Predictors of Suicidal Events

History Of ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry. Youths with a history of psychiatric illness are known to be at greater risk of suicide. What are the predictors of suicidal events and attempts in adolescents with a history of suicide attempts and depression? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. Several characteristics were identified that correlated with subsequent suicidal events. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Initial Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder in Children and Adolescents

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Ng ◽

Andres Martin

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Divalproex Sodium ◽

Bipolar I Disorder ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry. In medication-naïve children and adolescents with bipolar I disorder who have had a recent manic or mixed phase episode, should risperidone, lithium, or divalproex sodium be used for initial treatment? Also, for partial responders or nonresponders to the first medication, which agent should be added on or switched to? Starting with these questions, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS)

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Zachary Engler ◽

Zheala Qayyum

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

And Behavior ◽

Study Intervention ◽

The Relationship ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry. This study is also notable for addressing the relationship between suicidal thinking and behavior and treatment of depression in adolescents. Among adolescents with depression, is fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy efficacious? If so, how does the efficacy of these treatments compare with each other and in combination? Starting with these questions, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Comparison of 8 versus 15 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adults

50 Studies Every Intensivist Should Know ◽

10.1093/med/9780190467654.003.0042 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Laurie O. Mark ◽

Jean Kwo

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Study Design ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Pulmonary Infection ◽

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽

Icu Patients ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study “Comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial.” In adult patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is treatment with an 8-day course of antimicrobials as effective as a 15-day course? Starting with that question, the chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. In ICU patients who develop microbiologically proven VAP, an 8-day antimicrobial course is not inferior to a 15-day course with respect to all-cause mortality or recurrence of pulmonary infection. However, these findings may not apply to patients who are immunocompromised, and shorter or longer duration of antibiotics may sometimes be indicated.

Cognitive Therapy versus Medication in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Depression

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0028 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Barron ◽

Robert Ostroff

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Study Design ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on major depressive disorder. Is paroxetine or cognitive therapy more effective in treating patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Global Burden of Mental and Substance Use Disorders

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0019 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Yarnell ◽

Ellen Edens

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Study Design ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Global Burden ◽

Disease Study ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease Study was a ground breaking venture in answering the question regarding the prevalence of various diseases. By analyzing this database, the current study was sought to determine the burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders. With this in mind, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Sertraline, or a Combination in Childhood Anxiety

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David Saunders ◽

Andres Martin ◽

Jerome H. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Childhood Anxiety ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study evaluating the treatment of anxiety disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. Is sertraline in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy more effective than monotherapy with either treatment alone in children with anxiety disorders? Also, how do these treatments compare with placebo therapy? Starting with these questions, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Gastroesophageal Junction Tumors Does Location Determine Treatment?

10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0028 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Emily L. Siegel ◽

Miguel Burch

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Classification Scheme ◽

Treatment Approach ◽

Gastroesophageal Junction ◽

Design Study ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter summarizes a landmark study in treatment of gastroesophageal (GE) junction tumors. Should an anatomically based classification scheme of GE tumors define the appropriate treatment approach for these tumors? Starting with that question, it describes the basis of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case involving possible gastrectomy and esophagectomy.

Mastectomy versus Lumpectomy for Invasive Breast Cancer

10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0023 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Michael E. Hochman

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Study Design ◽

Invasive Breast Cancer ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Breast Conserving Therapy ◽

Total Mastectomy ◽

Design Study ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study known as the B-06 trial, which compared total mastectomy versus breast-conserving therapy (i.e., lumpectomy) for treating women with invasive breast cancer. Do all women with invasive breast cancer require a total mastectomy, or is breast conserving therapy (i.e., lumpectomy) appropriate in some women? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case involving total mastectomy versus lumpectomy.

Size as a Predictor of Malignancy of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma

10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0042 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel J. Kwon

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽

Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma ◽

Postoperative Treatment ◽

Endocrine Surgery ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in endocrine surgery. Does size correlate with malignancy in adrenal cortical carcinoma? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case involving postoperative treatment of a patient with adrenocortical carcinoma who has a large adrenal incidentaloma.

A Protocol of No Sedation for Critically Ill Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

50 Studies Every Intensivist Should Know ◽

10.1093/med/9780190467654.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Ulrich Schmidt ◽

Zeb McMillan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Study Design ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Daily Interruption ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study known as a protocol of no sedation for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomized trial. Can duration of mechanical ventilation be reduced with a protocol of no sedation versus daily interruption of sedation? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. Understanding that not all patients receiving mechanical ventilation require sedation is an important first step to determining the best regimen.