The Long-Term Natural History of Bipolar I Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Engler ◽  
Robert Beech
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Natural Progression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on bipolar disorder. What is the natural progression of symptoms in patients with bipolar I disorder? Overall, how long do people with bipolar I disorder spend with depressive, manic, or other affective symptoms versus periods of euthymia, without controlling treatment modality? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Lithium Plus Valproate Combination versus Monotherapy for Relapse Prevention in Bipolar I Disorder (BALANCE)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo De Aquino ◽  
Robert Beech
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on bipolar disorder. It starts by describing the overarching goal of this clinical trial, which was to address the following question: Is lithium plus valproate better than monotherapy with either drug alone for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder? Subsequently, the describes basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations are described and discussed. Finally, other relevant studies and information are reviewed, and clinical implications are examined. The chapter is concluded by reviewing a relevant clinical case.

Initial Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder in Children and Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Ng ◽  
Andres Martin
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Divalproex Sodium ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry. In medication-naïve children and adolescents with bipolar I disorder who have had a recent manic or mixed phase episode, should risperidone, lithium, or divalproex sodium be used for initial treatment? Also, for partial responders or nonresponders to the first medication, which agent should be added on or switched to? Starting with these questions, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Long-Term Impact of Bariatric Surgery

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Hochman
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Vertical Banded Gastroplasty ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in abdominal surgery. Does bariatric surgery in obese individuals reduce mortality? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case involving possible bariatric surgery, including gastric banding, vertical banded gastroplasty, or gastric bypass, for an obese man who has not had success with dieting.

Predictors of Suicidal Events

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Maksimowski ◽  
Zheala Qayyum
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry. Youths with a history of psychiatric illness are known to be at greater risk of suicide. What are the predictors of suicidal events and attempts in adolescents with a history of suicide attempts and depression? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. Several characteristics were identified that correlated with subsequent suicidal events. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Ten-Year Course of Borderline Personality Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Johnson ◽  
Erica Robinson ◽  
Sarah Fineberg
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on borderline personality disorder. What is the long-term prognosis of those with borderline personality disorder (BPD) compared to those with major depressive disorder or other personality disorders? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The findings show a favorable long-term prognosis that is comparable to that of other psychiatric disorders; 85% of those with BPS show at least 12-months of continuous remission after ten years. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Comparison of 8 versus 15 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adults

2018 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Laurie O. Mark ◽  
Jean Kwo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study “Comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial.” In adult patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is treatment with an 8-day course of antimicrobials as effective as a 15-day course? Starting with that question, the chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. In ICU patients who develop microbiologically proven VAP, an 8-day antimicrobial course is not inferior to a 15-day course with respect to all-cause mortality or recurrence of pulmonary infection. However, these findings may not apply to patients who are immunocompromised, and shorter or longer duration of antibiotics may sometimes be indicated.

The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) Trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Gupta ◽  
Catherine Chiles
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interpersonal Therapy ◽  
Randomized Evaluation ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Overall Health Status ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in psychiatry in primary care to mediate the effect of depression on overall health status . In the treatment of patients with major depression and coronary artery disease, what is the short-term efficacy of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) and/or interpersonal therapy? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Cognitive Therapy versus Medication in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Depression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barron ◽  
Robert Ostroff
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on major depressive disorder. Is paroxetine or cognitive therapy more effective in treating patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Behavioral and/or Pharmacotherapy for Older Patients with Insomnia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ross ◽  
Rajesh R. Tampi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Longterm Treatment ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on short and longterm treatment of insomnia. Should older patients with insomnia be managed with cognitive behavioral therapy, benzodiazepines, or both? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. The study shows that bensodiazepines and cognitive behavioral therapy are equally effective for shorterm treatment of insomnia in otherwise healthy elderly participants but cognitive behavioral therapy is far more effective for longterm treatment of insomnia.

Prevalence and Severity of Psychiatric Comorbidities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yarnell ◽  
Ellen Edens
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey Replication ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

Chapter 20—The Prevalence and Severity of Psychiatric Comorbidities provides a summary of a landmark study in epidemiology, the The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). This chapter study sought to answer some fundamental questions. How common are comorbid psychiatric conditions? What are the prevalence and severity rates for comorbid anxiety, mood, impulse control, and substance use disorders? Starting with these questions, this chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

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