Chronic Kidney Disease

2014 ◽  
pp. 638-652
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Urine Composition

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) as either (1) a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 〈60 mL/min with or without kidney damage for 3 or more months or (2) the presence of kidney damage for 3 or more months demonstrated by pathologic abnormalities, markers of kidney damage (e.g., blood or urine composition), or imaging tests. In the United States it is estimated that CKD affects 7–10% of the adult population or 15–20 million individuals, although specific subgroups such as African Americans and Hispanics are at especially high risk. Chapter 60 in this section of the volume reviews the complications of CKD.

scholarly journals Gambaran audiogram pada anak dengan penyakit ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
Muyassaroh Muyassaroh ◽  
Heru Muryawan ◽  
Nastiti Dwi Cahyani
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing

Latar belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) adalah kerusakan ginjal atau penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus (GFR) kurang dari 60 mL / min / 1,73 m2 paling sedikit 3 bulan. Pasien PGK memiliki resiko kejadian kurang pendengaran yang tinggi. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran audiogram anak dengan PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis. Metode : Diskriptif retrospektif  7 kasus PGK ada anak yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUP Dr.Kariadi Semarang Juli 2017. Hasil : didapatkan 5 kasus(71,4%) kurang pendengaran sensorineural, 1 kasus (14,3%) kurang pendengaran campuran (MHL) dan 1 kasus (14,3%) normal. Derajat kurang pendengaran bervariasi dari derajat ringan sampai sangat berat. Kesimpulan: Kurang pendengaran sensorineural sebagian besar terjadi pada anak dengan PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis. Kata kunci : Audiogram, SNHL, PGK   Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is kidney damage or a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL / min / 1.73 m2 for at least 3 months. Patients with CKD have a high risk of hearing loss. Objective: The aim of illustrate the audiogram on  children with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Methode : Descriptif retrospective to seven cases of children with chronic kidney disease who undergoing hemodialysis in Karyadi hospital juli 2017. Result : Five cases (71,4%) with sensorineural hearing loss. One case(14,3%) showed severe mix hearing loss, one cases(14,3%)  with normal audiogram. The degree of hearing loss  from mild to profound Conclusion: Sensorineural hearing loss may occur in the majority of children with CKD on hemodialysis   Keywords : Audiogram, SNHL, PGK

Chronic kidney disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Herrington ◽  
Aron Chakera ◽  
Christopher A. O’Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Health It ◽  
Kidney Structure ◽  
Renal Abnormalities

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, where the abnormalities have been present for >3 months and have implications for health. It is characterized by a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or other renal abnormalities. CKD is staged according to the eGFR or the degree of albuminuria. The KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) criteria for CKD is either an eGFR that is <60 ml/min 1.73 m−2 and has been present for >3 months, or one or more markers of kidney damage, when these have been present for >3 months.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF KIDNEY DAMAGE IN HIV-INFECTED

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V.D. Moskalyuk ◽  
M.O. Andrushchak ◽  
M.O. Sokolenko ◽  
I.V. Balanyuk ◽  
Y.I. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Lesions

Relevance. In HIV-infected patients, renal disease, which is characterized by severe clinical manifestations, can significantly affect the prognosis of life. Given the growing number of HIV-infected people in the world and the increase in the life expectancy of such patients, an increase in the number of HIV-infected people in need of expensive renal replacement therapy, as well as kidney transplantation, should be expected. But the question of the nature of kidney damage in HIV infection in Ukraine is still insufficiently covered. The objective of the work is to establish the clinical and laboratory features of kidney damage in HIV infection. Materials and methods. 292 patients with HIV were examined. Screening for markers of kidney damage (albuminuria/proteinuria) was performed by test systems (using urine strips). The results obtained with the help of test strips were considered as indicative. In the presence of ≥1+ proteinuria in the screening test, which corresponded to a gradation of 30 mg/l, repeated urine analyzes were performed with quantitative determination of protein on a spectrophotometer, separated in time from 3 days to one week. The functional state of the kidneys was assessed by an integrated indicator that characterizes the degree of preservation/loss of mass of active nephrons. The criterion for renal impairment was a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min by 1.73 m2. Chronic kidney disease was diagnosed when proteinuria or proteinuria was detected in combination with a decrease in GFR for 3 months or more. Results. Based on the main markers of renal damage (persistent proteinuria (PU) and glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73m2), 48 people were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, which was often accompanied by dysfunction of these organs. Based on the analysis of complaints, anamnestic data, and clinical symptoms of kidney damage, patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group (n = 31, or 64.6%) - patients with tubulointerstitial, the second group (n = 17, or 35.4%) - patients with glomerular diseases. Increased PU levels are accompanied by significantly significant renal impairment and a more frequent combination with hypertension and hematuria in the absence of significant differences in the frequency of opportunistic diseases. Conclusions. In HIV-infected kidney damage is most often characterized by their tubulointerstitial lesions. At the same time, glomerular kidney damage, which is much less common, is accompanied by significantly higher levels of HIV RNA.

Chronic kidney disease

2010 ◽  
pp. 3904-3929
Author(s):  
Eberhard Ritz ◽  
Tilman B. Drüeke
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Estimated Gfr

Definition—chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage lasting for more than 3 months characterized by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Staging—CKD has been subdivided into five stages depending on the estimated GFR (eGFR), as described in ...

scholarly journals Rationale of screening for early kidney damage in patients with high cardiovascular risk: nephrologist’s point of view

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Laurynas Rimševičius ◽  
Diana Aksionova ◽  
Marius Miglinas ◽  
Jolita Badarienė ◽  
Ligita Ryliškytė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes

SummaryIncreased awareness of chronic kidney disease stimulates an interest towards early detection and prevention. The true prevalence of kidney injury varies from 10 to 40%, mostly depending on the methodology of the study and the population enrolled. A screening strategy targeting the highest risk groups, those with diabetes or hypertension, family history of diabetes, hypertension, or kidney disease, is likely to be most efficient and cost effective. Quantification for albuminuria should be performed using laboratorymethods or albumin to creatinine ratio and should be monitored at regular intervals. The most correct equations calculating glomerular filtration rate differ in separate populations, and the most accurate equations in patients with high cardiovascular risk are MDRD and CKD-EPI. Markers of early kidney damage have association with other target organs damage, even in subclinical or preclinical mode. Individuals at stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease, with higher levels of proteinuria, proteinuria together with haematuria, rapidly declining glomerular filtration rate, or poorly controlled hypertension should be referred to a nephrologist in order to identify the cause, provide recommendations, slow progression, or treat complications.

scholarly journals The difference of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent Pre- and Post-Ultrafiltration Hemodialysis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Rindra Hermawathi ◽  
Arifoel Hajat ◽  
Yetti Hernaningsih ◽  
Widodo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
The Difference

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by kidney damage and a decrease of Glomerular Filtration Rate of less than 60 mL/ min/1.73 m2 in more than three months. Anemia is the most common complication in patients with CKD who regularly undergo hemodialysis. Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (Ret-He) is a new parameter that can reflect the storage of iron for erythropoiesis. This study compared the Ret-He level pre and post-hemodialysis and evaluated the effect of ultrafiltration (UF) hemodialysis to Ret-He level in CKD patients. This research was an observational analytical study. Samples were 50 patients with CKD who underwent hemodialysis regularly in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya by consecutive sampling from August–September 2017. The measurement of the Ret-He level pre ultrafiltration hemodialysis was divided into UF < 2 L and UF ≥ 2 L. Both groups showed homogenous results. The group with UF < 2 L increased significantly from pre to post ultrafiltration (p=0.010). The group with UF ≥ 2 L was not increased considerably from 30.57±3.62 to 32.69±3.45 (p=0.413). Ret-He level in the group with UF < 2 L was 0.81±1.10, significantly higher than the group with UF  ≥ 2 L  0.12±0.83 (p=0.017). The difference of Ret-He level pre and post ultrafiltration was significant in UF < 2 L. There was a significant increase of the Ret-He level in hemodialysis with  UF < 2 L compared to UF ≥ 2 L. The measurement of Ret-He should be performed before hemodialysis due to an increase in Ret-He after ultrafiltration hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Childhood Socioeconomic Status, Comorbidity of Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factors, and Kidney Function Among Adults in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Surachman ◽  
Jonathan Daw ◽  
Bethany Bray ◽  
Lacy Alexander ◽  
Christopher Coe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
High Probability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Class ◽  
Clustering Of Risk Factors

Abstract Background: There is a lack of empirical effort that systematically investigates the clustering of comorbidity among known risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated inflammation) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and how different types of comorbidity may link differently to kidney function among healthy adult samples. This study modeled the clustering of comorbidity among risk factors, examined the association between the clustering of risk factors and kidney function, and tested whether the clustering of risk factors was associated with childhood SES.Methods: The data were from 2,118 participants (ages 25-84) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study. Risk factors included obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), high total cholesterol levels, poor glucose control, and increased inflammatory activity. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated from serum creatinine, calculated with the CKD-EPI formula. The clustering of comorbidity among risk factors and its association with kidney function and childhood SES were examined using latent class analysis (LCA).Results: A five-class model was optimal: (1) Low Risk (class size = 36.40%; low probability of all risk factors), (2) Obese (16.42%; high probability of large BMI and abdominally obese), (3) Obese and Elevated BP (13.37%; high probability of being obese and having elevated BP), (4) Non-Obese but Elevated BP (14.95%; high probability of having elevated BP, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated inflammation), and (5) High Risk (18.86%; high probability for all risk factors). Obesity was associated with kidney hyperfiltration, while comorbidity between obesity and hypertension was linked to compromised kidney filtration. As expected, the High Risk class showed the highest probability of having eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P = .12; 95%CI = .09 - .17). Finally, low childhood SES, controlling for education, adult SES, age, gender, and race, was associated with a higher probability of being in the High Risk rather than the Low Risk class (b = -0.20, SE = 0.07, OR [95%CI] = 0.82 [0.71-0.95]).Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of considering the impact of childhood SES on risk factors known to be associated with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease detection, staging and treatment in cardiovascular disease prevention

Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2020-318004
Author(s):  
Julio Alejandro Lamprea-Montealegre ◽  
Michael G Shlipak ◽  
Michelle M Estrella
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
End Stage

Globally, nearly 10% of the population has chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or a urinary albumin to creatinine ratio greater than 30 mg/g (3 mg/mmol). Persons with CKD have a substantially high risk of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, most persons with CKD are far more likely to develop a cardiovascular event than to progress to end-stage kidney disease. Although early detection and staging of CKD could help prevent its cardiovascular consequences, current rates of testing for CKD are very low, even among high-risk populations such as persons with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we first describe the need to test for both estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria among persons at high risk of CKD in order to properly stage CKD and enhance cardiovascular risk stratification. We then discuss how detection and staging for CKD could help prioritise patients at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure who could derive the largest benefit from cardiovascular preventive interventions. In addition, we discuss the central role of CKD detection and staging in the initiation of cardiorenal preventive therapies, such as the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, which have shown overwhelming evidence of cardiorenal protection. We conclude by discussing strategies to overcome historical barriers to CKD detection and treatment.

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