Oral medicine

2014 ◽  
pp. 407-461
Author(s):  
David A. Mitchell ◽  
Laura Mitchell ◽  
Lorna McCaul
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Salivary Gland Disease

Contents. Bacterial infections of the mouth. Viral infections of the mouth. Oral candidosis (candidiasis). Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ulcers). Vesiculo-bullous lesions—intraepithelial. Vesiculo-bullous lesions—subepithelial. White patches. Pigmented lesions of the mouth. Premalignant lesions. Oral cancer. Abnormalities of the lips and tongue. Salivary gland disease—1. Salivary gland disease—2. Drug-induced lesions of the mouth. Facial pain. Oral manifestations of skin disease. Oral manifestations of gastrointestinal disease. Oral manifestations of haematological disease. Oral manifestations of endocrine disease. Oral manifestations of neurological disease. Oral manifestations of HIV infection and AIDS. Cervico-facial lymphadenopathy. An approach to oral ulcers. Temporomandibular pain—dysfunction/facial arthromyalgia.

Sialadenitis and Sialadenosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-157
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Kimura’S Disease ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Chronic Sclerosing Sialadenitis ◽  
Underlying Disorder

In this chapter, the etiology and management of salivary gland inflammation (sialadenitis) and sialadenosis (sioalosis) are discussed. Causes of inflammatory disorders of the parotid gland include viral infections; bacterial infections; recurrent parotitis of childhood; papillary obstructive parotitis; granulomatous sialadenitis; autoimmune sialadenitis including Mickulicz disease, Sjogren's syndrome; and other autoimmune sialadenitis such as Wegener's granulomatosis, Kimura's disease, and chronic sclerosing sialadenitis. Sialadenosis is a chronic, diffuse, non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic disorder causing diffuse enlargement of salivary glands, usually the parotid glands. Grossly, there is only diffuse enlargement of the affected gland, and histologically, the condition is characterized by acinar hypertrophy and fatty infiltration. Patients present with painless, soft, and diffuse enlargement of both parotid glands. Treatment in the form of controlling the underlying disorder or withdrawing the incriminated drug helps sialosis to resolve.

scholarly journals Viruses and Salivary Gland Disease (SGD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jeffers ◽  
J.Y. Webster-Cyriaque
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Salivary Gland Disease ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Salivary Cell

Viral infections are often associated with salivary gland pathology. Here we review the pathogenesis of HIV-associated salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD), a hallmark of diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. We investigate the presence and contributions of viral diseases to the pathogenesis of salivary gland diseases, particularly HIV-SGD. We have detected BK viral shedding in the saliva of HIV-SGD patients consistent with viral infection and replication, suggesting a role for oral transmission. For further investigation of BKV pathogenesis in salivary glands, an in vitro model of BKV infection is described. Submandibular (HSG) and parotid (HSY) gland salivary cell lines were capable of permissive BKV infection, as determined by BKV gene expression and replication. Analysis of these data collectively suggests the potential for a BKV oral route of transmission and salivary gland pathogenesis within HIV-SGD.

scholarly journals Novel DOCK8 Mutation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Alison Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
Oral Ulcers

Background: Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency with sporadic, autosomal dominant (STAT3 mutation) and autosomal recessive (DOCK8 and TYK2 mutations) inheritance patterns. HIES secondary to DOCK8 mutation is characterized by extensive cutaneous viral and staphylococcal infections, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, severe allergic diseases, increased susceptibility to malignancy with lymphopenia, eosinophilia, and elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE). Methods: This case report highlights the clinical presentation and immune investigations of a male patient with a novel DOCK8 mutation. Results: Our patient presented with cutaneous viral infections including severe molluscum contagiosum and herpes simplex virus plus skin abscesses and acute otitis media. In addition to infections, he developed intermittent diarrhea, eczematous lesions, abnormal fingernails, oral ulcers, and Bell's palsy. Immune evaluation revealed lymphopenia, in particular low CD8 cells, low mitogen stimulation response, and poor specific antibody production requiring immunoglobulin replacement. Genetic sequencing confirmed a novel mutation in DOCK8. Conclusion: Patients with significant cutaneous viral and bacterial infections, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, severe allergic diseases, and lymphopenia with associated elevated IgE should be investigated for DOCK8 mutation. This case report highlights a novel mutation in the DOCK8 exon 45 aa1970, c.5908 G>C change alanine to proline homozygous change A1970 to P1970 Statement of novelty: This case reports on a novel mutation in DOCK8

scholarly journals Oral cavity manifestations by COVID-19 infections: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Swain ◽  
Priyanka Debta ◽  
Ansuman Sahu ◽  
Smarita Lenka
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Oral Ulcers

<p class="abstract">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a threat to the global health caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The lungs are the primary site of infection in COVID-19 patient and the symptoms ranges from mild flu like manifestations to fulminant pneumonia and respiratory failure. COVID-19 infection also significantly affects the oral cavity and salivary glands with oral mucosal manifestations. Other than airway manifestations, COVID-19 patients are presenting with oral cavity lesions such as aphthous like ulcers, glossitis, oral mucositis or stomatitis, oral candidiasis and herpetic recurrences. These oral lesions are often associated with immunocompromised patients and elderly age. Direct involvement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for development of oral ulcers remains uncertain. The salivary gland related symptoms and taste disturbances are highly common in COVID-19 patients. In COVID-19 patient, certain presentations like ulcers or blisters or diffuse reddish lesions affect both keratinized and non-keratinized tissues of the oral cavity. These lesions are found in palate, lip mucosa, buccal mucosa and tongue. The ulceration and blisters of the oral cavity are more often seen. There is still a gap of knowledge related to the oral manifestations of the COVID-19 infections and its impact on the oral cavity. This review article discussed the details of the oral cavity lesions in COVID-19 patients.</p>

scholarly journals Salivary gland disease associated to human immunodeficiency virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Daniele Manhães Caldas ◽  
Arley Silva Jr ◽  
Sandra R. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Recent Edition ◽  
Salivary Gland Disease

The article by Lima et al.1 published in a recent edition provides relevant information about the prevalence of oral manifestations in children infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Sonoelastographic modalities in the evaluation of salivary gland disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Hofauer ◽  
N Mansour ◽  
M Bas ◽  
K Stock ◽  
A Knopf
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Disease

Ultrasonography in salivary gland disease

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Y Kang ◽  
S J Cha ◽  
S H Cha ◽  
H Y Seol ◽  
K B Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Disease

scholarly journals A multicenter evaluation of viral bloodstream detections in children presenting to the Emergency Department with suspected systemic infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Rostad ◽  
Neena Kanwar ◽  
Jumi Yi ◽  
Claudia R. Morris ◽  
Jennifer Dien Bard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Systemic Infections

Abstract Background Fever is a common symptom in children presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to describe the epidemiology of systemic viral infections and their predictive values for excluding serious bacterial infections (SBIs), including bacteremia, meningitis and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children presenting to the ED with suspected systemic infections. Methods We enrolled children who presented to the ED with suspected systemic infections who had blood cultures obtained at seven healthcare facilities. Whole blood specimens were analyzed by an experimental multiplexed PCR test for 7 viruses. Demographic and laboratory results were abstracted. Results Of the 1114 subjects enrolled, 245 viruses were detected in 224 (20.1%) subjects. Bacteremia, meningitis and UTI frequency in viral bloodstream-positive patients was 1.3, 0 and 10.1% compared to 2.9, 1.3 and 9.7% in viral bloodstream-negative patients respectively. Although viral bloodstream detections had a high negative predictive value for bacteremia or meningitis (NPV = 98.7%), the frequency of UTIs among these subjects remained appreciable (9/89, 10.1%) (NPV = 89.9%). Screening urinalyses were positive for leukocyte esterase in 8/9 (88.9%) of these subjects, improving the ability to distinguish UTI. Conclusions Viral bloodstream detections were common in children presenting to the ED with suspected systemic infections. Although overall frequencies of SBIs among subjects with and without viral bloodstream detections did not differ significantly, combining whole blood viral testing with urinalysis provided high NPV for excluding SBI.

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