Initial Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Divalproex Sodium ◽

Bipolar I Disorder ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry. In medication-naïve children and adolescents with bipolar I disorder who have had a recent manic or mixed phase episode, should risperidone, lithium, or divalproex sodium be used for initial treatment? Also, for partial responders or nonresponders to the first medication, which agent should be added on or switched to? Starting with these questions, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Predictors of Suicidal Events

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Maksimowski ◽

Zheala Qayyum

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

History Of ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry. Youths with a history of psychiatric illness are known to be at greater risk of suicide. What are the predictors of suicidal events and attempts in adolescents with a history of suicide attempts and depression? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. Several characteristics were identified that correlated with subsequent suicidal events. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS)

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Zachary Engler ◽

Zheala Qayyum

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

And Behavior ◽

Study Intervention ◽

The Relationship ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry. This study is also notable for addressing the relationship between suicidal thinking and behavior and treatment of depression in adolescents. Among adolescents with depression, is fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy efficacious? If so, how does the efficacy of these treatments compare with each other and in combination? Starting with these questions, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Sertraline, and Their Combination for Children and Adolescents with OCD

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Falisha Gilman ◽

Zheala Qayyum

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Behavioral Treatment ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry. Is sertraline, cognitive behavioral treatment, or their combination more effective in the initial treatment of children and adolescents with clinically significant obsessive-compulsive disorder? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Sertraline, or a Combination in Childhood Anxiety

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David Saunders ◽

Andres Martin ◽

Jerome H. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Childhood Anxiety ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study evaluating the treatment of anxiety disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. Is sertraline in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy more effective than monotherapy with either treatment alone in children with anxiety disorders? Also, how do these treatments compare with placebo therapy? Starting with these questions, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Lithium Plus Valproate Combination versus Monotherapy for Relapse Prevention in Bipolar I Disorder (BALANCE)

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

João Paulo De Aquino ◽

Robert Beech

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Relapse Prevention ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Bipolar I Disorder ◽

Study Intervention ◽

Better Than ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on bipolar disorder. It starts by describing the overarching goal of this clinical trial, which was to address the following question: Is lithium plus valproate better than monotherapy with either drug alone for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder? Subsequently, the describes basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations are described and discussed. Finally, other relevant studies and information are reviewed, and clinical implications are examined. The chapter is concluded by reviewing a relevant clinical case.

Adolescents with SSRI-Resistant Depression

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Amalia Londono Tobon ◽

Hanna E. Stevens

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Case Scenario ◽

The Common ◽

Resistant Depression ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry addressing the common clinical experience of an adolescent that does not respond to initial antidepressant treatment. Should adolescents with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) resistant depression be switched to another SSRI or to venlafaxine with or without cognitive behavioral therapy? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study locations, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study interventions, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. This chapter also briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications of the findings, and concludes with a relevant clinical case scenario and suggested management for the case.

The Long-Term Natural History of Bipolar I Disorder

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Zachary Engler ◽

Robert Beech

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Bipolar I Disorder ◽

Affective Symptoms ◽

Natural Progression ◽

History Of ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on bipolar disorder. What is the natural progression of symptoms in patients with bipolar I disorder? Overall, how long do people with bipolar I disorder spend with depressive, manic, or other affective symptoms versus periods of euthymia, without controlling treatment modality? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Comparison of 8 versus 15 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adults

50 Studies Every Intensivist Should Know ◽

10.1093/med/9780190467654.003.0042 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Laurie O. Mark ◽

Jean Kwo

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Study Design ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Pulmonary Infection ◽

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽

Icu Patients ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study “Comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial.” In adult patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is treatment with an 8-day course of antimicrobials as effective as a 15-day course? Starting with that question, the chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. In ICU patients who develop microbiologically proven VAP, an 8-day antimicrobial course is not inferior to a 15-day course with respect to all-cause mortality or recurrence of pulmonary infection. However, these findings may not apply to patients who are immunocompromised, and shorter or longer duration of antibiotics may sometimes be indicated.

The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) Trial

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0035 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nikhil Gupta ◽

Catherine Chiles

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Short Term ◽

Interpersonal Therapy ◽

Randomized Evaluation ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Study Intervention ◽

Overall Health Status ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in psychiatry in primary care to mediate the effect of depression on overall health status . In the treatment of patients with major depression and coronary artery disease, what is the short-term efficacy of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) and/or interpersonal therapy? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Cognitive Therapy versus Medication in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Depression

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0028 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Barron ◽

Robert Ostroff

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Study Design ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Study Intervention ◽

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on major depressive disorder. Is paroxetine or cognitive therapy more effective in treating patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.