Global Anaesthesia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Drug Formulary ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Austere Environments ◽  
Reference Tool ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

The Oxford Specialist Handbook of Global Anaesthesia is an authoritative and comprehensive reference tool for anaesthetists practising in low-resource settings. It provides essential information to trained anaesthetists on delivering care without the equipment, drugs, and colleague support they might be used to in high-resource settings. Written by international experts in the field it will be useful to anaesthetists planning to work in remote and rural areas or countries with poor healthcare resources. It will also be useful to those working as part of disaster and emergency response medical teams. The technical and organizational aspects of delivering anaesthesia in austere environments are addressed, as are drugs and equipment that might be unfamiliar to anaesthetists practising in high-resource settings, e.g. ketamine and draw-over anaesthesia. The sub-specialties of obstetrics, paediatrics, burns, pain, trauma, and critical care are all covered in the clinical section. Useful reference tables, including a drug formulary, ensure that this book is the essential ‘survival guide’ for any trained anaesthetic practitioner planning to work or teach in a remote or resource-poor environment.

scholarly journals A framework for designing medical devices resilient to low-resource settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Piaggio ◽  
Rossana Castaldo ◽  
Marco Cinelli ◽  
Sara Cinelli ◽  
Alessia Maccaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
High Resource ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Background To date (April 2021), medical device (MD) design approaches have failed to consider the contexts where MDs can be operationalised. Although most of the global population lives and is treated in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMCIs), over 80% of the MD market share is in high-resource settings, which set de facto standards that cannot be taken for granted in lower resource settings. Using a MD designed for high-resource settings in LMICs may hinder its safe and efficient operationalisation. In the literature, many criteria for frameworks to support resilient MD design were presented. However, since the available criteria (as of 2021) are far from being consensual and comprehensive, the aim of this study is to raise awareness about such challenges and to scope experts’ consensus regarding the essentiality of MD design criteria. Results This paper presents a novel application of Delphi study and Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to develop a framework comprising 26 essential criteria, which were evaluated and chosen by international experts coming from different parts of the world. This framework was validated by analysing some MDs presented in the WHO Compendium of innovative health technologies for low-resource settings. Conclusions This novel holistic framework takes into account some domains that are usually underestimated by MDs designers. For this reason, it can be used by experts designing MDs resilient to low-resource settings and it can also assist policymakers and non-governmental organisations in shaping the future of global healthcare.

Does membership of local Chambers of Commerce networks enhance rural SME performance?: An empirical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattanapong Tiwasing ◽  
Sukanlaya Sawang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chamber Of Commerce ◽  
Chambers Of Commerce

PurposeLocal Chambers of Commerce networks provide small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with an opportunity to access essential information and networking with other businesses, resulting in improved business performance. However, rural SMEs are less likely to participate in these networks and often possess lower performance. This paper aims to examine the relationship between being members of local Chambers of Commerce networks and rural SMEs’ performance by comparing business performance between rural SMEs who are members and non-members of local Chambers of Commerce networks. This paper also further explores difference in business growth plans between rural SMEs members and non-members.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis draws on cross-sectional data of 3,769 rural SMEs in England and Wales from the UK's Government Longitudinal Small Business Survey 2015. Propensity score matching (PSM) is applied to control for selection bias and variations in business characteristics before comparing business performance, measured in terms of annual turnover, sale growth and profitability, between rural SMEs that are members and non-members of local Chambers of Commerce networks.FindingsOur results show that rural SME members of local Chambers of Commerce networks are more likely to grow their sales than non-members. However, they perform as good as non-members in terms of turnover and profitability. The results also emphasise that local Chambers of Commerce networks are crucial for rural SMEs to develop the skills of the workforce and leadership capability of managers, new product/service development and new working practices. Therefore, to enhance rural SMEs' performance, tailoring the services of local Chambers of Commerce to support rural businesses' needs and encouraging rural SMEs to make use of business networks are recommended.Practical implicationsThe paper unpacks the relationships between being local Chamber of Commerce membership and business performance, offering lessons for rural SMEs to boost their business performance and growth through participating in local business association networks.Originality/valueThis paper is the first study that explores the comparative analysis of business performance and growth plans between rural SMEs that are members and non-members of the local Chamber of Commerce networks. We provide an empirical evidence-based analysis to existing literature regarding the advantages of being local Chamber of Commerce memberships to enhance business performance in rural areas.

Situational Analysis of E-Health Initiative using ICT in Emergency Care Services

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
P. Devika ◽  
N. Mathiyalagan
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government

India, with its billion inhabitants, requires better emergency services to meet the growing demand for faster critical care facilitation. The scientific advances in the field of information and communication technology have contributed to the implementation of various e-health initiatives by various state governments within the country to improve the quality, access, and delivery of emergency care. “108 Emergency Response Service” is an e-health project established by the government of Tamilnadu state in India to render emergency services to the people. A qualitative study of the effectiveness of Information and Communication technologies in this Emergency Response Service (108 Emergency Service) in Coimbatore district of Tamilnadu state (http://www.coimbatore.tn.nic) was done and recommendations to increase the effectiveness were provided. The results reveal that the efficiency and effectiveness of 108 ERS could be greatly enhanced by providing better telecommunication facilities in rural areas and by deploying Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) and Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) technologies to reduce the response time of the emergency vehicles.

Emergency Response in Rural Areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Pilemalm ◽  
Rebecca Stenberg ◽  
Tobias Andersson Granberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Technical Solutions

In this study, security and safety in rural parts of Sweden are investigated. New ways of organizing for efficient response can be found in the extended collaboration between societal sectors and in the utilization of local social capital. New categories of first responders and their requirements are identified and technical and non-technical solutions as support are proposed. The solutions include e.g. mobile applications and a technical infrastructure making it possible for volunteers to obtain information about events requiring emergency response. Emergency management in rural areas shows several similarities to large-scale crises, e.g. in terms of insufficient infrastructure available and the need to use local resources in the immediate aftermath of the event. Therefore, the results of the study can be transferable to large-scale crises.

2017 Handbook of IMF Facilities for Low-Income Countries

Policy Papers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Reference Tool ◽  
Financial Safety Net ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

This Handbook provides guidance to staff on the financial facilities and non-financial instruments for low-income countries (LICs), defined here as all countries eligible to obtain concessional financing from the Fund. It updates the previous version of the Handbook that was published in February 2016 (IMF, 2016d) by incorporating modifications resulting from Board papers and related decisions since that time, including Financing for Development—Enhancing the Financial Safety Net for Developing Countries—Further Considerations (IMF, 2016c), Review of Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust – Review of Interest Rate Structure (IMF, 2016b), Eligibility to Use the Fund’s Facilities for Concessional Financing (IMF, 2017a), Large Natural Disasters—Enhancing the Financial Safety Net for Developing Countries (IMF, 2017b) and Adequacy of the Global Financial Safety Net – Proposal for a New Policy Coordination Instrument (IMF, 2017c). Designed as a comprehensive reference tool for program work on LICs, the Handbook also refers, in summary form, to a range of relevant policies that apply more generally to IMF members. As with all guidance notes, the relevant IMF Executive Board decisions, including the terms of the various LIC Trust Instruments that have been adopted by the Board, remain the sole legal authority on the matters covered in the Handbook

2014 Handbook of IMF Facilities for Low-Income Countries

Policy Papers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (70) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Reference Tool ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

This Handbook, an updated version of a similarly titled document issued in May 2012 (IMF, 2012c), provides guidance to staff on the financial facilities for low-income countries (LICs) that became effective in January 2010 (ECF, SCF, and RCF), and the PSI, including modifications to the guidance resulting from the Review of Facilities for Low-Income Countries (IMF, 2012e and 2013d) and the Review of Eligibility to Use the Fund’s Facilities for Concessional Financing (IMF, 2013c). Designed as a comprehensive reference tool for program work on low-income countries, the Handbook also refers, in summary form, to a range of relevant policies that apply more generally to IMF members. As with all guidance notes, the relevant IMF Executive Board decisions, including the terms of the various LIC Trust Instruments that have been adopted by the Board, remain the sole legal authority on the matters covered in the Handbook.

scholarly journals Chaos in the Wilderness: Lifesaving Performance of Medical Teams in Austere Environments

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Lancer A. Scott ◽  
Julie Teuber ◽  
Jamal Jones ◽  
Judy Staub ◽  
Andrew Seymore
Keyword(s):  
Medical Teams ◽  
Austere Environments

scholarly journals Information Literacy and Women Empowerment for National Development: The Role of First Ladies in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Afolabi M. ◽  
Adeyemo O.
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
National Development ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
First Ladies ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Women's Participation

Information literacy, the ability to access and utilize essential information empower women’s participation in national development and helps them to gain control over their lives. It is key to development and it promotes social inclusion by empowering people to seek and use the information to achieve their goals. It helps women to utilize available resources at their disposal to the best of their ability to achieve optimum results. Women economic empowerment and information literacy cannot be assessed without considering the economic inequality in Nigeria. Women empowerment is the means of reducing women's vulnerability and dependency in all areas of life. Women in Nigeria especially in the rural areas have been neglected, subjected and exposed to poverty with no means of supporting themselves. This paper looks at how information literacy and empowerment can raise the standard of living of women and the role and impact first ladies have played in empowering these women and going forward, how information literacy and women empowerment programmes can be better structured and sustained to further improve their living conditions and the socio-economic development of the nation.

A Cloud-Based Smartphone Solution for Transmitting Bio-Signals From an Emergency Response Vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Adwitiya Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Sidharth Sreekumar ◽  
Bobin Xavier ◽  
Suraj M
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Fiber To The Home ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
The Common ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Data Transferring

Most developing countries are currently unable to provide adequate, let alone advanced healthcare support to rural areas. Telemedicine combines the capability of information technology and dedicated people working towards the common goal of providing good quality healthcare in remote areas. In this article, the authors propose a system that can be used to transmit patient vitals like pulse rate, oxygen saturation, and perfusion index readings to a doctor in a remote area, while a patient is in transit. This system uses a smartphone application, a pulse oximeter, and the real-time data transferring capabilities of Firebase (a cloud database). The application has been tested under various network conditions which includes connection types such as 2G (2nd Generation), 3G (3rd Generation), 4G (4th Generation), and Fiber To The Home (FTTH). The work also discusses the possible reasons for the higher performance found in 4G networks over 3G and 2G cellular connections.

The Columbia Regional Geospatial Service Center System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
P. R. Blackwell ◽  
Darrel McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Center ◽  
Federally Funded ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

During the past 20 years, the role of geospatial technology in society has increased dramatically. However, the impact of these technologies in rural areas remains minimal. In Texas, a federally funded project called the Columbia Regional Geospatial Service Center System (the System) has emerged as a model for bringing the benefits of geospatial technology to all portions of society. The model involves distributed, academically based Centers, each with regional specializations, linked together into a unified system for addressing critical needs in emergency response, economic development, and natural resource management. The Centers operate on three focus areas, i.e., data, applications, and training. The Columbia Center has been in operation for five years and has demonstrated the practical strength of the System through numerous local and statewide projects, responses to natural disasters, and other geospatial activities.

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