiency but positively correlated with daytime dysfunction, 5) and prevalence of poor sleep in 22 % participants. There is some possibility to suggest that exercise may improve sleep health among adult male exercisers. The increased exercise frequency more positive impact to improve sleep but the relationship between exercise intensity and sleep remains inconclusive. existence of sleep problems in athletic population essentially require further attention for reducing the prevalence of poor sleep using other approaches along with continue doing exercise for good sleep.

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Staying Physically Active Is Associated with Better Mental Health and Sleep Health Outcomes during the Initial Period of COVID-19 Induced Nation-Wide Lockdown in Jordan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020776 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 776

Author(s):

Yazan A. Al-Ajlouni ◽

Su Hyun Park ◽

Jude Alawa ◽

Ban Dodin ◽

Ghaith Shamaileh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Initial Period ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Health

Jordan, a Middle Eastern country, initially responded to an outbreak of COVID-19 cases within its own borders by imposing a 7-week strict lockdown and closure of international and domestic travel. Such measures drastically influenced lifestyle behaviors of the population. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical activity, and its association with mental and sleep health outcomes among Jordanians during a period of COVID-19 induced lockdown. Validated questionnaires were administered using a web-based platform to evaluate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), anxiety and depressive symptoms, sleep health, and sociodemographic characteristics. A modified Poisson regression model with robust error variance was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared to participants who met the guidelines, those who did not had significantly higher prevalence of moderate or severe anxiety symptoms than that of minimal or mild anxiety symptoms and increased depressive symptoms. Insufficient MVPA was associated with higher prevalence of poor sleep quality, short sleep duration (<7 h) and sleep problems. Overall, sufficient MVPA was associated with better mental and sleep health during the COVID-19 induced nation-wide lockdown in Jordan. While further research is necessary, promoting physical activity during the lockdown could potentially improve mental and sleep health outcomes among the population.

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0345 Poor Sleep Health in Informal Caregivers Mediated by Depressed Affect

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A131-A131

Author(s):

V R Marino ◽

S Lee ◽

W E Haley

Keyword(s):

Sleep Problems ◽

Informal Caregivers ◽

The United States ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Depressed Affect ◽

Continuous Scale ◽

The Relationship ◽

Chronic Sleep

Abstract Introduction Informal caregiving has been linked to higher perceived stress. Caregiving stress may be associated with poor sleep. Studies report low sleep quality among caregivers, however, little is known about whether informal caregivers have poorer sleep health than non-caregivers across multiple sleep dimensions. Less is known about whether potential poor sleep health in informal caregivers is explained by depressed mood. This study examined the mediating effect of depressed affect on the relationship between caregiving status and multidimensional sleep health. Methods 208 current informal caregivers were compared to 3,342 non-caregivers from the Midlife in the United States study (Mage=55.77±12.29). Using seven domains of sleep (i.e., regularity, satisfaction in sleep, alertness, sleep duration, sleep latency, insomnia, and chronic sleep problems), a composite score of sleep health was constructed using clinically-relevant and previously-used cutoffs (Range=0-7; higher scores indicating better sleep health). Depressed affect was measured by a continuous scale based on 7 items. The Hayes PROCESS macro with bootstrapping method was used to test mediation with sociodemographic covariate adjustment. Results Caregivers had poorer sleep health than non-caregivers (β = -0.17; 95% CI = [-.331, -.016]). This association was mediated by depressed affect (indirect effect = -.026; 95% CI = [-.061, -.000]). Specifically, caregiving status was associated with greater depressed affect (β = 0.234; 95% CI = [.019, .450]) and greater depressed affect was associated with poorer sleep health (β = -.112; 95% CI = [-.136, -.089]). The direct effect of caregiving status on sleep health was attenuated when the mediator was considered (β = -0.148; 95% CI = [-.303, -.008]) indicating full mediation. Conclusion Compared to non-caregivers, informal caregivers have poorer sleep health, and this is mostly due to their greater depressed affect. Stress adaptation techniques such as mindfulness and positive reappraisal may promote better sleep health in informal caregivers through improved affect. Support N/A

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Presence and Persistence of Sleep-Related Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in Psychiatric Inpatients

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000279 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 398-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Michael R. Nadorff ◽

Thomas E. Ellis ◽

Jon G. Allen ◽

E. Samuel Winer ◽

Steve Herrera

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Inpatient Treatment ◽

Improve Method ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Psychiatric Inpatients ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Treatment Termination ◽

Suicidal Patients ◽

The Relationship

Background: Although sleep is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior, research has yet to examine the association between sleep problems and suicidality across the course of inpatient treatment. This study examined the relationship among sleep-related symptoms and suicidal ideation across inpatient treatment. Aims: To examine whether poor sleep at admission longitudinally predicts less improvement in suicidal ideation over the course of treatment. Further, to examine whether suicidal ideation is reduced in patients whose sleep does not improve. Method: The study utilized the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II, which contains items measuring depressive symptoms, sleep-related symptoms, and suicidal ideation. The study sample consisted of 1,529 adult psychiatric inpatients. Patients were assessed at admission, biweekly, and at treatment termination. Results: Admission fatigue, loss of energy, and change in sleep pattern were associated with higher levels of suicidal ideation at admission and discharge. Fatigue at admission predicted suicidal ideation at termination independent of admission depression and suicidal ideation. Individuals whose sleep did not improve over the course of treatment had significantly higher suicidal ideation scores at termination relative to those whose sleep symptoms improved, after controlling for sleep, depression, and suicidal ideation scores at admission. Conclusion: These findings suggest that persistence of sleep-related symptoms warrants clinical attention in the treatment of suicidal patients.

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Effect of a physical activity and sleep m-health intervention on a composite activity-sleep behaviour score and mental health: a mediation analysis of two randomised controlled trials

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01112-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mitch J. Duncan ◽

Anna T. Rayward ◽

Elizabeth G. Holliday ◽

Wendy J. Brown ◽

Corneel Vandelanotte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Trial Registration ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Intervention Effects ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background To examine if a composite activity-sleep behaviour index (ASI) mediates the effects of a combined physical activity and sleep intervention on symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress, quality of life (QOL), energy and fatigue in adults. Methods This analysis used data pooled from two studies: Synergy and Refresh. Synergy: Physically inactive adults (18–65 years) who reported poor sleep quality were recruited for a two-arm Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) (Physical Activity and Sleep Health (PAS; n = 80), or Wait-list Control (CON; n = 80) groups). Refresh: Physically inactive adults (40–65 years) who reported poor sleep quality were recruited for a three-arm RCT (PAS (n = 110), Sleep Health-Only (SO; n = 110) or CON (n = 55) groups). The SO group was omitted from this study. The PAS groups received a pedometer, and accessed a smartphone/tablet “app” using behaviour change strategies (e.g., self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning), with additional email/SMS support. The ASI score comprised self-reported moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, resistance training, sitting time, sleep duration, efficiency, quality and timing. Outcomes were assessed using DASS-21 (depression, anxiety, stress), SF-12 (QOL-physical, QOL-mental) and SF-36 (Energy & Fatigue). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 months (primary time-point), and 6 months. Mediation effects were examined using Structural Equation Modelling and the product of coefficients approach (AB), with significance set at 0.05. Results At 3 months there were no direct intervention effects on mental health, QOL or energy and fatigue (all p > 0.05), and the intervention significantly improved the ASI (all p < 0.05). A more favourable ASI score was associated with improved symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, QOL-mental and of energy and fatigue (all p < 0.05). The intervention effects on symptoms of depression ([AB; 95%CI] -0.31; − 0.60,-0.11), anxiety (− 0.11; − 0.27,-0.01), stress (− 0.37; − 0.65,-0.174), QOL-mental (0.53; 0.22, 1.01) and ratings of energy and fatigue (0.85; 0.33, 1.63) were mediated by ASI. At 6 months the magnitude of association was larger although the overall pattern of results remained similar. Conclusions Improvements in the overall physical activity and sleep behaviours of adults partially mediated the intervention effects on mental health and quality of life outcomes. This highlights the potential benefit of improving the overall pattern of physical activity and sleep on these outcomes. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12617000680369; ACTRN12617000376347. Universal Trial number: U1111–1194-2680; U1111–1186-6588. Human Research Ethics Committee Approval: H-2016-0267; H-2016–0181.

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