Population ageing in Oceania

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Leon Flicker ◽  
Ngaire Kerse
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The region of Oceania describes a collection of islands scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean between Asia and the Americas. The region is vast and largely covered by ocean. There are four subregions of this region including Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia (Papua and New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia), Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia and Guam), and Polynesia (includes French Polynesia, Samoa, Tonga, Tokalau, and Niue). Australasia is relatively affluent and developed with an ageing population, whereas the other nations are of a developing nature with relatively younger populations but will face dramatic population ageing over the next 40 years. Australasia has well-developed services for older people. The Indigenous populations of Australasia have worse health outcomes than the non-Indigenous populations. However, outside Australasia there is an urgent need to develop health and community services for older people in the remainder of the region.

Mycosphaerella cruenta. [Distribution map].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Brunei Darussalam

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella cruenta Latham. Ascomycota: Capnodiales. Hosts: beans (Phaseolus sp.) and cowpea (Vigna sp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Menggu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang, China; Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, India; Java and Sumatra, Indonesia; Iran; Iraq; Japan; Korea Republic; Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia; Myanmar; Oman; Pakistan; Philippines; Saudi Arabia; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; and Vietnam), Africa (Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda and Zambia), North America (Mexico, and Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin, USA), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina; Bolivia; Bahia, Ceara, Minas Gerais and Para, Brazil; Colombia; Guyana; Suriname; and Venezuela) and Oceania (American Samoa; Queensland, Australia; Fiji; French Polynesia; Nauru; New Caledonia; Papua new Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands; and Tonga).

Colletotrichum dematium. [Distribution map].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for C. dematium (Pers.) Grove. Ascomycota: Sordariomycetidae. Hosts: Plurivorous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Malta, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK), Asia (Bangladesh, China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Shaanxi, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Japan, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia, Sabah, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan), Africa (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Maranhao, Chile, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela), Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu).

Parasaissetia nigra. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae Attacks a wide range of crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Spain, Canary Islands, ASIA, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, China, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Lao, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, St Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Fed. Stales of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Samoan Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.

The Decolonisation of the Pacific Islands

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The United States ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Caroline Islands ◽  
Foreign Control

At the end of the Second World War, the islands of Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia were all under foreign control. The Netherlands retained West New Guinea even while control of the rest of the Dutch East Indies slipped away, while on the other side of the South Pacific, Chile held Easter Island. Pitcairn, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Fiji and the Solomon Islands comprised Britain's Oceanic empire, in addition to informal overlordship of Tonga. France claimed New Caledonia, the French Establishments in Oceania (soon renamed French Polynesia) and Wallis and Futuna. The New Hebrides remained an Anglo-French condominium; Britain, Australia and New Zealand jointly administered Nauru. The United States' territories included older possessions – the Hawaiian islands, American Samoa and Guam – and the former Japanese colonies of the Northern Marianas, Mar-shall Islands and Caroline Islands administered as a United Nations trust territory. Australia controlled Papua and New Guinea (PNG), as well as islands in the Torres Strait and Norfolk Island; New Zealand had Western Samoa, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau. No island group in Oceania, other than New Zealand, was independent.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) population and the incidence of its biocontrol agent (Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus) in the South Pacific Islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayvan Etebari ◽  
James Hereward ◽  
Apenisa Sailo ◽  
Emeline M Ahoafi ◽  
Robert Tautua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mitochondrial Lineage ◽  
The South ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
The Pacific

Incursions of the Coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, have been detected in several countries of the south-west Pacific in recent years, resulting in an expansion of the pest's geographic range. It has been suggested that this resurgence is related to an O. rhinoceros mitochondrial lineage (previously referred to as the CRB-G biotype) that is reported to show reduced susceptibility to the well-established classical biocontrol agent, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV). We investigated O. rhinoceros population genetics and the OrNV status of adult specimens collected in the Philippines and seven different South Pacific island countries (Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu). Based on the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (CoxI) gene, we found three major mitochondrial lineages (CRB-G, a PNG lineage (CRB-PNG) and the South Pacific lineage (CRB-S)) across the region. Haplotype diversity varied considerably between and within countries. The O. rhinoceros population in most countries was monotypic and all individuals tested belonged to a single mitochondrial lineage (Fiji, CRB-S; Tonga, CRB-S; Vanuatu, CRB-PNG; PNG (Kimbe), CRB-PNG; New Caledonia CRB-G; Philippines, CRB-G). However, in Samoa we detected CRB-S and CRB-PNG and in Solomon Islands we detected all three haplotype groups. Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) methods were used to genotype 10,000 snps from 230 insects across the Pacific and showed genetic differentiation in the O. rhinoceros nuclear genome among different geographical populations. The GBS data also provided evidence for gene flow and admixture between different haplotypes in Solomon Islands. Therefore, contrary to earlier reports, CRB-G is not solely responsible for damage to the coconut palms reported since the pest was first recorded in Solomon Islands in 2015. We also PCR-screened a fragment of OrNV from 260 insects and detected an extremely high prevalence of viral infection in all three haplotypes in the region. We conclude that the haplotype groups CRB-G, CRB-S, and PNG, do not represent biotypes, subspecies, or cryptic species, but simply represent different invasions of O. rhinoceros across the Pacific. This has important implications for management, especially biological control, of Coconut rhinoceros beetle in the region.

Evidence of a geographical variation in Mesochaetopterus (Polychaeta: Chaetopteridae) from the Pacific Ocean

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1409-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel R. Bhaud
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
New South ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Hard Structures

Specimens of Mesochaetopterus (Chaetopteridae) from seven geographical sources in the Pacific Ocean are compared on the basis of their hard structures: specialized chaetae, uncinal plates and tubes. There geographical variations are investigated both locally (New South Wales and the Solomon Islands) and over the whole Pacific Ocean from Australia (New South Wales) through the Solomon Islands to Galapagos and Hawaii. The most interesting result is the existence of intra-regional morphological variations with the hard structures differing on specimens sampled in two areas from New South Wales or in two areas from the Solomon Islands out of a total of three areas. These newly described morphologies imply that M. minutus, isolated in a first step from M. sagittarius and confined to the Pacific, is a pseudo-sibling species complex. Each element of this complex is morphologically distinguishable. Consequently the generally accepted role of the long-lived planktonic larvae characteristic of Mesochaetopterus, as a source of geographical homogeneity must be re-examined.

Didymella bryoniae. [Distribution map].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Far East ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm. Hosts: Cucurbitaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, ASIA, Brunei, Burma, Hong Kong, India (Bihar) (Mysore), Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia (W. Malaysia) (Sabah, Sarawak), Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, USSR (Soviet Far East), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, Fiji, French, Polynesia, Guadalcanal, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Pitcairn Islands, Solomon Islands, Timor, Tonga, EUROPE, Britain (England) (Scotland), Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Irish Republic, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR (Leningrad) (Ukraine), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Salvador, NORTH AMERICA, Bermuda, Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario), Mexico, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Chile.

Chrysomphalus aonidum. [Distribution map].

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Chrysomphalus Aonidum

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus). Hemiptera: Diaspididae. Hosts: polyphagous, but especially Citrus spp. and other fruit trees. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sicily, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Madeira, Romania, Spain, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Mainland Spain), Asia (Bhutan, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen), Africa (Algeria, Burundi, Comoros, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Texas, Virginia, Washington), Central America & Caribbean (Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu).

Puccinia kuehnii. [Distribution map].

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Puccinia Kuehnii

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Puccinia kuehnii (W. Krüger) E. J. Butler, Basidiomycota: Pucciniales. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Guangxi, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Kerala, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Honshu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), North America (USA, Florida), Central America & Caribbean (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama), Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands).

Elsinoë batatas. [Distribution map].

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Northern Mariana Islands ◽  
Brunei Darussalam

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Elsinoë batatas Viegas & Jenkins Fungi: Ascomycota: Dothideales Hosts: Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Philippines, Taiwan, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Hawaii, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Puerto Rico, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Alagoas, Bahia, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French, Polynesia, Guam, Micronesia, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.

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