Restorative dentistry 4: endodontics

2014 ◽  
pp. 325-350
Author(s):  
David A. Mitchell ◽  
Laura Mitchell ◽  
Lorna McCaul
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Restorative Dentistry ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Obturation ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Pulp Vitality

Contents. Preserving pulp vitality. The root canal system. Root canal treatment—rationale. Root canal treatment—instruments. Root canal treatment—materials. Root canal preparation—1. Root canal preparation—2. Common errors in canal preparation. Root canal obturation. Some endodontic problems and their management. Restoration of the root-treated tooth. Treatment outcomes.

Restorative dentistry 4: endodontics

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-359
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Restorative Dentistry ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Periapical Abscess ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Canal Shaping ◽  
Concise Guide

Endodontics is the study of the prevention and management of problems affecting the dentine, pulp, and periapical tissues. This chapter is a concise guide to the rationale behind root canal treatment, the instruments and materials available, and the modern techniques used. The chapter considers the anatomy of the root canal system including the average working lengths of pulp canals, the prevalence of lateral and accessory canals, and the location of the apical foramina. Alongside discussion of the indications and contraindications for root canal treatment, the aims and objectives of canal shaping, cleaning, and obturation are outlined. Detailed, step-by-step guidance is given for the root canal treatment procedure and common errors in canal preparation are highlighted. Management options are presented for some endodontic problems such as an acute periapical abscess and long-term possibilities for a definitive restoration are offered.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices Assessment of Decontamination during Root Canal Treatment in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Necdet Adanir ◽  
Hassan Alkhalaf ◽  
Maram H. Alanazi ◽  
Asma S. Alghamdi ◽  
Abdullah A. Aljami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rubber Dam ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Partial Isolation

Introduction: Bacteria play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular pathoses. For example: Apical periodontitis is an inflammation of dental periapical tissues developed as a response to colonization of microorganisms in root canal system. The elimination of microbial species from the infected root canal system necessitates a strict aseptic condition for Instrumentation, disinfection and inter appointment medication. Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans had been commonly associated organisms in treatment-resistant infections. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study based on web-survey questionnaires developed by the authors with high confidence. The sample size was 304 estimated using the Qualtrics calculator with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. The questionnaire is divided into sections, regarding endodontic practice include endodontic education , years of experience , used of rubber dam or no and how to used irrigant solution whoever Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Chlorhexidine, chelating agents (EDTA) or (MTAD) and reasons of every irrigant that prevents during root canal treatment. Data were collected using Google forms and prepared for analysis using Microsoft Excel. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Results: A total of 304 participants responded, 44.1% dental interns, 39.5% General Dentist, 9.9% Endodontist, 6.3% other dental specialty. the Probable reasons that prevent them using rubber dam during root canal treatment are: 5.9% due to difficulty to apply, 9.2% due to lack of materials, 5.3% because it is a time-consuming, 1.6% said that other isolation methods are enough (partial isolation), 3.9% because of multiple reason combined together. 48.7% they always use rubber dam, so they did not choose any of the previous reasons. Conclusion: In conclusion, we identify and understand, most of the participants “always using rubber dam” during root canal treatment and the most common reasons was time consumption that prevented dentist from using rubber. In this study majority of participants preferred NaOCl 81.9% and 7.1% don’t use it.

scholarly journals FREQUENT PROCEDURAL ERRORS AND STRUCTURAL COMPLICATIONS ON ENDODONTICAL TREATED TEETH

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Sanziana Adina Scarlatescu ◽  
◽  
Irina Gheorghiu ◽  
George Nicola ◽  
Andrei O. Al Aloul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Root Canal System

The objectives of root canal treatment are to prevent the apical parodontitis, to heal the acute or cronic apical periodontits and to maintain the results, keeping the teeth on the arch in a functional stage. Thus, accuratelly elimination of soft and hard tissues (cleaning and shaping of the root canal system), disinfection and complete, homogeneous and tridimensional filling of the root canal system are very important to successful endodontic treatment. Modern concepts in endodontic treatment rely on technological progress and therefore many cases are successfully fulfilled, but the practitioner may be put in front of procedural erorrs both during and after endodontic treatment. Apical blockage, ledging, zipping, stripping, perforations in the floor of the pulp canal chamber or root canals perforations are the most common errors, but in many clinical situations they can be prevented and even surpassed once happened.

scholarly journals Association of type of file fracture and method of removal in a university setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1761-1765
Author(s):  
Preethi Mariona ◽  
Delphine Priscilla Antony S ◽  
Sreedevi Dharman
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Fracture Incidence ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
University Setting

Some mishaps tend to occur during treatment in the root canal system, for example, file fractures. The challenge of the removal depends on the type of file fractured and the method which is used to remove it, generally it is decided based on the level of the fracture. Any file can fracture inside the root canal which is based on the curvature, anatomy. Specific techniques and measures have been employed to remove this file from the root canal system. The aim of the study is to find the association of file fracture with the method of removal. The details of all patients who underwent a root canal treatment where noted and the details of 16 patients with file fractures during the procedure were shortlisted. The type of file fractures was analyzed, such as K files, rotary files, H files, other instruments. The method of removal was usually ultrasonic, mechanical, manual or combination of any of the above. Excel tabulation was done and imported to SPSS for results. Chi-square test performed. The most common and used file to fracture in the root canal system was rotary files which had a fracture incidence of 31% and most common method used to retrieve was using ultrasonic of an incidence of 37.5. Chi-square test shows p>0.05, which is statistically not significant. The study concludes that rotary files fracture the most and the method used to retrieve them was mechanical, but as a whole, the most common method used was ultrasonic.

Significance of the Coronal Pulp Chamber Floor Anatomy in the Human Dentition: A Narrative Review

Dental Update ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Ajinkya M Pawar ◽  
Shishir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Pulp Chamber ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Treatment Knowledge ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Chamber Floor

In root canal treatment, the foundation on which all surgical procedures are performed is a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the pulp chamber and the root canal system. The endodontic triad comprises biomechanical preparation, microbial control and complete obturation of the root canal space. Knowledge of the pulp chamber floor anatomy is important in locating the numbers and orifices of root canals present within the tooth being root canal treated. This is particularly important while treating teeth that are heavily restored, mal-positioned, or calcified. The current review attempts to explain the complex anatomy of the pulp chamber floor and its significance in root canal treatment. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To allow the location of all root canal orifices in the pulp chamber and to perform successful root canal treatment, knowledge of pulp chamber floor anatomy is essential. The clinician should consider that, as the external morphology of the tooth varies in individuals, so does the internal morphology.

CROWN DOWN PREPARATION TECHNIQUE WITH LARGE TAPER ENDODONTIC HAND INSTRUMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Asri Riany Putri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Periapical Lesions ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Conventional Stainless Steel

Introduction: Root canal preparation is an important step in root canal treatment. The use of stainless steel K-Files is time-consuming and causes fatigue to patients and operators. The large taper endodontic hand instrument can be used as an option for another preparation instrument. The purpose of this article is to determine the advantages of using large taper endodontic hand instruments as a preparation instrument compared to conventional stainless steel K-Files. Case: The 24-year-old male patient presented with pain in his lower left tooth even though it was not used. Examination of teeth 35, percussion and press (+), palpation (-), CE (-), exploration of root canals with smooth broach (+). There was a radiolucent image in the distal crown that had reached the pulp chamber, radiolucency with a blurred border of 2 mm in diameter at the periapical area, and the dilation of the periodontal ligaments along with the roots. Tooth 35 diagnosis was partial pulp necrosis with periapical lesions. Case Management: Root canal treatment of teeth 35 using hand-used ProTaper with the crown down technique up to F4 WL = 21 mm. Obturation with single cone technique with Endomethasone as a sealer. Discussion: The large taper instrument is very flexible and easily enters narrow and bent root canals, thus it can shorten the working time, reduce the risk of fatigue for patients and operators, improves the cleaning of the root canal system, and consistent root canal formation. The crown down technique used can reduce the risk of preparation errors, prevent debris extrusion and improve obturation quality. Conclusion: Root canal preparation using a large taper endodontic hand instrument can shorten the working time and reduce the risk of fatigue for patients and operators compared to preparations using conventional stainless steel K-File.

scholarly journals ROOT CANAL RE-TREATMENT OF MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR WITH FOUR CANALS USING HYFLEX EDM: A CASE REPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Anil K Tomer ◽  
Dr. Akankshita Behera ◽  
Dr. Mehak Dogra ◽  
Dr. Anila Krishna Saxena ◽  
Dr. Nitish Mittal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Second Mesiobuccal Canal

The root canal system presents a complex anatomy. It is a myriad complex of canals and their various portals of exits. The maxillary first molar is an important tooth in the arch and is of prime functional importance. In maximum cases, the maxillary first molar shows presence of three canals viz. mesiobuccal, distobuccal and palatal canal. At times, there may be presence of four or five canals. These extra canals may be present as a second mesiobuccal canal, a second distobuccal canal or an extra canal in the palatal root. These canals are often missed by the clinician. Their identification has benefitted from technological innovations like microscopes and ultrasonics that have enabled easy identification of the orifices of these canals. This case report presents a case of root canal treatment of maxillary first molar with four canals.

scholarly journals Root canal preparation techniques using nickel-titanium rotary instruments

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Tatjana Brkanic ◽  
Slavoljub Zivkovic ◽  
Milan Drobac
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Introduction The main purpose of endodontic treatment is to clean the root canal system, eliminate the infected and toxic contents, and shape it in order to get a tridimensional obturation. The aim of this paper is to inform dental practitioners about crown-down techniques for root canal preparation using nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Root canal preparation Today most endodontists believe that root canal preparation is more officious, cleaning and shaping are better, if pre-enlargement of coronal two thirds is performed first, and shaping of the apical part later. Machine driven rotary instruments provide much quicker and better root canal preparation. Conclusion Contemporary endodontic rotary files vary in regard to their taper, cutting blades, guiding tip and material they are made of. The usage of rotary nickel-titanium files adds a new quality to root canal preparation.

scholarly journals Management of Mandibular Lateral Incisor with Two Roots: a Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardeep Mahajan ◽  
Ruma Grover ◽  
Shikha Baghi Bhandari ◽  
Prashant Monga ◽  
Vanita Keshav
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Lateral Incisor ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal System

Successful outcome of endodontic treatment depends on the identification of all root canals which in turn guarantee complete extirpation of pulp tissue, proper chemo-mechanical cleaning and shaping and three dimensional obturation of the root canal system with an inert filling material. However endodontic treatment can fail for many reasons, such as diagnostic errors, persistence of the infection in the root canal system, errors in debridement and shaping of the root canal systems, instrument fractures, poor restorations and extra roots or canals if not detected are the reasons for failure. Undetected extra roots or root canals have been considered as a major reason for failure of root canal treatment. Many of the challenges faced during root canal treatment may be directly attributed to an inadequate understanding of the canal morphology of teeth. A broad knowledge of both the external and internal anatomy of teeth is of great importance for adequate endodontic treatment. We present a case report of 2 roots in mandibular lateral incisor.

Disinfection of the root canal system: what should the protocol be?

Dental Update ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 836-844
Author(s):  
Stephen J Bonsor
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Clinical Protocol ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Root Canal Therapy ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Root Canal System ◽  
Micro Organisms

The presence of micro-organisms within the root canal system is the critical aetiological factor in peri-radicular periodontitis. During root canal treatment (RCT) it is imperative that this infection and other organic debris are removed from the root canal system. This is challenging because complex tooth anatomy, the presence of a biofilm and the smear layer complicate the process. There are a number of irrigant chemicals and adjunctive systems available in contemporary endodontic practice that are used to disinfect the root canal system during root canal preparation. This article reviews the available evidence concerning these disinfection methods and concludes by presenting a clinical protocol supported by the literature. CPD/Clinical Relevance: A clinical protocol, supported by the literature, is presented for effective decontamination of the root canal system during root canal therapy.

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