Non-coherent optical radiation sources

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Laser Sources

Optical radiation is ubiquitous, and intense artificial sources find many applications in clinical practice, including zone illumination, diagnosis, and therapy. Its effects on humans are strongly wavelength-dependent, its hazards sometimes overlooked due to familiarity or masking by other wavelengths. This chapter examines non-laser sources of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiations, the risks likely to be encountered in clinical settings, the calculations needed to assess commonly encountered optical radiation sources, and the measures that can be taken to minimize the hazards to workers and patients, in compliance with the requirements of the Artificial Optical Radiation directive.

Current uses of intracranial vessel wall imaging for clinical practice: a high-resolution MR technique recently available

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 642-650
Author(s):  
Felipe Torres PACHECO ◽  
Luiz Celso Hygino da CRUZ JUNIOR ◽  
Igor Gomes PADILHA ◽  
Renato Hoffmann NUNES ◽  
Antônio Carlos Martins MAIA JUNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Vessel Wall Imaging ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Intracranial Vessel ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
Wall Imaging

ABSTRACT Intracranial vessel wall imaging plays an increasing role in diagnosing intracranial vascular diseases. With the growing demand and subsequent increased use of this technique in clinical practice, radiologists and neurologists should be aware of the choices in imaging parameters and how they affect image quality, clinical indications, methods of assessment, and limitations in the interpretation of these images. Due to the improvement of the MRI techniques, the possibility of accurate and direct evaluation of the abnormalities in the arterial vascular wall (vessel wall imaging) has evolved, adding substantial data to diagnosis when compared to the indirect evaluation based on conventional flow analyses. Herein, the authors proposed a comprehensive approach of this technique reinforcing appropriated clinical settings to better use intracranial vessel wall imaging.

CIE 239:2020 Goniospectroradiometry of Optical Radiation Sources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pan ◽  
T. Bergen ◽  
P. Blattner ◽  
J. Campos-Acosta ◽  
T. Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Radiation Sources

Theory-Practice Gap: The Experiences of Nigerian Nursing Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titilayo Dorothy Odetola ◽  
Olusola Oluwasola ◽  
Christoph Pimmer ◽  
Oluwafemi Dipeolu ◽  
Samson Oluwayemi Akande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Theory Practice Gap

The “disconnect” between the body of knowledge acquired in classroom settings and the application of this knowledge in clinical practice is one of the main reasons for professional fear, anxiety and feelings of incompetence among freshly graduated nurses. While the phenomenon of the theory-to-practice gap has been researched quite extensively in high-income country settings much less is known about nursing students’ experiences in a developing country context. To rectify this shortcoming, the qualitative study investigated the experiences of nursing students in their attempt to apply what they learn in classrooms in clinical learning contexts in seven sites in Nigeria. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data gained from eight focus group discussions (n = 80) with the students. The findings reveal a multifaceted theory-practice gap which plays out along four tensions: (1) procedural, i.e. the difference between practices from education institutions and the ones enacted in clinical wards – and contradictions that emerge even within one clinical setting; (2) political, i.e. conflicts that arise between students and clinical staff, especially personnel with a lower qualification profile than the degree that students pursue; (3) material, i.e. the disconnect between contemporary instruments and equipment available in schools and the lack thereof in clinical settings; and (4) temporal, i.e. restricted opportunities for supervised practice owing to time constraints in clinical settings in which education tends to be undervalued. Many of these aspects are linked to and aggravated by infrastructural limitations, which are typical for the setting of a developing country. Nursing students need to be prepared regarding how to deal with the identified procedural, political, material and temporal tensions before and while being immersed in clinical practice, and, in so doing, they need to be supported by educationally better qualified clinical staff.

Into Clinical Practice: Diagnosis and Therapy of Retroperitoneal Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paride Fenaroli ◽  
Federica Maritati ◽  
Augusto Vaglio
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy

scholarly journals Links between Inflammation and Postoperative Cancer Recurrence

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Tomonari Kinoshita ◽  
Taichiro Goto
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
The Status

Despite complete resection, cancer recurrence frequently occurs in clinical practice. This indicates that cancer cells had already metastasized from their organ of origin at the time of resection or had circulated throughout the body via the lymphatic and vascular systems. To obtain this potential for metastasis, cancer cells must undergo essential and intrinsic processes that are supported by the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated inflammation may be engaged in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Despite numerous reports detailing the interplays between cancer and its microenvironment via the inflammatory network, the status of cancer-associated inflammation remains difficult to recognize in clinical settings. In the current paper, we reviewed clinical reports on the relevance between inflammation and cancer recurrence after surgical resection, focusing on inflammatory indicators and cancer recurrence predictors according to cancer type and clinical indicators.

scholarly journals Reconciling the information needs of clinicians, managers and commissioners – a pilot project

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 423-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Clinical Model

Aims and MethodClinicians are often required, by managers, to provide information that does not appear relevant to clinical practice. Rooted in compromise, an outcome-based information model that supports practice and also provides information for managers was developed. A 9–month pilot project at three sites in South-East London took place to test the feasibility of this model in real clinical settings.ResultsAccurate data were reliably collected. Clinicians at participating sites agreed the model produced potentially useful information and, on condition that support is provided, continue to collect data voluntarily.Clinical ImplicationsThis is not an exclusively clinical model. However, because it also fulfils management needs there is a better chance that clinicians will get the support they need.

scholarly journals Optimizing management of low back pain through the pain and disability drivers management model: A feasibility trial

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245689
Author(s):  
Christian Longtin ◽  
Simon Décary ◽  
Chad E. Cook ◽  
Marc O. Martel ◽  
Sylvie Lafrenaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Pragmatic Trial ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Low Back

Introduction Self-reported levels of disability in individuals with low back pain (LBP) have not improved in the last decade. A broader perspective and a more comprehensive management framework may improve disability outcomes. We recently developed and validated the Low Back Pain and Disability Drivers Management (PDDM) model, which aims to identify the domains driving pain and disability to guide clinical decisions. The objectives of this study were to determine the applicability of the PDDM model to a LBP population and the feasibility of conducting a pragmatic trial, as well as to explore clinicians’ perceived acceptability of the PDDM model’s use in clinical settings. Methods This study was an one-arm prospective feasibility trial. Participants included physiotherapists working with a population suffering from LBP and their patients aged 18 years or older presenting with a primary complaint of LBP that sought a new referral and deemed fit for rehabilitation from private and public clinical settings. Clinicians participated in a one-day workshop on the integration of the PDDM model into their clinical practice, and were asked to report various LBP-related outcomes via self-reported questionnaires (i.e., impact of pain on physical function, nervous system dysfunctions, cognitive-emotional factors, work disabilities) at baseline and at six-week follow-up. Physiotherapists’ acceptability of the use of the PDDM model and appreciation of the training were assessed via semi-structured phone interviews. Analyses focused on a description of the model’s applicability to a LBP population, feasibility outcomes and acceptability measures. Results Applicablity of the PDDM model was confirmed since it successfully established the profile of patients according to the elements of each categories, and each of the 5 domains of the model was represented among the study sample. Trial was deemed feasible contingent upon few modifications as our predefined success criteria for the feasibility outcomes were met but feasibility issues pertaining to data collection were highlighted. Twenty-four (24) clinicians and 61 patients were recruited within the study’s timeframe. Patient’s attrition rate (29%) and clinicians’ compliance to the study protocol were adequate. Clinicians’ perceived acceptability of the use of the model in clinical settings and their appreciation of the training and online resources were both positive. Recommendations to improve the model’s integration in clinical practice, content of the workshop and feasibility of data collection methods were identified for future studies. A positive effect for all patients’ reported outcome measures were also observed. All outcome measures except for the PainDetect questionnaire showed a statistically significant reduction post-intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion These findings provide preliminary evidence of the potential of the PDDM model to optimize LBP management as well as conducting a future larger-scale pragmatic trial to determine its effectiveness. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT03949179.

scholarly journals Anti-Nuclear Antibodies in Daily Clinical Practice: Prevalence in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Care

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Y. Avery ◽  
Mart van de Cruys ◽  
Jos Austen ◽  
Frans Stals ◽  
Jan G. M. C. Damoiseaux
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Dsdna Antibody ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Positive Results

For the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), patients are screened for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). ANA, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), have a poor specificity. This hampers interpretation of positive results in clinical settings with low pretest probability of SARD. We hypothesized that the utility of positive ANA IIF results increases from primary to tertiary care. We retrospectively determined ANA, anti-ENA, and anti-dsDNA antibody prevalence in patient cohorts from primary (n=1453), secondary (n=1621), and tertiary (n=1168) care settings. Results reveal that from primary care to tertiary care, ANA prevalence increases (6.2, 10.8, and 16.0%, resp.). Moreover, in primary care low titres (70% versus 51% and 52% in secondary and tertiary care, resp.) are more frequent and anti-ENA/dsDNA reactivities are less prevalent (21% versus 39% in secondary care). Typically, in tertiary care the prevalence of anti-ENA/dsDNA reactivities (21%) is lower than expected. From this descriptive study we conclude that positive ANA IIF results are more prone to false interpretation in clinical settings with low pretest probabilities for SARD, as in primary care. Whether alternative approaches, that is, immunoadsorption of anti-DFS70 antibodies or implementation of anti-ENA screen assays, perform better, needs to be determined.

scholarly journals Renal Function Assessment Gap in Clinical Practice: An Awkward Truth

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Trevisani ◽  
Federico Di Marco ◽  
Umberto Capitanio ◽  
Alessandro Larcher ◽  
Arianna Bettiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Renal Scintigraphy ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Iohexol Plasma Clearance ◽  
Gold Standards

Introduction: An accurate assessment of renal function is needed in the majority of clinical settings. Unfortunately, the most used estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formulas are affected by significant errors in comparison to gold standards methods of measured GFR (mGFR). Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the extent of the error of eGFR formulas compared to the mGFR in different specific clinical settings. Methods: A total retrospectively consecutive cohort of 1,320 patients (pts) enrolled in 2 different European Hospitals (Center 1: 470 pts; Center 2: 850 pts) was collected in order to compare the most common eGFR formulas used by physicians with the most widespread mGFR methods in daily clinical practice (Iohexol Plasma Clearance -Center 1 [mGFR-iox] and Renal Scintigraphy -Center 2 [mGFR-scnt]). The study cohort was composed by urological, oncological, and nephrological pts. The agreement between eGFR and mGFR was evaluated using bias (as median of difference), precision (as interquartile range of difference) accuracy (as P30), and total deviation index. Results: The most accurate eGFR formula in the comparison with gold standard method (Iohexol plasma clearance) in Center 1 was represented by s-creatinine and cystatin C combined Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration-cr-cy, even though the P30 is reduced (84%) under the threshold of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Similar results were found in Center 2, with a wider discrepancy between mGFR-scnt and eGFR formulas due to the minor accuracy of the nuclear tool in respect to the mGFR-iox. Conclusions: The loss of accuracy observed for the formulas at lower values of GFR suggests the mandatory use of gold standards methods as Iohexol Plasma Clearance to assess the correct status of renal function for critical cases. The center 2 showed lower levels of agreement between mGFR and eGFR suggesting that the errors are partially accounted for the Renal Scintigraphy technique too. In particular, we suggest the use of mGFR-iox in oncological urological and nephrological pts with an eGFR lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.

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