Pathomorphological changes in the early postnatal period in a calf with abomasum rupture

The main cause of the disease and death of calves in the early postembryonic period of development is a feeding disorder. The aim of the work was to analyze macro-and micromorphological changes in the digestive system of a calf with a rennet rupture. To achieve this goal, standard macro-and microscopic research methods were used. Macroscopic examination revealed thickening, erosion of the mucous membrane of the esophageal gutter rollers, accumulation of contents in the scar, mesh and book, hyperemia of the mucous membranes; thinning and rupture of the rennet wall; pronounced hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, thickening of the mucous membrane of the thick section; an increase in mesenteric lymph nodes and a change in their consistency. Microscopically, the thickness of the epithelium, submucosal and muscle layer is most developed in the abomasum and was, respectively, 0.68-0.72 mm, 0.23-0.32 mm and 0.98-1.05 mm. Villi were found in the folds of the scar, numerous well – developed longitudinally oriented protrusions were found in the book, lymphocellular clusters and bottom glands were found in the rennet; folds with well – developed crypts were found in the colon. Thus, as a result of feeding coarse feed, the deceased calf has catarrhal erosive lesions of the esophageal trough; serous-catarrhal abomasitis with signs of hemorrhagic with dilation and perforation in the cardiac part; hemorrhagic omasitis against the background of a book blockage; catarrhal reticulitis; catarrhal ruminitis and catarrhal enterocolitis.

Texture Consumption Patterns of 8- to 12-Month-Old Infants: A Reflection of Typical Feeding Development

Purpose The lack of age-appropriate expectations for the acquisition of feeding skills and consumption of textured food in early childhood inhibits early and accurate identification of developmental delay in feeding and pediatric feeding disorder. The objective of this study was to describe texture intake patterns in a cohort of typically developing infants between 8 and 12 months of age, with the aim of informing future research to establish targets for feeding skill acquisition. Method Using cross-sectional methodology, we studied the presence of liquid and solid textures and drinking methods in the diet, consumption patterns by texture and drinking methods, and caloric intake by texture via caregiver questionnaire and 3-day dietary intake record in 63 healthy infants between 8 and 12 months of age. Descriptive statistics and a one-way analysis of variance were conducted to compare the effect of age on texture intake patterns. Results Findings reveal rapid advancement of intake patterns for texture overall and for energy intake by texture between 8 and 12 months of age. Whereas liquids continue to provide a large proportion of total energy through this time, solids contribute an equal proportion of energy by 12 months of age. Conclusions This study describes texture intake patterns in a cohort of typically developing infants between 8 and 12 months of age by examining the presence of texture and drinking methods, liquid and solid consumption patterns, and energy intake by texture. When applied to data from a future population sample, findings will provide a threshold for age expectations for typical and disordered feeding development to aid in the detection of developmental delay in feeding and pediatric feeding disorder. What Is Known: Expectations regarding early feeding development have been focused on nutrition parameters. Lack of standardized, age-appropriate expectations for texture progression in infancy and early childhood inhibits early and accurate identification and treatment of pediatric feeding disorder. What Is New: We have described changes in dietary composition by texture and drinking method in healthy infants. Together with nutritional composition, this study describes a more comprehensive assessment of infant feeding, particularly to clinicians who need to diagnose feeding skill deficits. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16879615

Build Independent Self-feeding Function: A Pilot Study on a Child with Autism and Feeding Disorder

The high occurrence of feeding disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder has caught the attention of professionals from different disciplines. When taking an insight into their feeding problems, mixed physical, behavioral and psychological difficulties were encountered, such as oral skill deficits (e.g., chew, swallow, and coordination), fine motor skill deficits, food selectivity (e.g., texture aversion), food neophobia, and so on. However, the traditional non-oral tube feeding method for maintaining their nutrition consumption is criticized as too intrusive and inadequate for training self-feeding skills. Therefore, to target both establishing independent self-feeding function and food consumption variety (nutrition) while using less intrusive intervention method, the present study tested the effectiveness of a multicomponent behavioral intervention protocol on a child with autism and feeding disorder, setting across physical, behavioral and psychological background. A task analysis on self-feeding function resulted in a backward-chain training procedure on swallowing, chewing, and fine motor skills, separately and then combined. The training procedure consisted of 3 key components: 1) swallowing training, 2) chewing training starting with using a chew facilitator tube, 3) fine motor training targeting on self-feeding; and 4) fine motor-chewing-swallowing coordination training with multiple types of food. The results showed the present multicomponent behavioral intervention protocol successfully established the participant’s self-feeding skills: ameliorated his oral and fine motor skills, cultivated his independent self-feeding function, and increased his food consumption volume and variety.

Relationship between Anthropometric Parameters and Sensory Processing in Typically Developing Brazilian Children with a Pediatric Feeding Disorder

In this study, we aimed to relate anthropometric parameters and sensory processing in typically developing Brazilian children diagnosed with a pediatric feeding disorder (PFD). This was a retrospective study of typically developing children with a PFD. Anthropometric data were collected and indices of weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, and body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age) were analyzed as z-scores. Sensory profile data were collected for auditory, visual, tactile, vestibular, and oral sensory processing. We included 79 medical records of children with a PFD. There were no statistically significant (p > 0.05) relationships between the anthropometric variables (weight-, length/height-, or BMI-for-age) and the sensory variables (auditory, visual, tactile, vestibular, or oral sensory processing). In conclusion, we found no relationship between anthropometric parameters and sensory processing in the sample of typically developing Brazilian children diagnosed with a PFD under study.

Come riconoscere un feeding disorder

Feeding disorders (FDs) are a large group of behaviours characterized by selectivity, inadequate intake and refusal of food. These disorders are frequent in children (10-15% < 3 years old) and their causes are multiple and variably combined. FDs have a significant impact in everyday life for the child, their family and caregivers inside or outside the school environment. In the last few years in the Department of Paediatric Dysphagia in Bologna (Italy) an increase in the number of healthy children with insufficient oral intake or extremely selective food behaviour, due to selecting in type, texture, smell or appearance of food, has been observed. These children tend to develop dysfunctional or oppositional behaviours during mealtime. This growing need requires the implementation of a network with local paediatricians that focalize the feeding disorder and refer the family to a multidisciplinary assessment. The multidisciplinary team identifies behavioural strategies, structural changes to the mealtime and at the same time introduces intervention for the sensorial normalization. The primary goal is the caregivers’ training: parents and school staff are constantly supported as they offer the child new, different, pleasant and adequate food proposals, avoiding to stop at first refusal. Parent training plays a significant role during such intervention, as it reduces mealtime stress and improves child-parent relationship. The introduction of new strategies during mealtime in a playful, positive and cheerful setting encourages the child’s willingness to taste new foods or new textures. Moreover, their peer and parent modelling improves the outcome.

A novel mutation in MTM1 gene in newborn, resulting in centronuclear myopathy phenotype: a case report

Background The X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a rare congenital disease. Its main symptoms are hypotonia, dysmorphic facial features, respiratory failure, and feeding disorder. Case presentation This study reports on a male patient from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, who presented symptoms of congenital myopathy. After eliminating many other possible causes, he was eventually proven to bear a c.197C>G, p.(Thr66Arg) MTM1 mutation, a variant of uncertain significance, never described in the literature before. Family of the patient underwent the same genetic tests that proved the mother to be the carrier of mutation. Conclusion The article is a first report on abovementioned, newly discovered mutation in MTM1 gene, with high probability leading to the centronuclear myopathy phenotype. It also summarizes the diagnostic process and current state of knowledge about the therapy and prognosis for children with XLMTM. The authors hope that the findings will contribute to the diagnostic process of subsequent patients.