Part III Innovation and Trade-Finance Challengers, 13 The Bank Payment Obligation as a Signal Step in the Evolution of Digital Trade Finance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mugasha Agasha
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Financial Instrument ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Niche Market ◽  
Letter Of Credit ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Digital Era

The bank payment obligation (‘BPO’) is a new digital financial instrument intended to secure payment and facilitate finance for goods and services in the supply chain. Like the letter of credit, it relies on the banking network to transmit trade and payment information; unlike the letter of credit, however, it is based on the electronic transmission and matching of structured data on an independent transaction matching application. It thus avoids the physical examination of documents by the banks and moves payment services further in the digital era. Focusing on the legal aspects as envisaged in the Uniform Rules for Bank Payment Obligations (‘URBPO’), this chapter notes that the BPO will co-exist with the pre-existing trade methods of open account and letters of credit, and will operate best in the niche market where the trading parties have prioritised digital trade. In a wider perspective, its principles will likely inspire the further digitalisation of trade finance.

Part III Innovation and Trade-Finance Challengers, 14 Something Old, Something New: Open Account, Prepayment, and Supply Chain Finance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hare Christopher
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Letter Of Credit ◽  
Payment Mechanism ◽  
Supply Chain Finance ◽  
Supply Chain Financing ◽  
Technology Competition ◽  
Legal Difficulties ◽  
Over Time

Letters of credit have increasingly come under strain as a payment mechanism in international trade as a result of increased technology, competition, and regulation. At the same time, the letter of credit’s efficiency has reduced over time as a result of its processing costs and speed. The space created by the decline of the letter of credit has been filled by trade parties turning to open account and prepayment terms, whilst using Supply Chain Financing (‘SCF’) techniques to provide the requisite liquidity. The advantages of such payment terms are principally their speed, convenience and cost, all of which the letter of credit increasingly lacks. Accordingly, it is unlikely that this trend towards SCF techniques will abate any time soon. Nevertheless, there are still legal difficulties associated with such payment and liquidity-enhancing techniques, as well as uncertainty associated with the regulatory and accounting treatment of these devices. If open-account trading and SCF techniques are going to eclipse the letter of credit as a payment mechanism, these challenges will have to be addressed.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Cooperation between the Participants in the Supply Chain in the Tourism-Related Branch of Industry in Relation to Client Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kozicka ◽  
Sebastian Kot ◽  
I Gede Riana
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Client Satisfaction ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Statistical Relevance ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Managing a tourism supply chain is predominantly focused on managing a tourism-specific product that can be perceived as all kinds of goods and services utilized by tourists during their trips. The predominant goal of this article is to empirically identify the level of engagement of entities operating in the tourism-oriented branch of industry concerning the satisfaction of end-customers with the offered tourism-related services and products. Within the scope of this study, the statistical relevance of elements of active cooperation within a tourism-specific supply chain was analyzed. Empirical examinations covered the assessment of the cooperation within the framework of the tourism-oriented supply chain and its impact on consumer satisfaction. A research questionnaire was utilized to meet examination-specific goals. Theoretical considerations and the analysis of branches of industry in relation to the available statistical data showed that tourist-oriented supply chain covers various entities, the engagement of which may have a factual impact on the efficiency of managing the entire chain, as well as on the overall client satisfaction, improving tourism sustainability. The obtained results clearly showed that the examined entities considered the analyzed cooperation aspects to be very important with regard to the supply chain management. Said aspects included the total length of cooperation within the framework of a particular supply chain, which, according to the examined entities, directly translated into the quality of cooperation—to either significant or very significant extent, as well as making it much easier to solve certain problems that were strictly connected with the provision of tourism-oriented services. Yet another aspect of cooperation that was touched upon was the transfer of the so-called know-how between the entities engaged in a given supply chain. As proven by the examination, 70% of the surveyed entities claimed that it was of significant or very significant importance. The last analyzed aspect of cooperation were relations between the supply chain-specific partners and their impact on the satisfaction of end customers. According to over half of the sample (61.54%), decent relations between supply chain participants affected the satisfaction of end customers to a notable extent.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Digital Supply Chain on Operational Performance: A Study of the Food and Beverage Industry in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5109
Author(s):  
Mohammad Agung Saryatmo ◽  
Vatcharapol Sukhotu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage

In this rapidly developing digital era, digital transformations take place within every industry, and they have effects on the management of the supply chains. The aim of this study is to delve into the influence of the digital supply chain on the quality, productivity, and cost reduction aspects of operational performance. This study relies on quantitative methodology and data collected from the food and beverage industry of Indonesia. Data from a survey comprising a total of 209 responses were selected for investigation. PLS-SEM was used to perform the analysis. The investigation reveals that the digital supply chain has significant effects on operational performance in terms of quality, productivity, and cost reduction performance. This study contributes to the understanding of supply chain management by addressing the knowledge gap associated with the digital supply chain. In particular, it has concentrated on the hitherto unresearched effect of operational performance in the context of the Indonesian manufacturing industry.

scholarly journals The influence of dimensions of organisational culture on supply chain performance in selected state-owned enterprises in Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Musanzikwa ◽  
Manduth Ramchander
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Supply Chain Performance ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Customer Learning

Background: Despite being strategic, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have failed to fulfil their mandate. Supply chain performance is ineffective largely because of weak organisational culture.Objectives: To explore the extent to which organisational cultural factors have influenced the supply chain performance of SOEs, review the literature; effectiveness of attaining financial targets, customer satisfaction, internal business processes, learning and growth; time orientation on the supply chain metric of delivery. The supply chain metric of flexibility; profitability on cost reduction; ‘no ownership’ culture on decision-making; and the level of customer satisfaction.Method: A mixed-method was used. The population comprised managers, employees and clients of eight selected SOEs. Judgmental, random and convenience sampling were employed. Questionnaires and interviews were the research instruments and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Findings are presented thematically, in line with the research questions.Results: SOEs were not meeting financial targets, not satisfying customers, poor internal business processes not attaining learning and growth targets. Organisational cultural variables were weak; affecting flexibility, no timely delivery of goods and services. Also influenced the behaviour of human resources and an indirect effect on customer satisfaction, cost-saving and profitability in the SOEs.Conclusion: The SOEs failed to meet financial, customer, learning and growth targets. The internal business processes were not effective. The culture did not promote efficiency. The study recommends that commitment of leadership on human behaviour is necessary for effective supply chain performance and strategy implementation. Constant environmental scanning, strategic alliances, rationalisation of remuneration and sound corporate governance are essential.

scholarly journals Efficient Financing, Banking, and Foreign Exchange Operations in Mitigating Refined Petroleum Shortages In Nigerian Downstream Petroleum Supply Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dr. Itsekor Lucky Ubini
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Letter Of Credit ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Strategic Role

Eve ry enterprise in Nigeria depends on refined petroleum product for either transportation, power, or heat source.The recurrent shortages or scarcity of petroleum products in Nigeria cripples business activities, which undermines the development of the economy. The purpose of this multiple case study was to identify the strategic role of finance, banks, and foreign exchange in mitigating petroleum shortages in the petroleum supply chain and to sustain business development in Nigeria. The study participants include ten senior leaders from two private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had successfully implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The resource based view theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. Data were collected through semi structured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply or marketing companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation. The findings indicate that petroleum leaders must engage with efficient banks to obtain loans or letter of credit, liquidate letter of credit on time, obtain foreign exchange at best rates, and avoid documentation hitches and delays on international transactions.Findings may be used by petroleum business leaders and investors to create effective and efficient financial resource management strategies in the supply chain, leading to product availability, sustainability, poverty reduction, and economic development.

scholarly journals Role of Hospital Digital Services in Improvement of Clinical Regime of Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassim Bout ◽  
Fatima Ouzayd ◽  
Kawtar Retmi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Management Approaches

Context: Healthcare supply chain management is the regulation of the flow of medical goods and services from manufacturers to patients. Supply chain management encompasses the planning and managing of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Therefore, it greatly helps material managers to manage through continuous improvement efforts while maintaining the quality of care. Moreover, reinforcing healthcare logistics information technology (IT) architecture immediately leads to more patient satisfaction. Objectives: This study aimed to develop an architecture for designing efficient software aiding with the management of the healthcare supply chain. Methods: This study showed the role of digital services in the improvement of the clinical regime of patients by presenting different approaches with distinguishing the main types of hospital logistics, such as physical flow management, food safety, and cold chain management approaches (e.g., “moving forward”), and modeling these components using the solution architecture principles of ITs, such as Business Process Model and Notation. Results: This study proposed a hospital enterprise architecture by modeling a system to have a base for building a digital catering service that improves the clinical regime of patients.

Impact of Digitalization on the Efficiency of Supply Chain Management in the Digital Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Anna Mikhaylova ◽  
Tatyana Sakulyeva ◽  
Tamara Shcherbina ◽  
Natalia Levoshich ◽  
Yuri Truntsevsky
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Supply Management ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Russian Federation

The study considers digital supply management from the perspective of the involvement in international trade. A SWOT analysis of the concept has been carried out; the concept strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats have been highlighted. The hypothesis has been thoroughly considered through the example of the following countries: the Russian Federation (RF), the People's Republic of China, and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG); in particular, the correlation between the volume of external traffic and the investment in SCM software was built. It has been revealed that in some countries an increase in the volume of external traffic due to an increase in investment in SCM software is associated with the complication and globalization of supply chains, which increases the competitiveness of goods and services of these countries. A composite index that takes into account the efficiency of the supply chain using digital technologies has been developed.

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