Corneal injury

2015 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Shweta Gidwani ◽  
Mike Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Injury

Gene-based Therapeutic Tools in the Treatment of Cornea Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xiao Lu ◽  
Shao-Zhen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Corneal Disease ◽  
Corneal Injury ◽  
Transfer Vectors ◽  
Pathological Development ◽  
Candidate Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

Background: As one of the main blinding ocular diseases, corneal blindness resulted from neovascularization that disrupts the angiogenic privilege of corneal avascularity. Following neovascularization, inflammatory cells are infiltrating into cornea to strengthen corneal injury. How to maintain corneal angiogenic privilege to treat corneal disease has been investigated for decades. Methodology: Local administration of viral and non-viral-mediated anti-angiogenic factors reduces angiogenic protein expression in situ with limited or free of off-target effects upon gene delivery. Recently, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been studied to treat corneal diseases. Once MSCs are manipulated to express certain genes of interest, they could achieve superior therapeutic efficacy after transplantation. Discussion: In the text, we first introduce the pathological development of corneal disease in the aspects of neovascularization and inflammation. We summarize how MSCs become an ideal candidate in cell therapy for treating injured cornea, focusing on cell biology, property and features. We provide an updated review of gene-based therapies in animals and preclinical studies in the aspects of controlling target gene expression, safety and efficacy. Gene transfer vectors are potent to induce candidate protein expression. Delivered by vectors, MSCs are equipped with certain characters by expressing a protein of interest, which facilitates better for MSC-mediated therapeutic intervention for the treatment of corneal disease. Conclusion: As the core of this review, we discuss how MSCs could be engineered to be vector system to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficiency after injection.

Gamma-Irradiated Cornea in Combat-related Ocular Trauma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M Davis ◽  
Carson Clabeaux ◽  
Anton Vlasov ◽  
Paul Houghtaling
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Visual Rehabilitation ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Corneal Injury ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
The Military ◽  
Penetrating Ocular Trauma

ABSTRACT Corneal injury is a known risk for deployed troops worldwide. To the authors’ knowledge, there has been no reported use of gamma-irradiated corneas in the setting of severe corneal trauma. Our report highlights the case of a 36-year-old active duty solider who sustained bilateral penetrating ocular trauma from a nearby ordnance explosion. We propose that ocular surgeons should consider utilizing gamma-irradiated corneas in (1) a situation where the corneal tissue is so damaged that it would be challenging to accomplish an adequate repair while providing the opportunity for future visual rehabilitation and (2) remote and/or deployed environments where storage of fresh donor tissue is limited. The long shelf life of gamma-irradiated corneas reduces the need for specialized storage equipment and the need for continuous resupply, both potentially leading to significant cost savings for the Military Health System.

Electroacupuncture inhibits the corneal ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway in a rat model of dry eye syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 096452842110392
Author(s):  
Yanting Yang ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Lijie Wu ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Danyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Corneal Injury ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Des Model

Background: Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment has been found to ameliorate clinical symptoms in patients with dry eye, but its mechanisms are still not entirely clear. Objective: To study the regulation of EA on ocular surface function and the corneal reactive oxygen species (ROS)/thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory signaling pathway in dry eye syndrome (DES) model rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: Normal, Model, Model + EA, Model + NAC (N-actetylcysteine) and Model + NS (normal saline). The DES model was developed by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide with exposure to an air draft in the latter four groups. After intervention, the Schirmer I test (SIT), tear film break-up time (BUT) and ROS content were measured, the histopathological changes of corneal tissues were observed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were detected. Results: Compared with the Model group, the SIT and BUT increased significantly in the Model + EA group after intervention (p < 0.05), and the corneal injury was improved. Corneal ROS content declined in both Model + EA and Model + NAC groups (p < 0.05), and mRNA expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 also decreased (p < 0.01). Corneal protein expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 decreased significantly in the Model + EA group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Inhibiting the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway may be the mechanism underlying the role of EA in improving corneal injury in DES model rats.

scholarly journals Implantation epithelial iris cyst following the perforating corneal injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Milos Jovanovic ◽  
Zoran Latkovic
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Cataract Extraction ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Extracapsular Cataract Extraction ◽  
Secondary Cataract ◽  
Corneal Injury ◽  
Iris Cyst ◽  
Iris Prolapse

The objective of this case report was to present the development of implantation cyst following the perforating corneal injury, the problems related to the treatment, including total surgical excision of the cyst, the secondary cataract extraction, iridoplasty and the artificial intraocular lens reposition. A patient first presented with perforating corneal injury inflicted by a piece of wood, with the iris prolapse. Primary wound management, reposition of prolapsed iris and corneal sutures were performed four days after the injury. Eight months later, the patient was rehospitalized due to an implantation iris cyst and traumatic cataract. The cyst was excised, the extracapsular cataract extraction was done and the anterior chamber lens was implanted. Postoperative visual acuity was normal. Three years later, the patient presented for a follow-up examination, with the cyst filled up again, occupying two thirds of the anterior chamber. This time, the cyst was completely excised, all fibrous remnants of the secondary cataract were removed, and the iridoplasty was necessary due to large iris coloboma. Reposition of the anterior chamber lens was carried out. Histological examination revealed an implantation iris cyst covered by multilayered squamous epithelium. Normal visual acuity was achieved. The patient has been followed-up for six months uneventfully. Management of perforating corneal wound with iris prolapse may lead to development of an implantation iris cyst. Puncture of the cyst as well as incomplete excision will not solve the problem. Complete surgical removal of the iris cyst is the treatment of choice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Residual Disinfectant Levels in Public Drinking Water Distribution Systems in Relation to an Acanthamoeba Keratitis Outbreak - Illinois, 2002-2009

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Holsinger ◽  
Anna Blackstock ◽  
Sharon L. Roy ◽  
Susan Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water System ◽  
Acanthamoeba Keratitis ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Corneal Injury

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a painful, potentially blinding eye disease associated with contact lens use and corneal injury. AK, caused by the free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba, is ubiquitous in the environment and has been isolated from municipal water supplies. It can be tolerant of normal chlorine levels in drinking water. An AK outbreak investigated in 2003-2005 in five Illinois counties showed a lower AK age-standardized rate ratio in Cook County than in surrounding counties and was hypothesized to be due in part to reductions in residual disinfectant levels (RDLs) in drinking water. We evaluated RDLs in public water systems in the same five Illinois counties over eight years (2002-2009) using a multivariable model of water system RDL measurements. Fitted RDLs for each county were in the acceptable range by United States Environmental Protection Agency standards for the entire study period. After correcting for multiple testing, two of the surrounding counties had fitted RDLs that differed from Cook County for one year. This pattern differed from the epidemiologic pattern of cases observed in the AK outbreak. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that the development of AK was associated with changes in RDLs in the five Illinois counties.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Exogenous Endophthalmitis Caused By Nocardia Farcinica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Česká Burdová ◽  
Kateřina Donátová ◽  
Gabriela Mahelková ◽  
Vanda Chrenková ◽  
Dagmar Dotřelová
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Corneal Injury ◽  
Nocardia Farcinica ◽  
Complicated Course ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Exogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Abstract A case report of post-traumatic exogenous endophthalmitis caused by Nocardia farcinica, including treatment procedures, microbiology examination, and systemic medications. A 23-year-old male suffered a penetrating corneal injury that was treated with sutures. The sutures were individually removed during the 4th and 5th months after surgery. On the thirteenth day after the final suture was removed, an anterior uveitis developed and progressed to whitish, plump, nodular, and tufted exudates within the anterior chamber over the next 10 days; this led to an indication for intraocular surgery. Anterior chamber lavage and resection of solid fibrinous exudates (using a vitrectomy knife) for a complete microbiological examination were performed. Nocardia farcinica was identified. Systemic medications were chosen according to sensitivity, and a fixed combination of sulfamethoxazole 400 mg/trimethoprim 80 mg was administered long-term (months). After a complicated course, the final visual acuity was 0.5. In this case, accurate, early detection of an atypical infectious agent and determination of its sensitivity to antibiotic treatment enabled effective treatment that achieved the best functional and anatomical results under the circumstances.

scholarly journals Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of SERPINA3K on Corneal Injury

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e16712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Liu ◽  
Zhirong Lin ◽  
Tong Zhou ◽  
Ronrong Zong ◽  
Hui He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Injury ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Approach to Facial Weakness

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 673-685
Author(s):  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Camilo Diaz Cruz ◽  
Barney J. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cranial Neuropathy ◽  
Facial Weakness ◽  
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome ◽  
Corneal Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Hunt Syndrome ◽  
Cranial Neuropathies

AbstractFacial palsy is a common neurologic concern and is the most common cranial neuropathy. The facial nerve contains motor, parasympathetic, and special sensory functions. The most common form of facial palsy is idiopathic (Bell's palsy). A classic presentation requires no further diagnostic measures, and generally improves with a course of corticosteroid and antiviral therapy. If the presentation is atypical, or concerning features are present, additional studies such as brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis may be indicated. Many conditions may present with facial weakness, either in isolation or with other neurologic signs (e.g., multiple cranial neuropathies). The most important ones to recognize include infections (Ramsay-Hunt syndrome associated with herpes zoster oticus, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and complications of otitis media and mastoiditis), inflammatory (demyelination, sarcoidosis, Miller–Fisher variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome), and neoplastic. No matter the cause, individuals may be at risk for corneal injury, and, if so, should have appropriate eye protection. Synkinesis may be a bothersome residual phenomenon in some individuals, but it has a variety of treatment options including neuromuscular re-education and rehabilitation, botulinum toxin chemodenervation, and surgical intervention.

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