s.Three Contemporary Applications, 14 Equity in Health: Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
McGovern Terry ◽  
Ahmed Aziza
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
Health Rights ◽  
Development Agendas

This chapter examines the evolution of international human rights standards for health equity, focusing on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). A rich history of women’s rights advocacy informs the international commitments that define SRHR. Over time, sexual and reproductive health rights have been incorporated into development agendas, clarified by treaty bodies, expanded to include sexual minorities, and implemented (or not) at the national level. With the progressive trajectory of SRHR increasingly uncertain, there are continuing challenges to the realization of SRHR, including the continuing criminalization of those who seek out sexual and reproductive health services, the rise of right-wing populism in direct opposition to feminist advancements, and the pushback against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights. Given rising opposition to sexual rights, safe abortion, and sexuality education, creative stealth advocacy will be required to advance SRHR.

Equity in Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 307-326
Author(s):  
Terry McGovern ◽  
Aziza Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
Health Rights ◽  
Development Agendas

This chapter examines the evolution of international human rights standards for health equity, focusing on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). A rich history of women’s rights advocacy informs the international commitments that define SRHR. Over time, sexual and reproductive health rights have been incorporated into development agendas, clarified by treaty bodies, expanded to include sexual minorities, and implemented (or not) at the national level. With the progressive trajectory of SRHR increasingly uncertain, there are continuing challenges to the realization of SRHR, including the continuing criminalization of those who seek out sexual and reproductive health services, the rise of right-wing populism in direct opposition to feminist advancements, and the pushback against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights. Given rising opposition to sexual rights, safe abortion, and sexuality education, creative stealth advocacy will be required to advance SRHR.

scholarly journals Reproductive Health Right Practice among Preparatory School Female Students of Assela Town, Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mesfin Tafa Segni ◽  
Tigist Tafa ◽  
Hailu Fekadu ◽  
Shimelis Adugna ◽  
Meselech Assegid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
School Students ◽  
Preparatory School ◽  
Arsi Zone ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Health Rights

Introduction. Knowledge and practice toward reproductive health right (RHR) is critical to protect young women, especially school girls, from unwanted reproductive outcomes as improving access to reproductive health services. However, the majority of young people including female secondary school students in Ethiopia have very little knowledge on the youth’s reproductive health rights. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and practice toward reproductive health right among preparatory female students in Assela Town, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia. Methods. A study was conducted among 403 preparatory school female students in Assela Town. Simple random sampling was employed to select the subjects, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were entered using EPI Info version 3.5.4 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was carried out. Result. Sixty percent of girls discussed reproductive issues openly with their peers. About 94% of the respondents knew, at least, one contraceptive method; injectable (91.2%) was the most known type of contraceptives. Marital status, father occupation, discussion on sexual and reproductive issues, and having sexual partners were affecting the practice of reproductive health rights. Conclusions. Knowledge of the students was moderate on reproductive health right which was 70%. Practice of sexual and reproductive health rights was 22.6% among the study participants. It is recommended that promotion on sexual and reproductive health right through media is important.

scholarly journals Committing to comprehensive sexuality education for young people in Eastern and Southern Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Comprehensive Sexuality Education ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Eastern And Southern Africa

The Ministerial Commitment on Comprehensive Sexuality Education and Sexual and Reproductive Health Services for Adolescents and Young People in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), or the ESA Commitment, was affirmed December 7, 2013, by 21 countries located across this region during the 17th International Conference on AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Africa. The ESA Commitment speaks to the numerous practices and challenges of school age populations stemming from interplay among education, health, and contextual issues varying by country. Analysis of this policy is approached using methodology drawn from Bartlett and Vavrus (2014, 2017) and using a lens of policy borrowing, particularly focused on incorporating agency, process, impact, and timing (Steiner-Khamsi, 2000, 2010). This analysis seeks to understand the ESA Commitment and national curriculum subsequently implemented in Zambia by situating these actions among broader international, regional, and national discourse in the area of sexual and reproductive health and education for young people between 1994 and 2016. Through analysis considering its effectiveness in terms of implementation, scalability, and sustainability, its ability to enable progress towards improving the lives of young people, especially through increased knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention, is examined and recommendations are presented.

scholarly journals Assessment of access and utilization of adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health services in western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Tilahun ◽  
Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma ◽  
Motuma Getachew ◽  
Assefa Seme
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Reproductive Health Service ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract Background Despite Ethiopia's enormous effort in youth-friendly service provision, little was investigated about the challenges of accessing sexual and reproductive health services in Western Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess factors associated with the utilization of adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health services in this area. Methods A community-based cross-sectional quantitative method mixed with the qualitative inquiry was conducted among 771 adolescents and youth aged 15 to 24 years from February 1 to 28, 2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using pretested structured questionaries. Data were entered using EPI-INFO version 7.0 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were performed. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used and statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. The qualitative inquiry was collected through in-depth interviews with service providers, focus group discussions, and observation checklists of service units in the study facilities. Data were analyzed thematically. Results The mean age of participants was 18.99 years (SD ± 2.49). Two hundred seventeen (28.1%) of participants reported that they have ever heard about adolescents' and youth’s reproductive health services. Only 66 (8.6%) have ever visited health facilities for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Factors associated with the utilization of sexual and reproductive health service were age from 15 to 19 years (AOR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.17, 0.76), history of having sexual intercourse(AOR = 5.34;95%CI: 2.53, 11.23), ever heard about sexual reproductive health service (AOR = 11.33; 95%CI: 5.59, 22.96), and visited a health facility for other health services (AOR = 5.12; 95%CI:1.72,15.24). Conclusion Sexual and reproductive health service utilization among adolescents and youth was found to be low. The factors associated with adolescents and youth sexual and reproductive health services utilization were age, history of ever having sexual intercourse, ever heard about SRH services, and visit the health facility for other services. Therefore, it is better if the concerned bodies work on improving awareness of adolescents and youth towards SRH services and integrating these services into other routine services.

scholarly journals Assessment of access and utilization of Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health services  in Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Tilahun ◽  
Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma ◽  
Motuma Getachew ◽  
Assefa Seme
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Reproductive Health Service ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Abstract Background Despite Ethiopia's enormous effort in youth-friendly service provision, little was investigated about the challenges of accessing sexual and reproductive health services in Western Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess access and utilization of adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health services in this area. Methods A community-based cross-sectional quantitative method mixed with the qualitative inquiry was conducted among 771 adolescents and youths aged 15 to 24 years from February 1 to 28, 2020. Data were collected through face to face interview using pretested structured questionaries. Data were entered using EPI-INFO version 7.0 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were performed. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used and statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. The qualitative inquiry was collected through in-depth interviews with service providers, focus group discussions, and observation checklists of service units in the study facilities. Results The mean age of participants was 18.99 years (SD ± 2.49). Two hundred seventeen (28.1%) of participants reported that they have ever heard about adolescents and youths' reproductive health services. Only 66 (8.6%) have ever visited health facilities for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Factors associated with the utilization of sexual and reproductive health service were age from 15 to 19 years (AOR = 0.36;95%CI:0.17,0.76), history of having sexual intercourse(AOR = 5.34;95%CI: 2.53,11.23), ever heard about sexual reproductive health service (AOR = 11.33; 95%CI: 5.59, 22.96), and visited a health facility for other health services (AOR = 5.12; 95%CI:1.72,15.24). Conclusion Sexual and reproductive health service utilization among adolescents and youths was found to be low. The factors associated with adolescents' and youths' sexual and reproductive health services utilization were age, history of ever having sexual intercourse, ever heard about SRH services, and visit of health facility for other services. Therefore, it is better if the concerned bodies work on improving awareness of adolescents and youths towards SRH services and integrating these services into other routine services.

Ensuring Reproductive Rights of Women in Nepal: Law and Praxis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
D. N. Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Health Rights

 Reproductive rights are fundamental rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world, but have a commonality about the protection, preservation and promotion of a woman‘s reproductive health rights. Reproductive rights include the right to autonomy and self-determination , the right of everyone to make free and informed decisions and have full control over their body, sexuality, health, relationships, and if, when and with whom to partner, marry and have children , without any form of discrimination, stigma, coercion or violence. The access and availability of reproductive health services are limited due to geography and other issues, non-availability and refusal of reproductive health services may lead to serious consequences. The State need to ensure accessibility, availability, safe and quality reproductive health services and address the lifecycle needs of women and girls and provide access of every young women and girls to comprehensive sexuality education based on their evolving capacity as their human rights, through its inclusion and proper implementation in school curriculum, community-based awareness program and youth led mass media. It is necessary for strengthening compliance, in a time-bound manner, with international human rights standards that Nepal has ratified that protect, promote, and fulfill the basic human rights and reproductive health rights in Nepal and also need to review standards and conventions that Nepal has had reservations about or those that have been poorly implemented in the country.

scholarly journals The role of partners in promoting self-care for misoprostol and subcutaneous DMPA in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qudsia Uzma ◽  
Nausheen Hamid ◽  
Rizwana Chaudhri ◽  
Nadeem Mehmood ◽  
Atiya Aabroo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Reproductive Health Services

Abstract Background Pakistan is among a number of countries facing protracted challenges in addressing maternal mortality with a concomitant weak healthcare system complexed with inequities. Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) self-care interventions offer the best solution for improving access to quality healthcare services with efficiency and economy. This manuscript documents country experience in introducing and scaling up two selected SRHR self-care interventions. A prospective qualitative study design was used and a semi-structured questionnaire was shared with identified SRHR private sector partners selected through convenience and purposive sampling. The two interventions include the use of misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage and the use of subcutaneous depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) as injectable contraceptive method. Data collection was done through emails and telephone follow-up calls. Results Nine of the 13 partners consulted for the study responded. The two selected self-care interventions are mainly supported by private sector partners (national and international nongovernmental organizations) having national or subnational existence. Their mandates include all relevant areas, such as policy advocacy, field implementation, trainings, supervision and monitoring. A majority of partners reported experience related to the use of misoprostol; it was introduced more than a decade ago, is registered and is procured by both public and private sectors. Subcutaneous DMPA is a new intervention, having been introduced only recently, and commodity availability remains a challenge. It is being delivered through health workers/providers and is not promoted as a self-administered contraceptive. Community engagement and awareness raising is reported as an essential element of successful field implementation; however, no beneficiary data was collected for the study. Training approaches differ considerably, are standalone or integrated with SRHR topics and their duration varies between 1 and 5 days, covering a range of cadres. Conclusion Pubic sector ownership and patronage is essential for introducing and scaling up self-care interventions as a measure to support the healthcare system in delivering quality sexual and reproductive health services. Supervision, monitoring and reporting are areas requiring further support, as well as the leadership and governance role of the public sector. Standardization of trainings, community awareness, supervision, monitoring and reporting are required together with integration of self-care in routine capacity building activities (pre- and in-service) on sexual and reproductive health in the country.

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