Life Before Birth

Religion and Ethics in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽

10.1093/med/9780190636852.003.0009 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 142-154

Author(s):

Karma Lekshe Tsomo

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

High Risk ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Religious Leaders ◽

Ethical Values ◽

Beliefs And Practices ◽

Institutional Authority ◽

Ethical Status

Buddhists acknowledge no central institutional authority. Ethical issues are approached very differently in the widely diverse Buddhist traditions that have developed over more than 2,500 years. This chapter considers questions related to the cessation or withdrawal of treatment for high-risk newborns within the context of Buddhist ethical values and principles—both in general and in a range of Buddhist traditions, many of which are influenced by non-Buddhist beliefs and practices. The chapter also reflects on the ontological and ethical status of newborn infants cross-culturally and explores the diversity of Buddhist beliefs and practices related to bioethical decision making by religious leaders, medical professionals, lawyers, and parents.

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Social and Ethical Concerns of Biomedical Engineering Research and Practice

Biomedical Engineering and Information Systems - Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-61692-004-3.ch003 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 54-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Snehasish Mishra

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Biomedical Engineering ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Technological Advancement ◽

Ethical Values ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Engineering Research ◽

Bioethical Issues

Biomedical engineering is an advanced and relatively new field in the healthcare sector. Owing to the very nature of the various professional challenges faced by healthcare professionals, the moral and ethical values seem to have taken the backburner. The factors contributing to it may include a sound knowledge of the healthcare professional on the legally-permissible ethical values, and the desperate situations requiring precise split-moment decision-making. No technological advancement without a human face is worth it, and hence, during the course of the degree, a biomedical engineering student needs to be exposed to various ethical issues through theory, live cases and demonstrations. Being intrinsically multi- and inter-disciplinary, biomedical engineering lacks precise ethical rules that delineate and delimit professional responsibility, thus blurring the ethical understanding of biomedical engineering. The solution seems to lie in giving due place to human virtues. In the coming days, bioethical issues are expected to be increasingly complicated and dominating the decision-making process owing to the advancements in sciences, and the ever-complicated cases handled by healthcare professionals. A global healthcare and ethics-related online open-access portal may serve as a common platform for all the stakeholders in the interest and ethical growth of biomedical engineering in particular and medical sciences in general.

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Do Business Ethics and Ethical Decision Making Still Matter: Perspective of Different Generational Cohorts

Business Systems Research Journal ◽

10.2478/bsrj-2020-0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 31-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Igor Klopotan ◽

Ana Aleksić ◽

Nikolina Vinković

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Business Ethics ◽

Generational Differences ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Business Environment ◽

Ethical Behaviour ◽

Ethical Values ◽

Generation Z

AbstractBackground: Research in business ethics shows that individual differences can influence one’s ethical behaviour. In addition, variability in attitudes towards ethical issues among different generations is emphasized. Still, results are inconclusive and call for an additional examination of possible generational differences with regard to ethics and ethical values.Objectives: Our objective is to test if the perception of the importance of business ethics, attitudes towards ethical issues and aspects influencing ethical behaviour, differ among the four generations currently present in the workforce.Methods/Approach: Theoretical implications are empirically tested on a sample of 107 individuals, members of Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials and Generation Z.Results: In general, the results indicate that there are little or no generational differences related to the analysed aspects of business ethics. The significant difference is present only in the importance given to factors that influence ethical decision-making: (i) formal rules and procedures, (ii) performance management system and (iii) job pressures, between the members of Generation Z and older generations.Conclusions: In spite of employee diversity, ethics continues to present an important aspect of the business environment. Thus, organizations need to be oriented towards creating ethical leaders and a positive ethical climate that ensures that ethical values and behaviours are present throughout the organization.

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Ethical aspects in the use of radiation in medicine: update from ICRP Task Group 109

Annals of the ICRP ◽

10.1177/0146645320929630 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 143-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Bochud ◽

M.C. Cantone ◽

K. Applegate ◽

M. Coffey ◽

J. Damilakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Biomedical Ethics ◽

Task Group ◽

Dose Effect ◽

Medical Professionals ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

Ethical Values ◽

Ethical Aspects

Whereas scientific evidence is the basis for recommendations and guidance on radiological protection, professional ethics is critically important and should always guide professional behaviour. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) established Task Group 109 to advise medical professionals, patients, families, carers, the public, and authorities about the ethical aspects of radiological protection of patients in the diagnostic and therapeutic use of radiation in medicine. Occupational exposures and research-related exposures are not within the scope of this task group. Task Group 109 will produce a report that will be available to the different interested parties for consultation before publication. Presently, the report is at the stage of a working document that has benefitted from an international workshop organised on the topic by the World Health Organization. It presents the history of ethics in medicine in ICRP, and explains why this subject is important, and the benefits it can bring to the standard biomedical ethics. As risk is an essential part in decision-making and communication, a summary is included on what is known about the dose–effect relationship, with emphasis on the associated uncertainties. Once this theoretical framework has been presented, the report becomes resolutely more practical. First, it proposes an evaluation method to analyse specific situations from an ethical point of view. This method allows stakeholders to review a set of six ethical values and provides hints on how they could be balanced. Next, various situations (e.g. pregnancy, elderly, paediatric, end of life) are considered in two steps: first within a realistic, ethically challenging scenario on which the evaluation method is applied; and second within a more general context. Scenarios are presented and discussed with attention to specific patient circumstances, and on how and which reflections on ethical values can be of help in the decision-making process. Finally, two important related aspects are considered: how should we communicate with patients, family, and other stakeholders; and how should we incorporate ethics into the education and training of medical professionals?

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Basics of Ethical Issues in Obstetrics

Women Health Care and Issues ◽

10.31579/2642-9756/020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 01-02

Author(s):

Gopa Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

High Risk ◽

Medical Ethics ◽

Medical Practice ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Positive Outcome ◽

Patient Relationship ◽

Physician Patient Relationship ◽

Health Organizations ◽

Physician Patient

Obstetrics is a high-risk specialty with the challenge of wellbeing of mother and baby. Medical ethics, a disciplined study of morality concern obligations of physicians and health organizations to patients as well as the obligations of the patients, is an integral part of medical practice which builds and sustains physician patient relationship and involves a systemic approach to decision making and actions while being secular. Primary strands of thoughts: Utilitarian, considers most positive outcome and Deontological, judges if action right or wrong, consequences of actions not considered.

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Should a teen with nonadherence be listed for kidney transplant? Ethical issues and clinical decision-making.

Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology ◽

10.1037/cpp0000137 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 98-103

Author(s):

Melissa K. Cousino ◽

Lauren Mednick

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Kidney Transplant ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Clinical Decision

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Researching Sexual Behavior with High-Risk Urban Youth: Ethics and Evaluation: Methodological and Ethical Issues in Sexual Risk Research with Homeless Youth

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e413782005-908 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

Meredith S. Miller

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

High Risk ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Urban Youth ◽

Homeless Youth ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Risk Research

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Utilising Indigenous Knowledge or Crime against Humanity?: A Critical Engagement with the Debate Generated by Alick Macheso’s Use of Manhood to Treat Nhova (Sunken Fontanelle)

Oral History Journal of South Africa ◽

10.25159/2309-5792/3856 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Charles Tembo ◽

Allan Maganga ◽

Peterson Dewah

Keyword(s):

Ethical Issues ◽

General Tendency ◽

Ethical Values ◽

Ethical Considerations ◽

Lower Back ◽

African Ethics ◽

Cultural Grounding ◽

The Face ◽

Left And Right ◽

Points Of View

This article presents various points of view regarding the treatment of sunken fontanelle by various communities as ignited by the controversial practice of kutara(a practice that involves the father of a child sliding his penis from the lower part of the left and right cheeks to the top of the head, as well as from the lower part of the face to the top of the head, and from the lower back part of the head to the top). The story of Alick Macheso’s use of his manhood to treat nhova (sunken fontanelle) opened a Pandora’s box. The story not only attracted the attention of critics from diverse cultural and ethical backgrounds, but revealed multi-ethnic positions. That is, reactions were steeped in a multiplicity of intellectual, religious and even cultural grounding. Reactions ranged from accusations of backwardness and absurdity, through to medical and Christian orientations toward the treatment of nhova. The overarching idea is that there is a general tendency to dismiss the age-old practice of kutara,coupled with an uncritical celebration of certain positions. The debate that ensued following publication of the story seemed to revolve around ethical considerations. The school of thought that dismisses kutara with disdain regards it as unethical and unimaginable in the present-day world—it is redolent with insinuations of absurdity on the part of those that live and celebrate it. We contend that the raging debate that followed the publication of the story can best be conceptualised within the context of African ethics. We note that kutara has relevance to the spirituality, ethical values, privacy, and protection of children’s rights, among other ethical issues. It is hoped that the article will stir further debate and encourage more research among information practitioners, scholars and researchers into the ethical issues surrounding the treatment of sunken fontanelle in various African communities. It argues for an Afrocentric conceptualisation of phenomena in order to contribute to debates on the renaissance of African cultures, and stresses that it is imperative to harness the life-furthering age-old traditions in African ontological existence.

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Biosecurity and Public Health Ethics Issues Raised by Biological Threats

The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190245191.013.67 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 773-785

Author(s):

Nicholas Evans ◽

Thomas Inglesby

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Resource Allocation ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

Biological Weapon ◽

Ethical Values ◽

Dual Use ◽

Health Concerns ◽

Trade Offs

This chapter introduces ethical issues that arise in the context of biosecurity: policies and actions intended to prevent the development or emergence, or mitigate the consequences, of serious biological threats. These threats could include deliberate biological weapon attacks (bioterrorism), pandemics, emerging infectious diseases, or major laboratory accidents. The basic values that underpin these public health concerns are first introduced. Ethical issues that arise before, during, and following a biosecurity crisis are then examined, including issues of resource allocation, dual-use research, and the possibility of quarantine. Their resolution requires trade-offs among different ethical values, including utility, fairness, and liberty.

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