Brucellar arthritis

2013 ◽  
pp. 794-801
Author(s):  
Esperanza Merino ◽  
Eliseo Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Local Complication ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
First Line Treatment

Joint infection is the most common local complication of brucellosis and is a frequent cause of infectious arthritis in endemic areas. Brucellosis is prevalent in countries of the Mediterranean basin, the Near East, South America, and possibly sub-Saharan Africa. Brucella melitensis and B. abortus are the most common species. Arthralgia occurs in 70% of patients with brucellosis, Large peripheral joints are a common site of localized infection. The sacroiliac joint is frequently involved (30–75%) in recent series. First-line treatment is with doxycycline combined with either streptomycin or gentamycin.

Brucellar arthritis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza Merino ◽  
Eliseo Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Common Site ◽  
First Line ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Local Complication ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Joint infection is the most common local complication of brucellosis and is a frequent cause of infectious arthritis in endemic areas. Brucellosis is prevalent in countries of the Mediterranean basin, the Near East, South America, and possibly sub-Saharan Africa. Brucella melitensis and B. abortus are the most common species. Arthralgia occurs in 70% of patients with brucellosis, Large peripheral joints are a common site of localized infection. The sacroiliac joint is frequently involved (30–75%) in recent series. First-line treatment is with doxycycline combined with either streptomycin or gentamycin.

Brucellosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1102-1109
Author(s):  
Juan D. Colmenero ◽  
Pilar Morata
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Laboratory Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease. It remains endemic in the Mediterranean basin, Northern Africa, the Middle East, Western Europe, Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Central Asia. There are three species especially pathogens for humans; Brucella melitensis (most commonly associated with goats, sheep, and camels), B. abortus (cattle) and B. suis (pigs). Brucellosis is usually transmitted by direct contact with infected animals, by ingestion of untreated dairy products, and less frequently by inhalation (laboratory workers) or inoculation (veterinary). Symptoms are very non-specific and heterogeneous, hence epidemiological information collected in the clinical history is very important. Definite diagnosis always requires laboratory confirmation, either by isolating the organism from blood, body fluids or tissues, or by demonstration of high titres of specific antibodies or seroconversion.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Local Communities towards Marula Tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) Conservation at the Villages of Ha-Mashau and Ha-Mashamba in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ndidzulafhi Sinthumule ◽  
Mbuelo Mashau
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
Sub Saharan

The marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra), a common species in sub-Saharan Africa, grows naturally in both protected and communal land. Although considerable research has been undertaken on these trees in southern Africa, to the authors’ knowledge, the attitudes of local communities towards the protection of marula trees, particularly in communal land, has not been researched. This study intends to fill this gap in knowledge by examining the attitudes of local people towards conservation of marula trees. Studying the attitudes of people can provide insights on how they behave and how they are willing to coexist with S. birrea. The case study is set in Limpopo Province of South Africa in the villages of Ha-Mashau (Thondoni) and Ha-Mashamba where marula trees grow naturally. To fulfil the aim of this study, door-to-door surveys were carried out in 2018 and questionnaire interviews were used as the main data collection tool in 150 randomly selected households. The study revealed that local communities in the study area had positive attitudes towards conservation of marula trees. Strategies that are used by local communities to protect marula trees in communal land are discussed.

scholarly journals Occurrence of acanthocephalans in Teleost fishes of Gemlik Bay, Sea of Marmara, Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oğuz ◽  
Y. Kvach
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
New Record ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Trachurus Trachurus ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
Scorpaena Scrofa ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Uranoscopus Scaber

Abstract The fish acanthocephalan fauna of Turkish waters is poorly known. In this study 8 fish species (Merluccius merluccius, Trachurus trachurus, Uranoscopus scaber, Gobius niger, G. cobitis, Scorpaena scrofa, Eutrigla gurnardus, Solea vulgaris) were collected from Gemlik Bay and examined for their acanthocephalan fauna. Four species not previously recorded in fish of Turkish waters were found: Solearhynchus soleae (Echinorhynchidae), Acanthhocephaloides propinquus, Paracanthocephaloides kostylewi (Arhythmacanthidae), and Longicollum pagrosomi (Pomphorhynchidae). The most common species was A. propinquus, a parasite that infects mostly gobiids (G. niger, G. cobitis). Longicollum pagrosomi was a new record for the Mediterranean basin.

Pre-hospital oily chloramphenicol treatment in meningitis outbreaks in low resources environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
Enrico Rino Bregani ◽  
Matilde Conti ◽  
Caterina Valcarenghi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Hospital Referral ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Pre Treatment

Bacterial meningitis is an important cause of death and disability in sub-Saharan Africa and, with pre-treatment in peripheral health centres, the poorest populations could avoid early death, especially if they live far from hospital. During the 2001 meningitis epidemic in south Chad, Moyen Chari sanitary district peripheral health centres were equipped with oily chloramphenicol (CAP) to administer before hospital referral in suspected cases of meningitis. Eighty-six patients treated with CAP in whom the diagnosis was definitively confirmed subsequently in hospital were compared with patients receiving CAP at hospital admission during the same period. A statistically significant reduction in lethality rate, need of second line treatment or adjunctive antibiotics, and mean hospital stay were confirmed in pre-treated patients.

scholarly journals Genetic, textual, and archaeological evidence of the historical global spread of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira A. Herniter ◽  
María Muñoz-Amatriaín ◽  
Timothy J. Close
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Columbian Exchange ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

ABSTRACTCowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) was originally domesticated in sub-Saharan Africa but is now cultivated on every continent except Antarctica. Utilizing archaeological, textual, and genetic resources, the spread of cultivated cowpea has been reconstructed. Cowpea was domesticated in Africa, likely in both West and East Africa, before 2500 BCE and by 400 BCE was long established in all the modern major production regions of the Old World, including sub-Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, India, and Southeast Asia. Further spread occurred as part of the Columbian Exchange, which brought African germplasm to the Caribbean, the southeastern United States, and South America, and Mediterranean germplasm to Cuba, the southwestern United States and Northwest Mexico.

scholarly journals Microcosting Analysis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treatment in Malawi

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Painschab ◽  
Racquel E. Kohler ◽  
Edwards Kasonkanji ◽  
Takondwa Zuze ◽  
Bongani Kaimila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Salvage Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
First Line ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Large B Cell ◽  
First Line Treatment

PURPOSE To describe the cost of treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in Malawi under the following circumstances: (1) palliation only, (2) first-line cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), (3) salvage etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (EPIC), and (4) salvage gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX). METHODS We conducted a microcosting analysis from the health system perspective in the context of a prospective cohort study at a national teaching hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Clinical outcomes data were derived from previously published literature from the cohort. Cost data were collected for treatment and 2-year follow-up, reflecting costs incurred by the research institution or referral hospital for goods and services. Costs were collected in Malawian kwacha, inflated and converted to 2017 US dollars. RESULTS On a per-patient basis, palliative care alone cost $728 per person. Total costs for first-line treatment with CHOP chemotherapy was $1,844, of which chemotherapy drugs made up 15%. Separate salvage EPIC and GEMOX cost $2,597 and $3,176, respectively. Chemotherapy drugs accounted for 30% of EPIC and 47% of GEMOX. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is among the first published efforts to characterize detailed costs of cancer treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. The per-patient cost of first-line treatment of DLBCL in Malawi is low relative to high-income countries, suggesting that investments in fixed-duration, curative-intent DLBCL treatment may be attractive in sub-Saharan Africa. Salvage treatment of relapsed/refractory DLBCL costs much more than first-line therapy. Formal cost-effectiveness modeling for CHOP and salvage treatment in the Malawian and other low-resource settings is needed to inform decision makers about optimal use of resources for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional mixed methods protocol to describe correlates and explanations for a long duration of untreated psychosis among patients with first episode psychosis in Uganda

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e028029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kiiza Mwesiga ◽  
Noeline Nakasujja ◽  
Linnet Ongeri ◽  
Aggrey Semeere ◽  
Rachel Loewy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
First Line ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
First Line Treatment

IntroductionAmong patients with psychotic disorders, the ‘duration of untreated psychosis’ (DUP) is a predictor of key outcomes such as symptom remission and quality of life. In sub-Saharan Africa, DUP is up to five times longer than in high-income countries, with many patients going without antipsychotic medication for 5 years or longer. One contributor to this high DUP may relate to cultural norms that drive use of alternative and complementary therapies (ACTs) as first-line treatment strategies, rather than biomedical care with antipsychotic medicine. We aim to1determine the prevalence and factors associated with DUP and ACT use in Uganda, and2Identify factors that drive patient and family choices to use ACT as a first-line treatment strategy.Methods and analysisWe will leverage on an ongoing cohort study at the national psychiatric and teaching hospital in Uganda. The parent study is an observational cohort design following antipsychotic naïve adults with a first episode of psychosis without substance use, HIV/AIDS or syphilis. The embedded study will use a mixed methods design including quantitative assessment of parent study participants with the Nottingham Onset Schedule-DUP to determine the DUP. Qualitative assessment will focus on patient and caregiver perceptions and use of ACT and its impact on DUP among patients with psychosis using in-depth interviews.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the school of medicine research and ethics committee of the college of health sciences at Makerere University. It has also received institutional support to perform the study from the Infectious Diseases Institute and Butabika hospital. Besides publication of the work in reputable peer-reviewed journals, we hope that this work will lead to evidence-based discussions on the need for early interventions to reduce DUP in Uganda.

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