Allergic disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-180
Author(s):  
Gavin Spickett
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Atopic Diseases ◽  
World War ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Second World

Allergic diseases are common: it has been estimated that 15% of the population will suffer from some sort of allergic reaction during their lifetime. There has been an increase in atopic diseases since the Second World War. This chapter discusses the presentation, immunological features, diagnosis, testing, and treatment for a wide range of allergic diseases. When appropriate, differential diagnoses are included.

scholarly journals SPIRITS, POWER AND THE POLITICAL IMAGINATION IN LATE-COLONIAL GABON

Africa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Cinnamon
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
World War ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Second World

ABSTRACTThrough narratives of an anti-‘fetish’ movement that swept through north-eastern Gabon in the mid-1950s, the present article traces the contours of converging political and religious imaginations in that country in the years preceding independence. Fang speakers in the region make explicit connections between the arrival of post-Second World War electoral politics, the anti-fetish movements, and perceptions of political weakening and marginalization of their region on the eve of independence. Rival politicians and the colonial administration played key roles in the movement, which brought in a Congolese ritual expert, Emane Boncoeur, and his two powerful spirits, Mademoiselle and Mimbare. These spirits, later recuperated in a wide range of healing practices, continue to operate today throughout northern Gabon and Rio Muni. In local imaginaries, these spirits played central roles in the birth of both regional and national politics, paradoxically strengthening the colonial administration and Gabonese auxiliaries in an era of pre-independence liberalization. Thus, regional political events in the 1950s rehearsed later configurations of power, including presidential politics, on the national stage.

scholarly journals CONSERVATIVE PARTY AND THE PROBLEMS OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE EARLY YEARS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR (on the pages of “Diary of a diplomat” by I. M. Maisky)

2016 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
E. V. Khakhalkina
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second World

The “Diary” of the Soviet diplomat I. M. Maisky, who worked in London for more than ten years first as a messenger, then as the Soviet ambassador to the UK, is one of the valuable sources for the interwar period and the Second World War. The “Diary” contains records of Maisky’s conversations with the leading British politicians and public figures and his own thoughts on a wide range of issues, including the problems of the British Empire. The author of the paper analyzes the views of the Tories on the prospects for the British Empire and the Commonwealth of the postwar period and reveals the plans for the reconstruction of the Empire and its transformation while maintaining the dominant position of Britain in the format of a new relationship with the dominions and colonies. The paper shows that within the British political establishment there was no consensus on the future of the empire and, as the materials of the “Diary of diplomat” evidence, the problem of the evolution of the Empire had a close relationship with other areas of foreign and domestic policy.

Agricultural Aviation

1960 ◽  
Vol 64 (590) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
A. H. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry ◽  
The World ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Second World

The first International Agricultural Aviation Conference, held at the College of Aeronautics at Cranfield between the 15th and 18th of September 1959, was well timed to mark one stage in the development of the art of airborne farming—it was the stage when the art ceased to be mainly experimental and became essentially a commercial business.Intermittently for the past thirty years, in various parts of the world, attempts have been made with varying degrees of economic and practical success to do certain operations connected with farming, forestry or other allied activities. Two main factors within the past decade have served to intensify the interest and activity in the art. One important factor is the general improvement in aircraft, including helicopters, coupled with the very large number of relatively suitable ones which became redundant (and therefore cheap) at the end of the Second World War. The other factor, equal in importance, concerns the development of the science of agricultural chemistry which has given the farmer a new and wide range of fertilisers, selective weed killers and other chemical forms of pest control which are effective in reasonably small bulk.

Victims' Rights Overview under the ICC Legal Framework: A Jurisprudential Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 531-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gioia Greco
Keyword(s):  
Rome Statute ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Level ◽  
World War ◽  
Victim Status ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Compensation Claims ◽  
Second World

AbstractVictims' role in trials gained greater relevance over the span of the history of domestic legal systems. Even so, it was only after the Second World War that compensation claims enhanced the crescendo of victims' rights recognized at international level. The ICC legal framework stands out as a glaring achievement in the international field. In fact, the Rome Statute grants to victims a wide range of rights starting from the pretrial stage throughout the trial. The protection and involvement of victims in trials reflects not only procedural fairness but also takes into consideration victims' needs and claims for justice. Beginning from a teleological approach, this paper illustrates the victims' rights under the Rome Statute. Particularly, it analyzes the Court's jurisprudential interpretation of the underpinning criteria for victim status and the rights of participation and to justice as illustrated in the Lubanga case.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Erika Lorraine Milam
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Human Lineage ◽  
World War ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Second World

This introductory chapter offers a quick glimpse into the historical milieu during which this volume is set. Between the Second World War and the 1970s, this chapter shows that scientists from a wide range of disciplines crafted a historical trajectory for humanity that was self-consciously anti-eugenic. The best of humanity had not degenerated from living in the artificial constructs of civilization, would not dissolve because of the overbreeding of the lower classes, and could not be corrupted through miscegenation. Instead, these evolutionists argued that our common past provided evidence of our continued remarkable success as a species. In essence, so these scientists reasoned, our present human nature resulted from the synergy of biology and culture, both in dynamic flux throughout our development as a species. We had become the most recent manifestation of a human lineage destined for even greater things in the future. Through their work, an evolutionary perspective wended its way into each discipline perched at the intersection of the natural and social sciences.

Jewish Solicitors 1945‒1990

2003 ◽  
pp. 286-328
Author(s):  
John Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Legal Profession ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Property Market ◽  
World War ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Housing Boom ◽  
Sustained Effort ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

This chapter studies Jewish solicitors from 1945 to 1990. Although the groundwork for the transformation of the position of Jews in the legal profession had been laid prior to the Second World War, the burgeoning careers of many solicitors were interrupted by service in the armed forces and were not resumed until the late 1940s. Practices left in the hands of managing clerks and neighbouring solicitors had run down, and it took a few years of sustained effort to restore many a practice to its former level. However, a group of enterprising Jewish solicitors did more than this: they seized the opportunities that existed in the 1950s and 1960s as a result of post-war rebuilding, the office and housing boom, and the consumer revolution, and sometimes hitched their fortunes to those of Jewish property entrepreneurs or entered the property market themselves. Others, too, through their financial and legal acumen, became directors of a wide range of companies.

scholarly journals Ideological Transfers and Bureaucratic Entanglements: Nazi ‘Experts’ on the ‘Jewish Question’ and the Romanian-German Relations, 1940–1944

Fascism ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-100
Author(s):  
Constantin Iordachi ◽  
Ottmar Traşcă
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
World War ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Second World

This article focuses on the transfer of the Nazi legal and ideological model to East Central Europe and its subsequent adoption, modification and fusion with local legal-political practices. To illustrate this process, we explore the evolution of the anti-Semitic policy of the Antonescu regime in Romania (1940–1944) from an under-researched perspective: the activity of the Nazi ‘advisors on the Jewish Question’ dispatched to Bucharest. Based on a wide range of published and unpublished archival sources, we attempt to provide answers to the following questions: To what extent did the Third Reich shape Romania’s anti-Semitic polices during the Second World War? What was the role played by the Nazi advisors in this process? In answering these questions, special attention is devoted to the activity of the Hauptsturmführer ss Gustav Richter, who served as Berater für Juden und Arisierungsfragen [advisor to the Jewish and Aryanization questions] in the German Legation in Bucharest from 1st of April 1941 until 23 August 1944. We argue that, by evaluating the work of the Nazi experts in Bucharest, we can better grasp the immediate as well as the longer-term objectives followed by the Third Reich in Romania on the ‘Jewish Question,’ and the evolution of this issue within the context of the Romanian-German diplomatic relations and political interactions. By taking into account a variety of internal and external factors and by reconstructing the complicated web of political and bureaucratic interactions that led to the crystallization of General Ion Antonescu’s policy towards the Jews, we are able to provide a richer and more nuanced analysis of German-Romanian relations during the Second World War.

scholarly journals Romania in the Second World War 1939–1945: unknown facts and new views on the problem

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Serhii Luchkanyn
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Full Support ◽  
Political Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Military Rank ◽  
Second World ◽  
Human Losses

The article is devoted to the analysis of different views in Romanian historiography on the participation of I. Antonescu, along with Germany, Italy, Hungary, Slovakia and Finland, in the war against the USSR, starting from June 22, 1941. It is known that the decision to join the anti-Soviet war was taken by I. Antonescu alone, without any consultation with any political group, or even with the king Mihai, who has learned from the BBC radio that Romania had entered the war with the USSR. First, the war was proclaimed as a “sacred war” against Bolshevism for the return of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, received full support from the king and from the leaders of the “historical parties”, as well as from a wide range of the population. However, in August 1941, at the request of Hitler, having already military rank of Marshal, Ion Antonescu decided to continue the war in the East, which has been completely unfounded (the territory to the East of the Dniester never belonged to Romania). The modern Romanian historiographers emphasize that the continuation of the anti-Soviet war on the other side of the Dniester, which led to large (and useless) human losses, has become one of Antonescu’s greatest mistakes. The article also raises the issue of the Holocaust in Romania during the Second World War (suppressed during the communist years), the decline in the scale of the tragedy in that period. It is noted that the arrest of I. Antonescu on August 23, 1944 was the merit of the young king, Mihai I, and his entourage, and not the Communist Party of Romania represented by Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu.

Power Relations during the Transition from Nazi to Post-Nazi Rule

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Second World

Europe’s mid-century crisis of the 1940s destabilized power relations due to the simultaneous expansion and erosion of state power relative to society. This in turn unleashed a process of paramilitarization that eroded the state’s monopoly over the use of force. Ferocious struggles for power broke out at a local level between a wide range of gangs and armed bands. Paramilitarization reached a high point during the chaotic transitional period between Nazi and post-Nazi rule when the day-to-day authority of the state broke down almost completely. In order to gain an advantage over their rivals, actors on the ground established client–patron relationships with one or other of the great powers. Local struggles in Europe thereby became internationalized, which in turn contributed significantly both to the course of the Second World War and to the outbreak of the Cold War.

scholarly journals "The sort of man": Politics, Clothing and Characteristics in British Propaganda Depictions of Royal Air Force Aviators, 1939-1945

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Liam Barnsdale
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Textual Analysis ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Multiple Media ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

<p>Throughout the Second World War, the Royal Air Force saw widespread promotion by Britain’s propagandists. RAF personnel, primarily aviators, and their work made frequent appearances across multiple propaganda media, being utilised for a wide range of purposes from recruitment to entertainment. This thesis investigates the depictions of RAF aviators in British propaganda material produced during the Second World War. The chronological changes these depictions underwent throughout the conflict are analysed and compared to broader strategic and propaganda trends. Additionally, it examines the repeated use of clothing and characteristics as identifying symbols in these representations, alongside their appearances in commercial advertisements, cartoons and personal testimony. Material produced or influenced by the Ministry of Information, Air Ministry and other parties within Britain’s propaganda machine across multiple media are examined using close textual analysis. Through this examination, these parties’ influences on RAF aviators’ propaganda depictions are revealed, and these representations are compared to reality as described by real aviators in post-war accounts. While comparing reality to propaganda, the traits unique to, or excessively promoted in, propaganda are identified, and condensed into a specific set of visual symbols and characteristics used repeatedly in propaganda depictions of RAF aviators. Examples of these traits from across multiple media are identified and analysed, revealing their systematic use as aids for audience recognition and appreciation.</p>

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