Do We Need Another Eating Disorder?

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Pamela K. Keel
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Purging Disorder

Most people know about anorexia and some know about bulimia, but very few have ever heard of purging disorder. Purging disorder is an eating disorder characterized by self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications to influence weight or shape in individuals who are not underweight and who do not have large binges. This chapter describes how and when purging disorder was first identified, placing it in the context of the identification of other eating disorders and the factors that determine whether a condition should be considered a new mental disorder. It describes how purging disorder came to be included as an “other specified feeding or eating disorder” in the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

scholarly journals Eating disorders in children: is avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder a feeding disorder or an eating disorder and what are the implications for treatment?

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace A. Kennedy ◽  
Madeline R. Wick ◽  
Pamela K. Keel
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Feeding Disorders ◽  
Feeding Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
A Current

Avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a current diagnosis in the “Feeding and Eating Disorders” section of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(fifth edition) and captures a heterogeneous presentation of eating disturbances. In recent years, ARFID has been studied primarily within the context of eating disorders despite having historical roots as a feeding disorder. The following review examines ARFID’s similarities with and differences from feeding disorders and eating disorders, focusing on research published within the last three years. Implications of this differentiation for treatment are discussed.

The Classification of Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Gordon ◽  
Jill M. Holm-Denoma ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
Stephen A. Wonderlich
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Dsm Iv

The purpose of the chapter is to elucidate the key issues regarding the classification of eating disorders. To this end, a review of nosological research in the area of eating disorders is presented, with a particular focus on empirically based techniques such as taxometric and latent class analysis. This is followed by a section outlining areas of overlap between the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) eating disorder categories and their symptoms. Next, eating disorder classification models that are alternatives to the DSM-IV-TR are described and critically examined in light of available empirical data. Finally, areas of controversy and considerations for change in next version of the DSM (i.e., the applicability of DSM criteria to minority groups, children, males; the question of whether clinical categories should be differentiated from research categories) are discussed.

Eating Disorders

2014 ◽  
pp. 391-409
Author(s):  
Robyn Sysko ◽  
G. Terence Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Dsm Iv

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) describes two eating disorder diagnoses, anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Provisional criteria are also provided in DSM-IV for binge eating disorder (BED), which is an example of an eating disorder not otherwise specified. This chapter presents a summary and synthesis of research related to the clinical features and treatment of AN, BN, and BED, including studies of prevalence, common comorbidities, and treatment efficacy. Both psychological and pharmacological treatments are reviewed, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, family therapy, and the use of antidepressant medications. Recommendations are made for future research across the eating disorders.

The DSM-V Project: Bad Science Produces Bad Psychiatry

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm V

The project to develop the successor to fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has been under way for 10 years, yet it is still several years from completion, and the field trials, the most difficult and expensive part, have not even started. This article explores the reasons why the project is struggling, arguing that the defects the Diagnostic and Statistical Model-V (DSM-V) Committee has found are not chance or random problems that can be overcome by more money but rather represent serious conceptual errors in the very basis of the ideas underlying the project. As a result of these errors, it is predicted that the entire notion of valid categories of mental disorder will collapse in self-contradiction. One of the most recent suggestions for a new disorder, psychotic risk syndrome (now APSS), is used to demonstrate how the principles of science cannot accommodate the unstated ideological demands driving the DSM-V project.

Transforming Normality into Pathology: The DSM and the Outcomes of Stressful Social Arrangements

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan V. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Social

The sociology of stress shows how nondisordered people often become distressed in contexts such as chronic subordination; the losses of status, resources, and attachments; or the inability to achieve valued goals. Evolutionary psychology indicates that distress arising in these contexts stems from psychological mechanisms that are responding appropriately to stressful circumstances. A diagnosis of mental disorder, in contrast, indicates that these mechanisms are not functioning as they are designed to function. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, however, has come to treat both the natural results of the stress process and individual pathology as mental disorders. A number of social groups benefit from and promote the conflation of normal emotions with dysfunctions. The result has been to overestimate the number of people who are considered to be disordered, to focus social policy on the supposedly unmet need for treatment, and to enlarge the social space of pathology in the general culture.

An epidemiological study on eating disorders in two high schools in Naples

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 342-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Cotrufo ◽  
V Barretta ◽  
P Monteleone
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Dsm Iv

SummaryIn this study, we investigated the prevalence of full syndrome (FS), partial syndrome (PS) and subclinical syndrome (SCS) eating disorders in a sample of 356 high school girls. We identified two cases of anorexia nervosa (0.56%), 14 of bulimia nervosa (3.94%) and one of binge eating disorder (0.28%) according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV. Moreover, 17 girls (4.77%) were recognized as PS cases and 49 (13.7%) as SCS cases. A follow-up is now ongoing to explore the clinical evolution of partial and subclinical syndromes.

The Present and Future of Psychiatric Diagnosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Psychiatric disorders are currently diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the closely related International Classification of Diseases. Both diagnostic classification schemes are descriptive and based on a collection of signs and symptoms associated with a given disorder. The fundamental weakness of the schemes is that they are not based on the underlying genetic or neurobiological etiology or pathophysiology of a disorder which of course remain unknown for all common psychiatric syndromes. As more is learned about the biological basis of a mental disorder it will be possibly increasingly to build more accurate diagnostic schemes with greater prognostic and treatment validity.

Eating disorders in adolescents: how does the DSM-5 change the diagnosis?

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fisher ◽  
Marisol Gonzalez ◽  
Joan Malizio
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to determine the changes in diagnosis that occur in making the transition from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria in an adolescent medicine eating disorder program. Methods: During the months of September 2011 through December 2012, a data sheet was completed at the end of each new outpatient eating disorder evaluation listing the patient’s gender, age, ethnicity, weight, height, DSM-IV diagnosis, and proposed DSM-5 diagnosis. Distributions were calculated using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon rank sum analyses to determine differences between diagnostic groups. Results: There were 309 patients evaluated during the 16-month period. DSM-IV diagnoses were as follows: anorexia nervosa, 81 patients (26.2%); bulimia nervosa, 29 patients (9.4%); binge eating disorder, 1 patient (0.3%); and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), 198 patients (64.6%). By contrast, DSM-5 diagnoses were as follows: anorexia nervosa, 100 patients; atypical anorexia nervosa, 93 patients; avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, 60 patients; bulimia nervosa, 29 patients; purging disorder, 18 patients; unspecified feeding or eating disorder, 4 patients; subthreshold bulimia nervosa, 2 patients; subthreshold binge eating disorder, 2 patients; and binge eating disorder, 1 patient. Conclusion: Almost two thirds (64.6%) of the 309 patients had a diagnosis of EDNOS based on the DSM-IV criteria. By contrast, only four patients had a diagnosis of unspecified feeding or eating disorder based on the DSM-5 criteria. These data demonstrate that the goal of providing more specific diagnoses for patients with eating disorders has been accomplished very successfully by the new DSM-5 criteria.

Essstörungen

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Knoll ◽  
Manuel Föcker ◽  
Johannes Hebebrand
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Die fünfte Revision des Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) hat für den Bereich Essstörungen einige wesentliche Änderungen erbracht. Im DSM-5 werden erstmalig Fütter- und Essstörungen in einer Kategorie zusammengefasst. Zu den klassischen Essstörungen zählt neben Anorexia nervosa (AN) und Bulimia nervosa (BN) nun auch die Binge-Eating-Störung (BES) als eigenständige Diagnose. Die Kriterien für AN sind zum Teil wesentlich verändert worden, während nur wenige Kriterien der BN abgeändert wurden. Die Kriterien der BES unterscheiden sich nur marginal von den Forschungskriterien im DSM-IV. Unter einer neuen Kategorie «Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder» wurden einzelne Subdiagnosen für AN, BN und BES gefasst und spezifische Kriterien genannt. Die Restkategorie «Nicht näher bezeichnete Fütter- oder Essstörungen» wurde umbenannt in «Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder». Ob sich die DSM-5-Kriterien für Essstörungen und v. a. für AN in der Klinik und Forschung als klinisch praktikabel bewähren, bleibt abzuwarten.

Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 387-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Sysko ◽  
G. Terence Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Dsm Iv

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) describes two eating disorder diagnoses, anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Provisional criteria are also provided in DSM-IV for binge eating disorder (BED), which is an example of an eating disorder not otherwise specified. This chapter presents a summary and synthesis of research related to the clinical features and treatment of AN, BN, and BED, including studies of prevalence, common comorbidities, and treatment efficacy. Both psychological and pharmacological treatments are reviewed, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, family therapy, and the use of antidepressant medications. Recommendations are made for future research across the eating disorders.

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