Substance Use Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Faith Summersett Williams ◽  
Rebecca E. Ford-Paz ◽  
Jason Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Parsimonious Model

The etiology of substance use disorders in adolescence has been traced in part to untreated or undertreated internalizing disorders. Integrated treatment for co-occurring psychopathology and substance use is highly recommended for this population. There has been increasing interest in transdiagnostic interventions that offer a more efficient, acceptable, and parsimonious model for clinicians to learn to treat substance use that co-occurs with other emotion-based disorders. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A) overlaps with many of the treatment targets proposed in transdiagnostic treatment models for addictions and comorbid emotional disorders. This chapter provides a framework, based on the adolescent addiction treatment literature, to guide implementation of the UP-A with comorbid emotional and substance use disorders.

scholarly journals Initial Effectiveness Evaluation of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders for Homeless Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 014544552098256
Author(s):  
Sara Rodriguez-Moreno ◽  
Todd J. Farchione ◽  
Pablo Roca ◽  
Carolina Marín ◽  
Ana I. Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Homeless Women ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders adapted for homeless women (UPHW). Eighty-one homeless women participated in this single-blinded quasi-experimental clinical trial, involving up to 12 sessions of group treatment, and 3-and 6-month follow-ups. The participants received either immediate treatment with the UPHW ( n = 46) or delayed treatment, following a 12-week wait-list control period (WLC; n = 35). Primary outcomes included depression and anxiety. Secondary measures comprised positive and negative affect, psychological well-being, health perception, and social support. The UPHW resulted in significant improvement on measures of anxiety, depression and negative affect. Improvements in anxiety and depression were maintained over a 3-month follow-up period, but not at 6-month. The reliability of the clinical changes showed significant differences between UPHW and WLC for depression. Moreover, the inter-session assessment in the UPHW group showed a linear trend reduction for depression and anxiety scores along the 12 sessions. The clinical implications on the UPHW in social settings are also discussed.

Effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth L. Varkovitzky ◽  
Andrew M. Sherrill ◽  
Greg M. Reger
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol

Effective treatment options are needed for veterans who do not participate in trauma-focused psychotherapy. Research has yet to examine the effectiveness of transdiagnostic psychotherapy in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and co-occurring psychological disorders. This pilot study examined the effectiveness of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) delivered in a 16-week group format. We examined treatment outcomes in male and female veterans ( n = 52) in an outpatient specialty PTSD clinic at a large Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center. We hypothesized significant decreases in emotion regulation difficulty (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale), PTSD symptom severity (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5), and depressive symptom severity (Patient Health Questionnaire–9). In addition, we hypothesized that reductions in emotion regulation difficulty across treatment would negatively predict PTSD and depressive symptoms at posttreatment. PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and emotion regulation difficulty all evidenced significant improvements at the end of treatment relative to baseline ( ps < .001). In addition, reductions in emotion regulation across treatment were associated with lower PTSD and depressive symptoms at posttreatment ( ps < .001). This pilot study provides preliminary evidence supporting use of UP among veterans with PTSD and co-occurring disorders. Well-designed clinical trials evaluating efficacy of UP among veterans are needed.

scholarly journals Implementation and Evaluation of a Text Message–Based Addiction Counseling Program (Text4Hope-Addiction Support): Protocol for a Questionnaire Study

10.2196/22047 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e22047
Author(s):  
Vincent Israel Opoku Agyapong ◽  
Marianne Hrabok ◽  
Wesley Vuong ◽  
April Gusnowski ◽  
Reham Shalaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Demographic Correlates

Background With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing counseling to people with drug or alcohol addiction while maintaining physical distance has been challenging. This protocol describes the use of text messaging (as used in the Text4Hope-Addiction Support program) as a convenient, evidence-based, cost-effective, and accessible population-level mental health intervention with high user satisfaction proven in prior research. Objective The project goal is to implement a program of daily supportive text messaging (Text4Hope-Addiction Support) to reduce drug or alcohol cravings as well as anxiety and depression, typically associated with alcohol and substance use disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of cravings, anxiety, and depressive symptoms; demographic correlates of the same; and the outcomes of the Text4Hope-Addiction Support intervention in mitigating cravings, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Methods Self-administered, anonymous, online questionnaires will be used to assess cravings for the primary substance of addiction (Brief Substance Craving Scale), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Data will be collected at baseline (onset of receiving text messages), program midpoint (6 weeks), and program end (12 weeks). Results As of October 2020, data collection is in progress; and it is expected to be completed by fall 2021. Data analysis will include parametric and nonparametric techniques, focusing on primary outcomes (ie, cravings, anxiety, and depressive symptoms) and metrics of use, including the number of subscribers and user satisfaction. Conclusions This Text4Hope-Addiction Support project will provide key information regarding the prevalence rates of cravings, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among persons with alcohol and substance use disorders; demographic correlates of cravings, anxiety, and depression; and outcome data related to this scalable population-level intervention. Information from this study will be valuable for addiction care practitioners; it will inform the policy and decision making regarding population-level addiction treatment and support during emergencies. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/22047

scholarly journals Co -occurring Mental Disorders among In-patients in a Substance use Disorder Treatment Center in Plateau State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
D M Makput
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Functional Abnormality ◽  
Plateau State

Patients with psychoactive substance use disorders (SUD) often have co- occurring medical and mental disorders. This occurs as a result of a number of factors, for instance, drug abuse may facilitate the full expression of a latent psychiatric disorder; mental disorder may lead to SUD (drugs used for self- medication; or both SUD and mental disorders are caused by the same underlying brain deficit such as genetic vulnerability, neurotransmitter abnormality, structural or functional abnormality, and so on. After obtaining ethical clearance, the case notes of all patients who were admitted in the Centre for Addiction Treatment and Research, (CATR) Vom, Plateau state throughout the first quarter of year 2019 were traced. A systematic random sample of every third consecutive patient was selected beginning with the first patient admitted and relevant data were collected and analyzed. A total of fourty- eight (48) in-patients were analyzed. Ninety -four percent (94%) of the patients were males, the mean age of 23.6 + 5 years with 46% being below 25 years of age. Fourty-six percent (46%) had cannabis as their primary drug followed by alcohol (32%) and opioids (28%). Only 1 % had a history of injecting drug use. Twenty-nine percent (29%) of the SUD patients had co-occurring depression, nine percent (8%) had anxiety disorder, and five percent (4%) had Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in addition to their substance use disorder. In line with sustainable development goals (SDG) goal 3.5 which seeks to “strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse including narcotics drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol”; identifying co-occurring mental disorders among patients with substance use disorders is one way of moving closer towards achieving this SDG.

Culturally and Linguistically Sensitive Applications in Other Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-194
Author(s):  
Hiroko Fujisato ◽  
Noriko Kato ◽  
Dominique Phillips ◽  
Estefany Sáez-Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Adaptations ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
Intervention Protocol

Cultural adaptation can help maintain a balance between scientifically rigorous interventions and culturally sensitive, effective practice. When introducing the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-C/A) into a new cultural context, translating the treatment may be sufficient in some countries and regions, while others may require more systematic modification. This chapter discusses specific steps that were taken for adapting the UP-C/A in the context of Japanese culture and presents a case study in Japan. When introducing the UP-C/A into the Japanese context, modifications were made to increase the treatment’s acceptability and comprehension, but there were no significant modifications in the content of the intervention protocol. In the future, as the UP-C/A is introduced into other cultures, its effectiveness will be further evaluated and the cultural adaptations needed to accommodate new cultural groups will become increasingly apparent.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-36
Author(s):  
Heather Thompson-Brenner ◽  
Melanie Smith ◽  
Gayle Brooks ◽  
Rebecca Berman ◽  
Angela Kaloudis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol

The Renfrew Unified Treatment for Eating Disorders and Co-occurring Emotional Disorders (UT) is an integrative, transdiagnostic, principle-based approach to address patterns of emotion avoidance, emotion sensitivity, and negative affect that produce and maintain the symptoms of eating disorders and co-occurring emotional disorders. The UT model was developed through an extensive process of adapting the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) for use with patients with severe and diverse eating disorders. The modules of the UT are distinct from other approaches due to their cohesive (internal and collective) focus on how each module addresses these shared maintaining mechanisms. There is extensive evidence that eating disorders typically co-occur with other emotional disorders. There is also extensive evidence that eating disorders and other emotional disorders share common maintaining mechanisms, reflecting aspects of emotional functioning.

Basic Principles Underlying Treatment and Outline of the Treatment Procedures

2017 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
David H. Barlow ◽  
Todd J. Farchione ◽  
Shannon Sauer-Zavala ◽  
Heather Murray Latin ◽  
Kristen K. Ellard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
Core Skills ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Action Tendencies

Chapter 2 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide notes that the Unified Protocol (UP) is based on traditional cognitive-behavioral principles, but the particular emphasis on the way individuals experience and respond to their emotions is unique in that it brings emotional processes to the forefront, making them available to fundamental psychological mechanisms of change. Core skills of the UP are introduced. These include mindful emotion awareness, which involves the practice of nonjudgmental, present-focused attention toward emotional experiences; challenging automatic thoughts related to external threats and internal threats and increasing cognitive flexibility; identifying and modifying problematic action tendencies, or emotional behaviors; increasing awareness and tolerance of physical sensations through interoceptive exposures; and engagement in emotion exercises. The chapter concludes with a description of the treatment modules.

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