Interventions to Increase Sunscreen Use in Adults: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110465
Author(s):  
Nicholas Allen ◽  
Diona L. Damian
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sunscreen Use ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Daily Application ◽  
Common Malignancy

Skin cancers are the most common malignancy in Australia. Regular sunscreen use can reduce the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and actinic keratoses and has been associated with reducing the incidence of basal cell carcinomas and melanomas. However, sunscreen effectiveness is limited by the failure of the population to use it routinely. Interventions that promote the daily application of sunscreen may reduce the morbidity, mortality, and economic burden associated with skin malignancies. We reviewed the literature that examines the effectiveness of interventions to increase routine sunscreen use and found that no one strategy has been shown to be clearly effective in adults and that relatively few studies have aimed to increase routine use in groups at extreme skin cancer risk. Future research should consider how interventions can be best designed and how sunscreen use is measured so that cost-effective, feasible strategies that result in improved sunscreen use in adults can be established.

Skin cancer: non-melanoma

2016 ◽  
pp. 690-698
Author(s):  
Diona L. Damian ◽  
Richard A. Scolyer ◽  
Graham Stevens ◽  
Alexander M. Menzies ◽  
John F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Common Malignancy

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy in fair-skinned populations. In Australia, NMSC is four times as common as all other cancers combined with an incidence of ~1000 per 100 000 person-years. The vast majority of NMSC are basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), which rarely metastasize, or squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which do have metastatic potential, especially in immune-suppressed individuals. Because of their high frequency in the general population, and particularly in older people, NMSCs are likely to occur in many general oncology patients. Skin cancer risk can be additionally increased in oncology patients as a result of disease-induced immune suppression (e.g., non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) or by a range of cancer treatments including iatrogenic immune suppression, radiation therapy, arsenic, and BRAF inhibitors. Interestingly, chronic stress suppresses skin immune responses and increases susceptibility to UV-induced SCC in murine models.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas in a Department of Dermatology: a 5 year review

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Andrade ◽  
Maria Manuel Brites ◽  
Ricardo Vieira ◽  
Angelina Mariano ◽  
José Pedro Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Exposed Skin ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Malignant Skin ◽  
Melanoma Skin

BACKGROUND: Non-melanoma skin cancer, a common designation for both basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, is the most frequent malignant skin neoplasm. OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologic characterization of the population with Non-melanoma skin cancer. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with Non-melanoma skin cancer based on histopathologic analysis of all incisional or excisional skin biopsies performed between 2004 and 2008 in a Department of Dermatology. RESULTS: A total of 3075 Non-melanoma skin cancers were identified, representing 88% of all malignant skin neoplasms (n=3493) diagnosed in the same period. Of those, 68,3% were basal cell carcinomas. Most Non-melanoma skin cancer patients were female and over 60 years old. Of all Non-melanoma skin cancer, 81,7% (n=1443) were located in sun-exposed skin, and represented 95,1% of malignant skin neoplasms in sun-exposed skin. Non-melanoma skin cancer was the most frequent malignant skin neoplasm in most topographic locations, except for abdomen and pelvis - over 95% of all malignant skin neoplasms in the face, neck and scalp were Non-melanoma skin cancer. Basal cell carcinomas were clearly predominant in all locations, except in upper and lower limbs, lower lip and genitals, where squamous cell carcinomas represented respectively 77,7%, 77,4%, 94,7% and 95,3% of the Non-melanoma skin cancers. CONCLUSION: Being the most common skin cancer, Non-melanoma skin cancer should be under constant surveillance, in order to monitor its epidemiologic dynamics, the efficiency of preventive measures and the adaptation of the healthcare resources.

scholarly journals Regular Sunscreen Use Is a Cost-Effective Approach to Skin Cancer Prevention in Subtropical Settings

2009 ◽  
Vol 129 (12) ◽  
pp. 2766-2771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa G. Gordon ◽  
Paul A. Scuffham ◽  
Jolieke C. van der Pols ◽  
Penelope McBride ◽  
Gail M. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Skin Cancer Prevention ◽  
Sunscreen Use ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

scholarly journals Margin Status in Shave Biopsies of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: Is It Worth Reporting?

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 678-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M. Schnebelen ◽  
Jerad M. Gardner ◽  
Sara C. Shalin
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Positive Margin ◽  
Margin Status ◽  
Positive Margins ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

Context.—The practice of reporting margin status in biopsies is relatively unique to biopsies of the skin and highly variable among pathologists. Objective.—To address the accuracy of margin evaluation in shave biopsies of nonmelanoma skin cancers. Design.—We collected shave biopsies of squamous and basal cell carcinomas that appeared to have uninvolved margins on routine sign out. We obtained deeper levels on corresponding tissue blocks until blocks were exhausted and examined them for tumor at biopsy margins. Results.—Forty-seven consecutive cases were collected, including 20 squamous cell (43%) and 27 basal cell (57%) carcinomas. Eleven of 47 cases (23%) with negative margins at initial diagnosis demonstrated positive margins upon deeper-level examination. Margins of 8 of 27 basal cell carcinomas (30%) and 3 of 20 squamous cell carcinomas (15%) were erroneously classified as “negative” on routine examination. Conclusions.—No guidelines exist regarding the reporting of margins in nonmelanoma skin cancer biopsies, and reporting practices vary extensively among pathologists. We found that nearly one-quarter of positive margins in shave biopsies for cutaneous carcinomas are missed on standard histologic examination. Moreover, reporting of a positive margin may also be misleading if the clinician has definitively treated the skin cancer at the time of biopsy. For these reasons, and as routine exhaustion of all tissue blocks is impractical, the decision to include or exclude a comment regarding the margin status should be given conscious consideration, accounting for the clinical intent of the biopsy and any known information regarding postbiopsy treatment.

Increased incidence of non-melanomatous skin cancer in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, an 11-year case-control study

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19554-19554
Author(s):  
M. W. Schoen ◽  
P. S. Gable ◽  
A. M. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Malignant Lesions

19554 Background: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a disease of B lymphocytes that affects immune tolerance and surveillance. Patients with CLL have an increased risk of basal and squamous cell skin carcinomas, which tend to be aggressive. We report the incidence of non-melanomatous (NM) in a >80% Caucasian cohort of patients with CLL and compared them to normal controls who reside in Southern California. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all patients in the Naval Medical Center San Diego tumor registry with CLL diagnosed between Jan 1, 1995 and Dec 31, 2005. The electronic records of 74 CLL patients and 100 control patients from the internal medicine clinic were assessed for skin biopsies performed at our institution revealing NM skin malignancies. Results: Within our CLL population, the average age at diagnosis was 72.2 years. 34% (25/74) had NM skin cancer with an incidence of 11,457 NM skin cancers per 100,000 person-years. The average number of malignant lesions was 3.7 per patient with one patient receiving 17 biopsies. 27% (7/25) of CLL patients with NM skin cancer had only squamous cell carcinoma and 23% (6/25) had only basal cell carcinoma. 42% (11/25) of patients had both squamous and basal cell cancers and one had a Merkel cell carcinoma. In the control population, the average age at diagnosis was 76.4 years. 16% (16/100) had NM skin malignancies with an incidence of 5,333 NM skin cancers per 100,000 person-years. The average number of malignant lesions was 3.7 per patient with one patient receiving 28 biopsies. 63% (10/16) had basal cell carcinomas, only 25% (4/16) had squamous cell carcinomas and 13% (2/16) had both types of cancer. Conclusions: Patients with CLL are at increased risk of developing NM skin cancers, especially squamous cell carcinomas. Patients with CLL have a 2.1 times higher risk of developing NM skin cancer than our control population, who had an incredibly high rate of skin cancer compared to prior publications. CLL patients should be closely screened for cutaneous malignancies in order to excise them before they cause further morbidity. Increased surveillance is especially prudent for elderly patients with fair skin types who have been exposed to a large amount of UV-light. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Skin cancer: non-melanoma

2016 ◽  
pp. 690-698
Author(s):  
Diona L. Damian ◽  
Richard A. Scolyer ◽  
Graham Stevens ◽  
Alexander Guminski ◽  
John F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Mek Inhibitor ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Common Malignancy

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy in fair-skinned populations. In Australia, NMSC is four times as common as all other cancers combined, with an incidence of ~1000 per 100 000 person-years. The incidence of NMSC has been gradually rising among Caucasian/white populations over the last few decades. The vast majority of NMSCs are basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), which rarely metastasize, or squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), which do have metastatic potential, especially in immune-suppressed individuals. Because of their high frequency in the general population, and particularly in older people, NMSCs are likely to occur in many general oncology patients. Skin cancer risk can be additionally increased in oncology patients as a result of disease-induced immune suppression (e.g., non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) or by a range of cancer treatments including iatrogenic immune suppression, radiation therapy arsenic, and BRAF inhibitors (if not given with a MEK inhibitor). In this chapter the aetiology, pathology, prognosis, and management of NMSCs are discussed.

Depression in women with metastatic breast cancer: A review of the literature

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Caplette-Gingras ◽  
Josée Savard
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this article is to review the available literature on depression in women with metastatic breast cancer in terms of prevalence, potential risk factors, and consequences, as well as pharmacological and psychological interventions.Method:An extensive review of the literature was conducted.Results:The prevalence of depression appears to be especially elevated in patients with advanced cancer. Many demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors may increase the risk that women will develop depressive symptoms during the course of their illness. Despite the fact that depression appears to be associated with numerous negative consequences, this disorder remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy have been found to treat effectively depressive symptoms in this population, but cognitive-behavioral therapy appears to be the most cost-effective approach.Significance of results:Areas for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: A report of two cases and a review of the literature

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Claire Quigley ◽  
Siona Ni Raghallaigh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Metastases ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
The World ◽  
Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are among the most common non-melanoma skin cancers in the world. However, given their slowly progressive nature, metastatic BCCs are a relatively uncommon entity. Below, we discuss two separate cases of metastatic BCC that we encountered in our clinical practice. The first is the case of a 57-year-old male with a right cheek BCC and bilateral pulmonary metastases. The second is the case of a 71-year-old male who also presented with a right BCC and pulmonary metastases. We discuss their altered clinical courses. We also conducted a review of the literature focusing on the use of the relatively novel hedgehog inhibitors as a treatment option for individuals diagnosed with metastatic BCC.

scholarly journals Awareness to sun exposure and use of sunscreen by the general population

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Al Robaee
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Sunscreen Use ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Sun exposure has a pathogenic effect on the development of skin cancer, whose prevalence increases worldwide. Educational programs are carried out to change high risk sun exposure behaviours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of Saudi population regarding sun exposure and the risk of skin cancers, as well as to study their sun-protective attitudes and practices. A cross-sectional population-based survey using specially devised questionnaire on a stratified random sample of general population in Qassim Province between January and March 2010. One thousand three hundred and seventy six persons participated in the study. A high sun exposure of more than 10 hours per week was reported by 661 persons (48%). Fifty six percent of respondents were aware of the association between sun exposure and skin cancer but the rate of sun screen use was only 8.3%. Socio-demographic factors more likely to be associated with sunscreen use were: females, higher social class, higher levels of education, type 4 skin and married individuals. This study has indicated a low rate of sunscreen use by our population despite reasonably good knowledge about the hazards of sun exposure. This necessitates the need for health education program. We hope that the results of our study will be used for setting up a sun policy for Saudi general public.

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