Threat Assessment of Targeted Honor-Based Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
Henrik Belfrage ◽  
Linda Ekman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Safety Plan ◽  
Structured Professional Judgment ◽  
Victim Vulnerability

Honor-based violence can be defined as “any actual attempted or threatened physical harm of a family member with honor as a principle motive.” In its most extreme form it is manifested as murder of a family member (most often a woman or girl), or an intimate partner of a family member, because of the perpetrator’s belief that the victim has brought dishonor on the family. This chapter describes PATRIARCH, a structured professional judgment tool for assessing risk and threat of honor-based violence. The tool includes 15 factors, comprising the nature and pattern of the honor-based violence behavior, perpetrator risk factors, and victim vulnerability factors. The use of the tool in practice is described using a case example where the factors are exemplified and a summary risk formulation and a safety plan are made.

Intimate Partner Violence, Stalking, and Femicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-209
Author(s):  
P. Randall Kropp ◽  
Alana N. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Promising Practices ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Structured Professional Judgment

Professionals are commonly asked to address the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) in criminal justice, civil court, health care, workplace, and post-secondary settings. This chapter reviews the literature addressing risk factors for IPV and the state of the art for threat assessment tools for this form of violence. Special attention is given to the topics of stalking and killing of intimate partners. While these issues are related to the more general problem of IPV, they require some unique considerations in conducting threat assessments. The chapter concludes that there remain difficulties in the field in defining “threat,” determining the role of the victim in threat assessment, and implementing effective risk management strategies. Promising practices in assessing and managing stalking are presented along with a model for formulating risk in high-lethality situations. Finally, a case study is presented to illustrate a structured professional judgment (SPJ) approach to threat assessment in this context.

Verbal Marital Conflict and Male Domination in the Family as Risk Factors of Intimate Partner Violence

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Vives-Cases ◽  
Diana Gil-González ◽  
Mercedes Carrasco-Portiño
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Male Domination ◽  
The Family

Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the Arab Countries: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802095309
Author(s):  
Amera Mojahed ◽  
Nada Alaidarous ◽  
Hanade Shabta ◽  
Janice Hegewald ◽  
Susan Garthus-Niegel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Family

Intimate partner violence (IPV) profoundly damages physical, sexual, reproductive, and psychological health, as well as social well-being of individuals and families. We sought in this systematic review to examine the risk factors according to the integrative ecological theoretical framework for IPV for women living in the Arab countries. We searched Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS, supplemented by hand searching of reference lists. A research strategy was developed and observational studies were included if they considered female participants (age ≥13) in heterosexual relationships, estimates of potential risk factors of IPV, and IPV as a primary outcome. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the risk factors data from 30 cross-sectional studies. Factors associated with increased IPV against women were extracted and categorized into four levels according to the updated integrative ecological model. At the individual level, risk factors were either related to victims or perpetrators of IPV. Factors relating to marriage, conflict within the family, etc., were explored and included within the family level, whereas factors relating to the extended family and the nature of marriage were included in the community level. Finally, risk factors relating to the cultural context that are influenced by the political and religious backgrounds were included in the societal level. The complex structure of violence against women in the Arab world calls for socioculturally sensitive interventions, which should be accompanied by systematic and structured work aimed at improving Arab women’s status at all levels.

Abstract P387: Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Children in a 20 year Community Study: Influence of the Family

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L Nelson ◽  
Laura Dvorak ◽  
Kathy Kioussopoulos ◽  
Gary Luckasen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Family Member ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Northern Colorado ◽  
The Family

Background: High cholesterol, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and obesity can be identified during childhood. Identifying the underlying contributors to such risk factors may allow young families the opportunity to modify health habits. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and their associated predictors among Northern Colorado children and their families. Methods: The Poudre Valley Health System (PVHS), Healthy Hearts Club has provided a successful cardiovascular screening program for the past ∼20 years (1993–2011) to identify risk factors among students in six Northern Colorado school districts (a primarily white population ∼90%). Schools were selected based on willingness to participate. Data were collected cross-sectionally with objective measures of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), blood pressure and body mass index (BMI). Surveys were filled out by the parent and/or legal guardian and included questions about diet and physical activity of the child as well as these behaviors and risk factors among family members. Results: There were 9,363 children with information for the measured risk factors (mean age, 10.4 years, range, 6.2–18 years, 49% female). The prevalence of the six measured risk factors included 39% with total cholesterol > 170 mg/dl, 10.7%, with HDL-C < 35 mg/dl, 11.7% with Cholesterol/HDL ratio >4.8, 7.2% with systolic blood pressure > 120 mmHg, 8.2% with diastolic blood pressure > 80 mmHg and 21.1% with BMI > 85 percentile for age and sex. There were 40.8%, 35%, 14.5%, 6.2%, 2.4%, 0.8% and 0.2% with 0–6 risk factors respectively. Of those with zero risk factors 25.7% reported a family member (other than the child) being overweight while 68.2% reported such among those with five risk factors; similarly 16.4% reported a family member who smokes (among children with zero risk factors) as compared to 24% with five risk factors. High cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes trended similar. Conclusions: The prevalence of CVD risk factors among these children is substantial and is associated with such risk factors among the family. This data suggests risk factor reduction must not be done in isolation of the family.

Stalking Threat and Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-234
Author(s):  
Troy E. McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
The Third ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Research Findings

Stalking poses unique challenges for those seeking to characterize, assess, and manage the risks associated with this complex behavior. The victims, perpetrators, and specific behaviors involved in stalking vary dramatically, and legal definitions of stalking offenses are specific to particular jurisdictions. This chapter provides a practical, evidence-based overview of key considerations for conducting threat and risk assessments that can inform effective management of stalking cases. It is broken into four sections, with the first highlighting key concepts and issues assessors should be aware of when responding to a stalking case. The second section discusses the nature of risk and threat in stalking situations, then provides a review of research findings about risk factors for different domains of stalking risk. The third section introduces the three extant instruments designed to guide assessment of stalking risks, and reviews research evaluating their reliability and validity, before the fourth and final section of the chapter discusses stalking threat assessment and management in the context of prior intimate partner abuse or when cyberstalking is present.

World studies of abuse in the family environment – risk factors for physical intimate partner violence

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jeyaseelan ◽  
Laura S. Sadowski ◽  
Shuba Kumar ◽  
Fatma Hassan ◽  
Laurie Ramiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals Previous experience of family violence and intimate partner violence in pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Bernarda Ludermir ◽  
Thália Velho Barreto de Araújo ◽  
Sandra Alves Valongueiro ◽  
Maria Luísa Corrêa Muniz ◽  
Elisabete Pereira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The Family ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE To estimate differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. METHODS A nested case-control study was carried out within a cohort study with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18–49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Strategy of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The cases were the 233 women who reported intimate partner violence in pregnancy and the controls were the 499 women who did not report it. Partner violence in pregnancy and previous experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were modeled to identify differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. RESULTS Having seen the mother suffer intimate partner violence was associated with physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.62; 95%CI 1.89–3.63) and in adolescence (OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.01–2.13), sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.28; 95%CI 1.68–6.38) and intimate partner violence during pregnancy (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01 – 2.12). The intimate partner violence during pregnancy was frequent in women who reported more episodes of physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.08; 95%CI 1.43–3.02) and adolescence (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.07–2.47), who suffered sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.92; 95%CI 1.86–8.27), and who perpetrated violence against the partner (OR = 8.67; 95%CI 4.57–16.45). CONCLUSIONS Experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members emerge as strong risk factors for intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Identifying and understanding protective and risk factors for the emergence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and its maintenance may help policymakers and health service managers to develop intervention strategies.

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