Anabolic Steroids and Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Michael I. Fingerhood
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Psychoactive Effects ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Anabolic steroids are used to promote growth of skeletal muscle, increase lean body mass, and improve athletic performance. There are an estimated 1 million current or former users of anabolic steroids in the United States. Unlike other substances used nonmedically, anabolic steroids produce no acute psychoactive effects. Repeated use results in increased muscle mass and strength; many feel an increased level of aggression. There is no typical withdrawal syndrome, but reported symptoms include mood swings, restlessness, drug craving, loss of appetite, insomnia, reduced sex drive, and depression. Specific questions related to the use of anabolic steroids should be pursued with athletes and bodybuilders. Most medical complications of anabolic steroid use are the direct result of excessive exogenous androgens. There are no reports in the literature of treatment specific to nonmedical anabolic steroid use. Other drugs used to enhance athletic performance include growth hormone, stimulants, erythropoietin, blood products, gonadotrophins, beta-blockers, and diuretics.

The Third Time Is a Charm: News Media, Policy Dynamics, and the Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Bryan E. Denham
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
News Media ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controlled Substances ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Influence Model ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Policy Dynamics ◽  
Policy Agendas

Designer steroids contain chemical structures “derived from, or substantially similar to” anabolic steroids, which became Schedule III controlled substances in the United States in 1990. Chemists create designer steroids by reverse engineering existing drugs, altering their chemical structures, and creating new compounds. Seeking to help curtail problems with steroid-spiked dietary supplements, the Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014 classified 25 designer steroids, many contained in supplements, as controlled substances. Previous versions of the 2014 legislation, introduced in 2010 and 2012, had failed to become law despite consistent news accounts of supplements contaminated with conventional and designer steroids, as well as steroid precursors. Guided conceptually by a streams-of-influence model, the present article examines regulatory processes involving designer steroids and discusses limitations on the capacity of news outlets to build policy agendas.

Desire for Weight Gain and Potential Risks of Adolescent Males Using Anabolic Steroids

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Qi Wang ◽  
Charles E. Yesalis ◽  
Eugene C. Fitzhugh ◽  
William E. Buckley ◽  
Helen Smiciklas-Wright
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Potential Risks

This study examined the perceptions of adolescent males regarding their physical strength, health status, and desire to gain weight and their perceptions of anabolic steroid use. Subjects were 12th-grade boys ( N = 3403), drawn from a pool of 150 high schools nationwide, who completed a health questionnaire. Analysis indicated 47.0% ( n = 1475) who wanted to gain weight, perceived themselves as of less than average strength and having good health, and were sports participants. Also, among those who desired weight gain, about 24% ( n = 345) were not sure about the most dangerous health risks associated with anabolic steroid use, and 16% ( n = 221) did not want to see the use of anabolic steroids in sports stopped. The findings indicate that adolescent boys, who desired weight gain and currently abstained from anabolic steroid use, might be at risk for becoming users.

Severe laryngitis following chronic anabolic steroid abuse

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ray ◽  
A Masood ◽  
J Pickles ◽  
I Moumoulidis
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Male Smoker ◽  
Steroid Abuse ◽  
Anabolic Steroid Abuse ◽  
Professional Body ◽  
Body Builder

AbstractThe effects of anabolic steroids on the quality of voice have been well documented; however, no study has established significant structural changes in the larynx as a direct result of anabolic steroid use. We report a unique case of a 47-year-old male smoker and professional body builder who presented with progressive stridor and hoarseness following abuse of anabolic steroids over a period of two years. Conservative management failed to resolve his symptoms and a planned tracheostomy was performed to secure his airway. Subsequently he was treated with multiple laser resections and eventually decannulated. No case of severe laryngitis in association with anabolic steroid usage has been reported previously in the literature.

Little Help from Article on Anaboiic Steroids

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
MIMI D. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
11Th Grade

In Reply.— Thank you for your letter regarding the article, "Anabolic Steroid Use by Male Adolescents," published in the June 1989 issue Pediatrics. I will attempt to address each of your concerns. The intent of the article was: (1) to inform health care providers about the prevalence of use of anabolic steroids in a population of 11th grade male students, (2) to increase provider awareness of the knowledge and some of the beliefs held by steroid users, and (3) to encourage providers to become knowledgeable about these drugs, so that they might be able to offer more appropriate guidance to the teenager in the clinical setting.

Little Help from Article on Anaboiic Steroids

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
RICK LEVINE
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
High School Teacher ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Stunted Growth

To the Editor.— As a high school teacher I have been looking for guidance on preventing the abuse of anabolic steroids by our students. The article "Anabolic Steroid Use by Male Adolescents" by Johnson et al1 not only failed to provide this guidance, but the results failed to support the authors' conclusions. The study shows that, of the teenage users of steroids surveyed, 38% correctly identified liver disease, 35% cancer of the liver, and 30% stunted growth as side effects of steroid use.

scholarly journals Using Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Nonmedical Anabolic Steroid Use in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitesh Enaker
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Real World ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Dangerous Behaviors ◽  
Effective Programs

Nonmedical anabolic steroid use affects as many as three million Americans. Young adults often perform dangerous behaviors while using nonmedical anabolic steroids. For health promoters to design effective programs combating the use of nonmedical anabolic steroids, a theoretical framework may be necessary.  The Theory of Planned Behavior is often applied to predict behavior, and the use of the elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior may help develop a real-world construct to prevent steroid use. The purpose of this article is to explore the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to improve understanding of the influences of nonmedical anabolic steroid use.

Anabolic Steroid Use: Indications of Habituation among Adolescents

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Yesalis ◽  
Andrea L. Streit ◽  
Judith R. Vicary ◽  
Karl E. Friedl ◽  
Diane Brannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
User Group ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Dependence Liability

The use of anabolic steroids (AS) by adolescent males is argued to be more widespread than currently acknowledged. Although the long-term physiological and psychological ramifications of use are not well established, current research and anecdotal information suggest that there is reason for concern. In addition, very little is known about the attitudes and behaviors of these adolescent AS users. While the debate concerning the physiological versus the psychological dependence liability of various drugs continues to evolve, there seems to be a consensus that drug dependence is not a per se phenomenon and that the characteristics of dependence differ in accordance with the drug being used. The following article attempts to identify characteristics of the adolescent male AS user and suggests that AS use does have a dependence potential. The AS user population was found to be significantly different from nonusers in several areas such as self-perceptions of health and strength, interest in controlling AS use, and perceptions of peer AS use. The AS user group was also found to contain several subgroups (heavy users [≥ 5 cycles] versus other users, and those who initiated use prior to age sixteen who reported significantly different attitudes and/or behaviors. These differences suggest that prevention efforts will have to focus on different motivations for AS use.

scholarly journals Evolution of serum lipids in two male bodybuilders using anabolic steroids

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Lajarin ◽  
R Zaragoza ◽  
I Tovar ◽  
P Martinez-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Drug Cessation

Abstract We followed weekly the evolution of serum lipid concentrations in two bodybuilders undergoing a cycle of treatment with anabolic steroids. These drugs caused maximum depression of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 69.1% in the fifth week after the beginning of the cycle for subject 1, and by 72.4% in the fourth week for subject 2. Maximum increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were 144% and 156%, respectively. Total cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B were highly increased with anabolic steroid use. We also saw depression of apo A-I by 84% and 91%, and lipoprotein(a) decreased to undetectable amounts in both cases. These effects were reversed 10 weeks after the end of the steroid cycle in subject 1, but subject 2 still presented abnormal concentrations of serum lipids 13 weeks after drug cessation. The periods until reversibility of anabolic steroid effects on lipids were longer than those reported in previous studies.

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