scholarly journals Viruses and Salivary Gland Disease (SGD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jeffers ◽  
J.Y. Webster-Cyriaque
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Salivary Gland Disease ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Salivary Cell

Viral infections are often associated with salivary gland pathology. Here we review the pathogenesis of HIV-associated salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD), a hallmark of diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. We investigate the presence and contributions of viral diseases to the pathogenesis of salivary gland diseases, particularly HIV-SGD. We have detected BK viral shedding in the saliva of HIV-SGD patients consistent with viral infection and replication, suggesting a role for oral transmission. For further investigation of BKV pathogenesis in salivary glands, an in vitro model of BKV infection is described. Submandibular (HSG) and parotid (HSY) gland salivary cell lines were capable of permissive BKV infection, as determined by BKV gene expression and replication. Analysis of these data collectively suggests the potential for a BKV oral route of transmission and salivary gland pathogenesis within HIV-SGD.

An in vitro model for genetic changes associated with the adenomacarcinoma sequence in salivary gland tumors

1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Bernd Kazmierczak ◽  
Brita Thode ◽  
Sabine Bartnitzke ◽  
Jörn Bullerdiek ◽  
Werner Schloot
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumors ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals LEUKOCYTES AND INTERFERON IN THE HOST RESPONSE TO VIRAL INFECTIONS

1965 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell A. Glasgow
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Vaccinia Virus Infection ◽  
Primary Mouse ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Spread Of Infection

1. Investigation of the role of leukocytes in vaccinia virus infection is reported in an in vitro model, in the absence of an immune response. 2. Mouse leukocytes were shown to be capable of inhibiting the progression of vaccinia virus infection in primary mouse embryo fibroblast cultures. The degree of protection varied from slowing of spread of infection to complete control of the infection with eventual elimination of detectable virus and recovery of the culture. 3. Interferon production by leukocytes is thought to be an important factor in the observed protective effect.

Blastocystis in water - Need for screening?

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Suresh ◽  
TC Tan ◽  
F. illi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Route Of Transmission

Infectious diseases caused by parasites continue to cause disease burdens which influence the quality of life, retards economic progress and dampens overall development especially in developing countries. The emerging group of protozoan parasites namely Blastocystis, Cryptosporidium, Isospora and Cyclospora causes generally diarrhea, bloating stomach, abdominal cramps and other gastrointestinal disturbances. Prevalence of these parasites varies from community to community and from country to country but they possess the same fecal-oral route of transmission. Contaminated water and food are the main causes of transmission with sporadic reports providing evidence for zoonotic transmission. High risk groups are the HIV-infected population, children and pet lovers. The presentation highlights the biology, prevalence, transmission, diagnosis and treatment on Blastocystis which is one of the most enigmatic protozoan. Blastocystis infection occurs worldwide but generally developing countries have higher prevalence of B. hominis (approximately 30 to 50%) than developed countries (approximately 1.5 to 10%). The parasite has been incriminated to be waterborne and our findings of cysts in the lakes and rivers screened around Klang Valley, Malaysia provides further evidence of the potential of the organism to be transmitted to humans. Moreover, river isolates of Blastocystis were found to be either subtype 1, 3 or 5 which could be of human origin and may potentially result in transmission. Detection of Blastocystis cysts has been challenging using light microscopy. The presentation will highlight the technical challenges involved in enumerating the cyst collected from water sources, the density gradient centrifugation used with both Ficoll-paque and Lymphoprep and the usage of DAPI staining and in vitro culture for detecting the parasite. Results using 0.5 L water samples from rivers showed that 28% and 72% of samples were positive for Blastocystis using in vitro culture and DAPI staining respectively. Standardization protocols involving large amount of water to be screened, the processes and steps involved especially in the centrifugation, the influence of timing of collection as well as the frequency of collection etc will be discussed.

scholarly journals LATENT VIRAL INFECTION OF CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

1956 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert R. Morgan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Model System ◽  
Latent Viral Infection ◽  
Active Multiplication ◽  
Cell Nutrition ◽  
In Vitro Model System ◽  
Vitro Model

Chick embryo tissues maintained for from 11 to 28 days in Hank's balanced salt solution lost their capacity to support the multiplication of psittacosis virus. The virus however infected such cells, as active multiplication of the virus occurred on the addition of beef embryo extract to this nutritionally poor medium at any period up to 28 days of cultivation in balanced salt solution. The virus remained in a state of latency for as long as 15 days in these starved cells in a non-infectious phase. These results obtained in this in vitro model system for the investigation of latent infections of cells with psittacosis virus suggest that cell nutrition as well as an alteration in the immunological defenses of the host may prove to be an important factor in the activation of latent viral infections.

scholarly journals Human Brain Organoids as an In Vitro Model System of Viral Infectious Diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Su ◽  
Peng Yue ◽  
Jing Kong ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Relationship

Brain organoids, or brainoids, have shown great promise in the study of central nervous system (CNS) infection. Modeling Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in brain organoids may help elucidate the relationship between ZIKV infection and microcephaly. Brain organoids have been used to study the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HSV-1, and other viral infections of the CNS. In this review, we summarize the advances in the development of viral infection models in brain organoids and their potential application for exploring mechanisms of viral infections of the CNS and in new drug development. The existing limitations are further discussed and the prospects for the development and application of brain organs are prospected.

Oral medicine

2014 ◽  
pp. 407-461
Author(s):  
David A. Mitchell ◽  
Laura Mitchell ◽  
Lorna McCaul
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Salivary Gland Disease

Contents. Bacterial infections of the mouth. Viral infections of the mouth. Oral candidosis (candidiasis). Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ulcers). Vesiculo-bullous lesions—intraepithelial. Vesiculo-bullous lesions—subepithelial. White patches. Pigmented lesions of the mouth. Premalignant lesions. Oral cancer. Abnormalities of the lips and tongue. Salivary gland disease—1. Salivary gland disease—2. Drug-induced lesions of the mouth. Facial pain. Oral manifestations of skin disease. Oral manifestations of gastrointestinal disease. Oral manifestations of haematological disease. Oral manifestations of endocrine disease. Oral manifestations of neurological disease. Oral manifestations of HIV infection and AIDS. Cervico-facial lymphadenopathy. An approach to oral ulcers. Temporomandibular pain—dysfunction/facial arthromyalgia.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress resulting from exposure of a human salivary gland cells to paraoxon: An in vitro model for organophosphate oral exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Prins ◽  
Chih-Kai Chao ◽  
Saskia M. Jacobson ◽  
Charles M. Thompson ◽  
Kathleen M. George
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Human Salivary Gland ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland Cells ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals COPD Is Associated with Elevated IFN-β Production by Bronchial Epithelial Cells Infected with RSV or hMPV

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Natasha Collinson ◽  
Natale Snape ◽  
Kenneth Beagley ◽  
Emmanuelle Fantino ◽  
Kirsten Spann
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intrinsic Defect ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Viral Shedding

IFN treatment may be a viable option for treating COPD exacerbations based on evidence of IFN deficiency in COPD. However, in vitro studies have used primarily influenza and rhinoviruses to investigate IFN responses. This study aims to investigate the susceptibility to infection and IFN response of primary bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from COPD donors to infection with RSV and hMPV. BECs from five COPD and five healthy donors were used to establish both submerged monolayer and well-differentiated (WD) cultures. Two isolates of both RSV and hMPV were used to infect cells. COPD was not associated with elevated susceptibility to infection and there was no evidence of an intrinsic defect in IFN production in either cell model to either virus. Conversely, COPD was associated with significantly elevated IFN-β production in response to both viruses in both cell models. Only in WD-BECs infected with RSV was elevated IFN-β associated with reduced viral shedding. The role of elevated epithelial cell IFN-β production in the pathogenesis of COPD is not clear and warrants further investigation. Viruses vary in the responses that they induce in BECs, and so conclusions regarding antiviral responses associated with disease cannot be made based on single viral infections.

scholarly journals Aquaporin 1, 3, and 5 Patterns in Salivary Gland Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: Expression in Surgical Specimens and an In Vitro Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mérin Barbara Stamboni ◽  
Ágatha Nagli de Mello Gomes ◽  
Milena Monteiro de Souza ◽  
Katia Klug Oliveira ◽  
Claudia Fabiana Joca Arruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Aqp1 Expression ◽  
Salivary Gland Malignancy ◽  
Vitro Model

Salivary gland aquaporins (AQPs) are essential for the control of saliva production and maintenance of glandular structure. However, little is known of their role in salivary gland neoplasia. Salivary gland tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions, featuring variable histological characteristics and diverse clinical behaviors. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland malignancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5 in 24 MEC samples by immunohistochemistry. AQP1 expression was observed in vascular endothelium throughout the tumor stroma. AQP3 was expressed in epidermoid and mucosal cells and AQP5 was expressed in mucosal cells of MEC. These proteins were expressed in the human MEC cell line UH-HMC-3A. Cellular ultrastructural aspects were analyzed by electron microscopy to certificate the tumor cell phenotype. In summary, our results show that, despite the fact that these molecules are important for salivary gland physiology, they may not play a distinct role in tumorigenesis in MEC. Additionally, the in vitro model may offer new possibilities to further investigate mechanisms of these molecules in tumor biology and their real significance in prognosis and possible target therapies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document