Epidemiological Principles

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
J Patrick Vaughan ◽  
Cesar Victora ◽  
A Mushtaque R Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes

This chapter reviews the basic epidemiological concepts and principles that are relevant for all primary health care workers. It describes patterns of disease frequency in populations and quantifies diseases, disability, and deaths with the use of health indicators. It measures causes and risk factors that influence disease frequency and the use of epidemiology in improving the effectiveness of health interventions in health services and public health programmes. Epidemiology is also essential for local health planning, management, and evaluation of these services at the district level.

Cancer Incidence of Schizophrenic Patients Results of Record Linkage Studies in Three Countries

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (S18) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Gulbinat ◽  
Annelise Dupont ◽  
Assen Jablensky ◽  
Ole M. Jensen ◽  
Anthony Marsella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linkage Studies ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes

Various associations have been reported in the literature between severe mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia, and other diseases; the demonstrated association of two (or more) diseases would be of great theoretical and practical importance. If two (or more) diseases occur in the same individual significantly more often than would be expected by chance, the same aetiological factors may be involved, or one disease may be pathogenic to the other, or one condition may be a hitherto unrecognised manifestation of the other, or the patient — as a sequela of one disease — may be exposed to risk factors for the other. In addition to the scientific importance of such discoveries, knowledge of this kind may be useful for the furtherance of public-health programmes, for the organisation of services, and for the prevention of illness.

scholarly journals Framework for selecting best practices in public health: a systematic literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Ng ◽  
Pierpaolo De Colombani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes ◽  
Selection Of

Evidence-based public health has commonly relied on findings from empirical studies, or research-based evidence. However, this paper advocates that practice-based evidence derived from programmes implemented in real-life settings is likely to be a more suitable source of evidence for inspiring and guiding public health programmes. Selection of best practices from the array of implemented programmes is one way of generating such practice-based evidence. Yet the lack of consensus on the definition and criteria for practice-based evidence and best practices has limited their application in public health so far. To address the gap in literature on practice-based evidence, this paper hence proposes measures of success for public health interventions by developing an evaluation framework for selection of best practices. The proposed framework was synthesised from a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on existing evaluation frameworks for public health programmes as well as processes employed by health-related organisations when selecting best practices. A best practice is firstly defined as an intervention that has shown evidence of effectiveness in a particular setting and is likely to be replicable to other situations. Regardless of the area of public health, interventions should be evaluated by their context, process and outcomes. A best practice should hence meet most, if not all, of eight identified evaluation criteria: relevance, community participation, stakeholder collaboration, ethical soundness, replicability, effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability. Ultimately, a standardised framework for selection of best practices will improve the usefulness and credibility of practice-based evidence in informing evidence-based public health interventions.

scholarly journals Depression: major problem for public health

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene S. Paykel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
Social Adversity ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes

AbstractThe aim of this Editorial is to discuss depression as an important disorder for public health. The literature regarding epidemiology, consequences, adequacy of service delivery and prevention of depression is reviewed. Depression is a common disorder with high lifetime rates, particularly in women, and those experiencing social adversity. It is a major cause of disability, and causes death both by suicide and due to raised rates of physical disorders. Many cases are undiagnosed and treatment is often inadequate. Primary prevention is not yet easily feasible but secondary prevention by earlier recognition, public and professional education, can produce benefits. There is a need for public health programmes aimed at improving recognition, treatment, and reducing consequences.

Attracting investors for public health programmes with Social Impact Bonds

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine de Gruyter ◽  
Dennis Petrie ◽  
Nicole Black ◽  
Philip Gharghori
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Impact Bonds ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes

The Rockefeller Foundation and medical education in Ireland in the 1920s

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (120) ◽  
pp. 564-580
Author(s):  
Greta Jones
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Social Background ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes

In 1913 part of the enormous fortune of the American millionaire John D. Rockefeller was put aside for philanthropic and charitable purposes under the direction of the Rockefeller Foundation. Throughout the twentieth century the Rockefeller Foundation disbursed money to a wide range of economic, scientific and artistic projects. Among its interests were health and medical research, and Rockefeller invested funds in public health programmes throughout the world for the eradication of particular diseases or to strengthen the effectiveness of existing public health structures.The Rockefeller Foundation was also interested in providing aid for the reorganisation and modernisation of medical education. It was, however, loath to part with any of its monies unless it was assured of the political and social stability of a country, and also of the competence, honesty and good intentions of those to whom it entrusted funds. In order to assess this, the officers of the Rockefeller Foundation visited potential recipients. They reported back to the New York headquarters of the Foundation on the political and social background of the countries to which assistance might be given and also on the feasibility of the programmes of assistance devised to help them.

scholarly journals COVID‐19 vulnerability among people who use drugs: recommendations for global public health programmes and policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W Holloway ◽  
Anne Spaulding ◽  
Ayako Miyashita Ochoa ◽  
Laura Randall ◽  
Adrian King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Programmes ◽  
Health Programmes
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