Skin cancer: non-melanoma

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy in fair-skinned populations. In Australia, NMSC is four times as common as all other cancers combined, with an incidence of ~1000 per 100 000 person-years. The incidence of NMSC has been gradually rising among Caucasian/white populations over the last few decades. The vast majority of NMSCs are basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), which rarely metastasize, or squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which do have metastatic potential, especially in immune-suppressed individuals. Because of their high frequency in the general population, and particularly in older people, NMSCs are likely to occur in many general oncology patients. Skin cancer risk can be additionally increased in oncology patients as a result of disease-induced immune suppression (e.g., non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) or by a range of cancer treatments including iatrogenic immune suppression, radiation therapy arsenic, and BRAF inhibitors (if not given with a MEK inhibitor). In this chapter the aetiology, pathology, prognosis, and management of NMSCs are discussed.

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Skin cancer: non-melanoma

Oxford Textbook of Oncology ◽

10.1093/med/9780199656103.003.0050 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 690-698

Author(s):

Diona L. Damian ◽

Richard A. Scolyer ◽

Graham Stevens ◽

Alexander M. Menzies ◽

John F. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Immune Suppression ◽

Metastatic Potential ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Cancer Treatments ◽

Oncology Patients ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽

Common Malignancy

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy in fair-skinned populations. In Australia, NMSC is four times as common as all other cancers combined with an incidence of ~1000 per 100 000 person-years. The vast majority of NMSC are basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), which rarely metastasize, or squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which do have metastatic potential, especially in immune-suppressed individuals. Because of their high frequency in the general population, and particularly in older people, NMSCs are likely to occur in many general oncology patients. Skin cancer risk can be additionally increased in oncology patients as a result of disease-induced immune suppression (e.g., non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) or by a range of cancer treatments including iatrogenic immune suppression, radiation therapy, arsenic, and BRAF inhibitors. Interestingly, chronic stress suppresses skin immune responses and increases susceptibility to UV-induced SCC in murine models.

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Epidemiology of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas in a Department of Dermatology: a 5 year review

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia ◽

10.1590/s0365-05962012000200004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 212-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Pedro Andrade ◽

Maria Manuel Brites ◽

Ricardo Vieira ◽

Angelina Mariano ◽

José Pedro Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Skin Neoplasms ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Exposed Skin ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽

Malignant Skin ◽

Melanoma Skin

BACKGROUND: Non-melanoma skin cancer, a common designation for both basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, is the most frequent malignant skin neoplasm. OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologic characterization of the population with Non-melanoma skin cancer. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with Non-melanoma skin cancer based on histopathologic analysis of all incisional or excisional skin biopsies performed between 2004 and 2008 in a Department of Dermatology. RESULTS: A total of 3075 Non-melanoma skin cancers were identified, representing 88% of all malignant skin neoplasms (n=3493) diagnosed in the same period. Of those, 68,3% were basal cell carcinomas. Most Non-melanoma skin cancer patients were female and over 60 years old. Of all Non-melanoma skin cancer, 81,7% (n=1443) were located in sun-exposed skin, and represented 95,1% of malignant skin neoplasms in sun-exposed skin. Non-melanoma skin cancer was the most frequent malignant skin neoplasm in most topographic locations, except for abdomen and pelvis - over 95% of all malignant skin neoplasms in the face, neck and scalp were Non-melanoma skin cancer. Basal cell carcinomas were clearly predominant in all locations, except in upper and lower limbs, lower lip and genitals, where squamous cell carcinomas represented respectively 77,7%, 77,4%, 94,7% and 95,3% of the Non-melanoma skin cancers. CONCLUSION: Being the most common skin cancer, Non-melanoma skin cancer should be under constant surveillance, in order to monitor its epidemiologic dynamics, the efficiency of preventive measures and the adaptation of the healthcare resources.

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Somatic Mutations in TP53 Gene in Colombian Patients With Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

Cancer Diagnosis & Prognosis ◽

10.21873/cdp.10084 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 107-114

Author(s):

LUZ DARY GUTIÉRREZ-CASTAÑEDA ◽

JOHN NOVA ◽

MARÍA IRENE CEREZO-CORTÉS

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Somatic Mutations ◽

Tp53 Gene ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽

Frequent Mutations ◽

Melanoma Skin

Background/Aim: Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Somatic mutations in the TP53 gene are associated with the development of this cancer. To describe mutations in exons 5-8 of the TP53 gene in a sample of Colombian patients with non-melanoma skin cancer. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients with non-melanoma skin cancer were included. Exons 5-8 were amplified and analyzed by PCR-High Resolution Melting and Sanger sequencing. Results: Fifty-seven patients with basal cell carcinomas and 58 with squamous cell carcinomas were studied. 16% of patients with basal cell carcinoma and 26% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma had mutations in the TP53 gene. The most frequent mutations were substitutions, while three patients had deletions. The most frequent mutation was p.R158G. Conclusion: The analysis showed that Colombian individuals with non-melanoma skin cancer have genetic TP53 variants different from those reported as recurrent for this disease.

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Preliminary Clinical Results Using Valencia Applicator and a New Fractionation in Non Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatments

Brachytherapy ◽

10.1016/j.brachy.2011.02.026 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. S24

Author(s):

Alejandro Tormo ◽

Jose Perez-Calatayud ◽

Susana Roldan ◽

Francoise Lliso ◽

Sandra Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Cancer Treatments ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Melanoma Skin

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Interventions to Increase Sunscreen Use in Adults: A Review of the Literature

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/10901981211046534 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109019812110465

Author(s):

Nicholas Allen ◽

Diona L. Damian

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Future Research ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Sunscreen Use ◽

Skin Cancers ◽

Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽

Daily Application ◽

Common Malignancy

Skin cancers are the most common malignancy in Australia. Regular sunscreen use can reduce the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and actinic keratoses and has been associated with reducing the incidence of basal cell carcinomas and melanomas. However, sunscreen effectiveness is limited by the failure of the population to use it routinely. Interventions that promote the daily application of sunscreen may reduce the morbidity, mortality, and economic burden associated with skin malignancies. We reviewed the literature that examines the effectiveness of interventions to increase routine sunscreen use and found that no one strategy has been shown to be clearly effective in adults and that relatively few studies have aimed to increase routine use in groups at extreme skin cancer risk. Future research should consider how interventions can be best designed and how sunscreen use is measured so that cost-effective, feasible strategies that result in improved sunscreen use in adults can be established.

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Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Canada Chapter 1: Introduction to the Guidelines

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1203475415588652 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 205-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lyn C. Guenther ◽

Kirk Barber ◽

Gordon E. Searles ◽

Charles W. Lynde ◽

Peter Janiszewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Evaluation System ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Actinic Keratoses ◽

Assessment Development ◽

Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽

Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽

Melanoma Skin

Background Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including basal and squamous cell carcinoma, represents the most common malignancy. Objective The aim of this document is to provide guidance to Canadian health care practitioners on NMSC management. Methods After conducting a literature review, the group developed recommendations for prevention, management, and treatment of basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and actinic keratoses. These tumour types are considered separately in the accompanying articles. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used to assign strength to each recommendation. Results This introduction describes the scope and structure of the guidelines and the methods used to develop them. The epidemiology of NMSC is reviewed, as are the pathophysiologic changes occurring with damage to the skin, which lead to the formation of actinic keratoses and invasive squamous or basal cell carcinomas. Conclusions This introduction describes the need for primary prevention and offers an overview of treatment options that are discussed in later chapters of the guidelines.

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