The Process of Deprescribing

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Swapnil Gupta ◽  
Rebecca Miller ◽  
John D. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Medication Changes

Deprescribing of psychotropic medications introduces additional complexities related to the specific context of psychiatric disorders and their cultural meaning. This chapter expands on the process of deprescribing as it relates specifically to psychiatry, taking the five essential steps of deprescribing in general medicine and elaborating on them for use in psychiatry. These include a detailed decision-making process, psychoeducation of both the patient and friends or family, and close monitoring and adaptation during medication reduction. Given the current absence of guidelines in this area, documentation is a key element of the process and is discussed in this chapter. Included are suggested templates to support accurate documentation, including the decision-making process, the patient’s response to medication changes, medication lists with their indications, and the appearance and management of withdrawal symptoms and/or relapse.

Decision-Making Dysfunctions in Psychiatry—Altered Homeostatic Processing?

Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 318 (5850) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
The State ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Homeostatic Regulation ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Decision Strategies ◽  
Homeostatic Process ◽  
Gain And Loss

Decision-making consists of selecting an action from a set of available options. This results in an outcome that changes the state of the decision-maker. Therefore, decision-making is part of a homeostatic process. Individuals with psychiatric disorders show altered decision-making. They select options that are either non-optimal or nonhomeostatic. These dysfunctional patterns of decision-making in individuals with psychiatric disorders may fundamentally relate to problems with homeostatic regulation. These may manifest themselves in (i) how the length of time between decisions and their outcomes influences subsequent decision-making, (ii) how gain and loss feedback are integrated to determine the optimal decision, (iii) how individuals adapt their decision strategies to match the specific context, or (iv) how seemingly maladaptive responses result from an attempt to establish an unstable homeostatic balance.

scholarly journals A Methodological Approach for Evaluating Brownfield Redevelopment Projects

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cappai ◽  
Forgues ◽  
Glaus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Brownfield Redevelopment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

In recent decades, municipalities around the world have been developing community policies and seeking to apply them in their cities. They use methods for exchanging information and opinions on decisions, policies, plans and strategies and involve and consult with the community and stakeholders in all aspects of the decision-making process. The application of methods for thoughtful planning has become the goal of policy makers to improve the lives of citizens and stop the expansion of the city into the countryside. The aim of this article is to integrate the notion of sustainability into a methodological approach, taking into account the actors involved in the decision-making phases, the objectives, and the local indicators in an urban redevelopment project (brownfield). Our approach is based on an analysis of 21 articles and on a transversal and cross-cutting view of the interdisciplinary themes of sustainable development by inserting the main actors into decision-making in urban projects and by selecting local indicators. We put in place a methodological approach for the evaluation of urban projects that takes into account local expectations. The goal is to identify and classify the elements that are needed for decision making, including the indicators related to environmental and socio-economic components, in order to develop an effective evaluation tool. This research contributes to the knowledge of project evaluation tools in the specific context of a city.

Stand der Forschung zum Einsatz von Augmented Reality und Virtual Reality im stationären Einzelhandel und Implikationen für KMU

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 259-284
Author(s):  
Eva Lienbacher ◽  
Beate Cesinger ◽  
Christine Vallaster
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
State Of Research

Zusammenfassung Diese Literaturanalyse beschäftigt sich mit dem Stand der Forschung zum Einsatz von Augmented Reality (AR) und Virtual Reality (VR) im stationären, kleinstrukturierten Einzelhandel. Zwar steigt die Zahl der wissenschaftlichen Beiträge, die den Einsatz dieser Digitalisierungstools untersuchen, aber der spezifische Kontext eines KMU im Einzelhandel wurde bislang nicht explizit untersucht. Basierend auf der Analyse von ausgewählten 27 wissenschaftlichen Artikeln zeigt sich, dass weder AR noch VR eine one-size-fits-all-Lösung ist, sondern dass – mehr als vielleicht in größeren Unternehmen – der Nutzen aus Sicht des KMU und der Konsumenten sowie organisatorische Voraussetzungen klar im Entscheidungsprozess berücksichtigt werden müssen. Durch konkrete Überlegungen schließt dieser Beitrag eine Forschungslücke und weist auf zukünftige Forschungsfelder im Kontext KMU hin. Abstract This literature analysis presents the state of research regarding the application of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in stationary, small-scale retail. Although the number of scientific contributions examining the use of these digitization tools is increasing, the specific context of SMEs in retail has not yet been explicitly examined. Based on the analysis of 27 scientific articles, this paper shows that neither AR nor VR is a one-size-fits-all solution, but that – more than perhaps in large companies – organizational requirements as well as benefits for the SME and the consumer must be taken into account in the decision-making process. This contribution closes a research gap and offers recommendations for future research in the context of SMEs.

scholarly journals How lead investors build trust in the specific context of a campaign

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Relational Trust ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extreme Risk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of trust in the unobservable decision-making process of lead investors and follow-on investors in the specific context of equity crowdfunding (ECF) campaigns. Design/methodology/approach This work employs a case study approach. The author conducts a three-year inductive field study of Chinese ECF – AngelCrunch. The author gathered both campaign and platform-level data from the selected case covering a period of seven years from 2011 to 2018. The data set used for this study includes the characteristics of 189 online campaigns, 25 face-to-face interviews with the platform managers, early-stage investors and entrepreneurs, first-hand observations and quarterly reports on online campaigns supplemented with informal interviews with the authors for the reports. Findings The findings from this study provide early insights onto the unobservable decision-making process of ECF investors. It demonstrates that lead investors use both selective signalling information and physical interactions with the entrepreneurs to build competence and relational trust on which they rely for making an early pledge. It also shows that follow-on investors differ from lead investors in the process of building trust for decision-making. Furthermore, this work uncovers the role of ECF platforms in facilitating the process of building interpersonal trust for the decision making, with challenges to maintain the notion of platforms in raising a small amount of capital from a large crowd. Research limitations/implications This study is constrained by the limited scale of qualitative elements available. The findings of the study have implications for platform managers, investors and policy makers. Originality/value Building on entrepreneurial finance and trust theory, this work demonstrates how lead investors build competence and relational trust on which they rely to make an early pledge in the context of ECF. The perception of a lead investor and the commitment together with the selective and formative information by the entrepreneur/s are key in follow-on investors’ decision making. This study uncovers that crowdfunding enables additional and valuable information to be assessed by crowd investors to manage extreme risk and uncertainty occurred in early-stage investments. This work also demonstrates that virtual world has its limitations to build interpersonal trust for managing extreme risk.

scholarly journals The Problem of Imminence in an Uncertain World

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Law ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Self Defence

This chapter deals with the concept of imminence within the context of anticipatory self-defence under international law. It examines the meaning of imminence, its interpretation, what it might justify and/or exclude, and whether it can be upheld as a criterion to face modern challenges. It outlines the requirement of imminence in relation to the debatable right to anticipatory self-defence, paying particular attention to the development of state practice and the opinions of commentators. It considers the specific context of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction, and examines the reasons that these are sometimes seen as necessitating a new conception of imminence. The chapter provides an analysis of what new approaches might mean, and whether they can be contained within an understanding of imminence. In so doing, the chapter analyses the notion of certainty, the need for evidence, and the effect of the scale of threat on the decision-making process.

scholarly journals Understanding Organisational Effectiveness Through Sustainable Human Relations Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Simanchala Das ◽  
Biswajit Acharjya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Structural Empowerment ◽  
Organisational Effectiveness ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Empowerment Climate

Organisational effectiveness undoubtedly depends on well-designed human resource practices which embrace vibrant industrial relations. The relations that exist between superior and subordinates in industrial establishments are mostly contingent upon the degree of autonomy in the decision-making process. As autonomous decision making is an integral part overall empowerment strategy, the climate that fosters trust, creativity, competitiveness, and proactive problem-solving intention tend to influence the employee perception towards improved organisational effectiveness. Earlier studies have established the direct relationship between psychological empowerment and to a certain extent in combination with structural empowerment variables and organisational effectiveness in a specific context. But the present research seeks to study the role of empowerment climate as a moderating variable for the aforesaid relationship which would ultimately bring about the effectiveness in the selected industrial establishments.

AAC Decision-Making and Mobile Technology: Points to Ponder

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Abbott ◽  
Debby McBride
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Ipod Touch ◽  
Feature Match

The purpose of this article is to outline a decision-making process and highlight which portions of the augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation process deserve special attention when deciding which features are required for a communication system in order to provide optimal benefit for the user. The clinician then will be able to use a feature-match approach as part of the decision-making process to determine whether mobile technology or a dedicated device is the best choice for communication. The term mobile technology will be used to describe off-the-shelf, commercially available, tablet-style devices like an iPhone®, iPod Touch®, iPad®, and Android® or Windows® tablet.

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