The Impact of Broadband Access on Social and Economic Integration: Results from the RefugeeMobile Pilot

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N Evans ◽  
Brendan Perry ◽  
Rachel Factor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broadband Access ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Group Members ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Internet is a ubiquitous feature of everyday life and an important research question is whether improving broadband access for at-risk groups such as refugees enhances social and economic outcomes. The article reports the results of the RefugeeMobile pilot where a sample of refugees to the United States were randomly assigned a smartphone (n = 82) with eight months of free service and pre-loaded apps designed to help them adjust to life in the United States, or not (n = 74). At a one-year follow-up, results indicate that assignment to treatment generates statistically significant increases in smartphone ownership and Internet access, and some measures of social integration. Results for employment and earnings were positive but statistically insignificant. Treatment-group members had fewer interactions with their case worker, a smaller fraction of in-office visits and hence a larger fraction of interactions by phone than control-group members, suggesting the pilot may have increased programme efficiency.

Exposure in and Out of School: A Black Bermudian Male's Successful Educational Journey

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ty-Ron M. O. Douglas ◽  
Noelle Witherspoon Arnold
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Success ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

Background/Context The influence of non-school based venues has been historically significant for people of African descent who have often had to buttress their schoolhouse experiences with support from community-based influences. For example, Black churches, barbershops and athletic environments like basketball courts, and soccer and cricket clubs are particularly relevant for Black males in spaces like Bermuda and urban communities in the United States. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study Drawing on a larger oral history project, this paper reports the findings of a secondary narrative analysis of a Black Bermudian male to provide an in-depth understanding of his in-school and out-ofschool educational experiences, identity construction and success. The authors seek to answer the following research question: How does a Black Bermudian male describe the impact of his ethnic community for shaping his successful educational journey? Research Design While the larger oral history study includes data collected from 12 Black Bermudian males, the scope of this article specifically focuses on the secondary narrative analysis of the experiences of one of the participants, Brandon Smith. As a published author, high-ranking civil servant, and prominent community leader, Brandon is arguably one of the most successful Black Bermudian males of his generation. Findings/Results The results of the study reveal that the participant's educational success was undergirded by his exposure to varying constructs related to his personal and cultural identity; exposure to engaged educators, mentors, spaces, and opportunities in elementary, secondary, and post-secondary settings; and exposure to mechanisms of identity and success in the geographical spaces of Bermuda, the Caribbean, and the United States. Conclusions/Recommendations Three subsections of the participant's exposure are discussed in the manuscript: nondeficit community and school-based exposure, multigenerational academically legitimizing support, and border crossing exposure. This study suggests that a Black Bermudian male can experience educational success when his educational journey inside and outside of school provides balance between his knowledge and acceptance of his identity. The authors contend that the schoolhouse is not the only space or variable that defines or prepares Black males for academic (or personal) success. Furthermore, many students who identify as African American in school may also have familial connections to the Caribbean, Africa, South America, Europe, Bermuda, and other jurisdictions. As such, educators should consider the significance of regional differences on Black male identities (e.g., North, South, East, West, Midwestern), and find ways to help students see relevance between their personal identities and larger causes and contexts.

scholarly journals Why African Americans Are a Potential Target for COVID-19 Infection in the United States

10.2196/19934 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. e19934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Hamidian Jahromi ◽  
Anahid Hamidianjahromi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Since the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic, significant changes have occurred in the United States as the infection spread reached and passed its exponential phase. A stringent analysis of COVID-19 epidemiologic data requires time and would generally be expected to happen with significant delay after the exponential phase of the disease is over and when the focus of the health care system is diverted away from crisis management. Although much has been said about high-risk groups and the vulnerability of the elderly and patients with underlying comorbidities, the impact of race on the susceptibility of ethnic minorities living in indigent communities has not been discussed in detail worldwide and specifically in the United States. There are currently some data on disparities between African American and Caucasian populations for COVID-19 infection and mortality. While health care authorities are reorganizing resources and infrastructure to provide care for symptomatic COVID-19 patients, they should not shy away from protecting the general public as a whole and specifically the most vulnerable members of society, such as the elderly, ethnic minorities, and people with underlying comorbidities.

Effectiveness of HCC treatments in real-world experiences.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 61-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen I. Misek ◽  
Mark Keckeisen ◽  
Venkata K Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Real World ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sorafenib Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

61 Background: The global incidence of HCC is over 700,000 patients making it the sixth leading cancer. Recently new drugs have been approved to treat HCC. Nevertheless, prognosis is poor with a 5 year survival of 11%. Hence, it is important to understand if there are differences in OS in the Real World (RWE) based on patient demographics, comorbidities and whether current treatments are effective. Methods: A robust global database of HCC patients was constructed from patient chart data with nearly 4,000 unique patient records from the United States, the European Union, and Asia in 2011. Several hypotheses were tested including the impact of ethnicity, presence of Hep B or C or cirrhosis, stage at diagnosis and/or if current treatments used could predict PFS and /or OS. CART and CHAID analyses were conducted to help determine patient segments and treatment flows in conjunction with Kaplan-Meier plots to understand the differences in survival based key patient and treatment attributes. Results: One year survival appears to be associated with geography as it is significantly lower in China/ Korea compared to the United States and the European Union. Significantly higher one year survival rates are observed for HCC patients in the European Union and the United States receiving TACE compared with patients receiving sorafenib first line. However, in Asia there are no differences. Across all three regions sorafenib use does not effect OS in Stage IV patients. Further, no significant differences in one year survival are seen in patients with Hep C or B or cirrhosis compared to those with no history of liver disease. Sorafenib treatment duration in China appears to be substantially lower. Finally, Child-Pugh C patients had lower survival compared to Child-Pugh A or B patients. Conclusions: Early diagnosis, intervention and treatment of HCC appear to be important predictors of survival. Stratifying groups by type of drug treatment including sorafenib use does not appear to have a measurable effect on OS. Efforts aimed towards screening, early detection and treatment initiation during early stages to improve RWE for HCC patients may be more effective than expanding treatment with sorafenib in late stage patients. Given the lack of significance in OS for late stage patients treated with sorafenib across the globe, serious thought should be given its use for late stage patients.

Population-Based Analysis of Firearm Injuries among Young Children in the United States, 2010–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cook ◽  
David Hosmer ◽  
Laurent Glance ◽  
Bindu Kalesan ◽  
Jordan Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Firearm Injuries ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Firearm violence in the United States knows no age limit. This study compares the survival of children younger than five years to children and adolescents of age 5–19 years who presented to an ED for gunshot wounds (GSWs) in the United States to test the hypothesis of higher GSW mortality in very young children. A study of GSW patients aged 19 years and younger who survived to reach medical care was performed using the Nationwide ED Sample for 2010–2015. Hospital survival and incidence of fatal and nonfatal GSWs in the United States were the study outcomes. A multilevel logistic regression model estimated the strength of association among predictors of hospital mortality. The incidence of ED presentation for GSW is as high as 19 per 100,000 population per year. Children younger than five years were 2.7 times as likely to die compared with older children (15.3% vs 5.6%). Children younger than one year had the highest hospital mortality, 33.1 per cent. The mortality from GSW is highest among the youngest children compared with older children. This information may help policy makers and the public better understand the impact of gun violence on the youngest and most vulnerable Americans.

Why African Americans Are a Potential Target for COVID-19 Infection in the United States (USA). (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Hamidian Jahromi ◽  
Anahid Hamidianjahromi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
The Impact

UNSTRUCTURED While WHO has officially announced that COVID-19 outbreak reaching a pandemic level, things have significantly changed inside USA, as this infection spread has reached its exponential phase. A stringent analysis of the COVID-19 epidemiologic data requires much more time and would generally be expected to happen after the exponential phase of the disease is over and when the focus of the health-care system is diverted away from crisis-management. Although much is said about high-risk groups and the vulnerability of elderly and patients with underlying comorbidities, the impact of race and its implications on susceptibility of ethnic minorities in indigent societies towards COVID-19 has not been discussed. There are currently some data on disparities between African American and Caucasians for COVID-19 infection and mortality. While the health-care authorities are reorganizing their resources and the infrastructure to provide care for the COVID-19 symptomatic patients, they should not shy away from protecting the general public as a whole and specifically the most vulnerable members of society, such as the elderly, ethnic minorities, and people with underlying comorbidities as well as African Americans.

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