Venous thromboembolism: epidemiology and aetiology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demosthenes G. Katritsis ◽  
Bernard J. Gersh ◽  
A. John Camm
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism denotes pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis. This chapter addresses the epidemiology and aetiology of the disease.

High incidence of patients lost to follow-up after venous thromboembolism diagnosis – Identifying an unmet need for targeted transition of care

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812110209
Author(s):  
Rae S Rokosh ◽  
Jack H Grazi ◽  
David Ruohoniemi ◽  
Eugene Yuriditsky ◽  
James Horowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Transition Of Care ◽  
Initial Discharge ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives Venous thromboembolism, including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a major source of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Given the prevalence of venous thromboembolism and its associated mortality, our study sought to identify factors associated with loss to follow-up in venous thromboembolism patients. Methods This is a single-center retrospective study of all consecutive admitted (inpatient) and emergency department patients diagnosed with acute venous thromboembolism via venous duplex examination and/or chest computed tomography from January 2018 to March 2019. Patients with chronic deep venous thrombosis and those diagnosed in the outpatient setting were excluded. Lost to venous thromboembolism-specific follow-up (LTFU) was defined as patients who did not follow up with vascular, cardiology, hematology, oncology, pulmonology, or primary care clinic for venous thromboembolism management at our institution within three months of initial discharge. Patients discharged to hospice or dead within 30 days of initial discharge were excluded from LTFU analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 16 (College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC) with a p-value of <0.05 set for significance. Results During the study period, 291 isolated deep venous thrombosis, 25 isolated pulmonary embolism, and 54 pulmonary embolism with associated deep venous thrombosis were identified in 370 patients. Of these patients, 129 (35%) were diagnosed in the emergency department and 241 (65%) in the inpatient setting. At discharge, 289 (78%) were on anticoagulation, 66 (18%) were not, and 15 (4%) were deceased. At the conclusion of the study, 120 patients (38%) had been LTFU, 85% of whom were discharged on anticoagulation. There was no statistically significant difference between those LTFU and those with follow-up with respect to age, gender, diagnosis time of day, venous thromboembolism anatomic location, discharge unit location, or anticoagulation choice at discharge. There was a non-significant trend toward longer inpatient length of stay among patients LTFU (16.2 days vs. 12.3 days, p = 0.07), and a significant increase in the proportion of LTFU patients discharged to a facility rather than home ( p = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, we found a 95% increase in the odds of being lost to venous thromboembolism-specific follow-up if discharged to a facility (OR 1.95, CI 1.1–3.6, p = 0.03) as opposed to home. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that over one-third of patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolism at our institution are lost to venous thromboembolism-specific follow-up, particularly those discharged to a facility. Our work suggests that significant improvement could be achieved by establishing a pathway for the targeted transition of care to a venous thromboembolism-specific follow-up clinic.

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Aesthetic Surgery: A Survey of Plastic Surgeons’ Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1351-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L Aimé ◽  
Matthew R Neville ◽  
Danielle A Thornburg ◽  
Shelley S Noland ◽  
Raman C Mahabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Aesthetic Surgery ◽  
Thromboembolism Prophylaxis ◽  
Vte Prophylaxis ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
The Aesthetic

Abstract Background Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, collectively known as venous thromboembolism (VTE), are among the most feared yet preventable surgical complications. Although many recommendations exist to reduce the risk of VTE, the actual VTE prophylaxis practices of aesthetic plastic surgeons remain unknown. Objectives The primary aim of this study was to elucidate plastic surgeons’ experiences with VTE, preferred VTE prophylaxis practices, and areas in which VTE prevention may be improved. Methods Members of The Aesthetic Society were queried via a 55-question electronic survey regarding their experience with VTE as well as their VTE prophylaxis practices. Anonymous responses were collected and analyzed by the Mayo Clinic Survey Research Center. Results The survey was sent to 1729 of The Aesthetic Society members, of whom 286 responded. Fifty percent, 38%, and 6% of respondents reported having had a patient develop a deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or death secondary to VTE, respectively. Procedures performed on the back or trunk were associated with the highest rate of VTE. Lower extremity procedures were associated with a significantly higher rate of VTE than expected. Over 90% of respondents reported utilizing a patient risk stratification assessment tool. Although at least one-half of respondents reported that the surgical facility in which they operate maintains some form of VTE prophylaxis protocol, 39% self-reported nonadherence with these protocols. Conclusions Considerable variability exists in VTE prophylaxis practices among The Aesthetic Society responders. Future efforts should simplify guidelines and tailor prophylaxis recommendations to the aesthetic surgery population. Furthermore, education of plastic surgeons performing aesthetic surgery and more diligent surgical venue supervision is needed to narrow the gap between current recommendations and actual practices.

scholarly journals A Possible Association of Diindolylmethane with Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Bui ◽  
Maan Moualla ◽  
Dona J. Upson
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Right Middle Lobe

Introduction.3,3′-Diindolylmethane is available as a supplement in the United States for “cancer prevention” and “augmentation of physical fitness.” A derivative of indole-3-carbinol found in plants, diindolylmethane, binds to receptors associated with the sex steroid pathways and has unclear effects on estrogen and androgen physiology. We present a patient who had been taking diindolylmethane and developed right lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and bilateral pulmonary embolism.Case Presentation.A 65-year-old man presented with swelling, erythema, and warmth of his right lower extremity for three to four weeks. He had been taking diindolylmethane one tablet daily for three to four months. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism included tobacco use, personal history of possible pulmonary embolism, body mass index, and age. Imaging studies found extensive deep venous thrombosis in his right lower extremity and bilateral pulmonary embolism with probable right middle lobe infarction. Follow-up imaging showed chronic deep venous thrombosis in his right lower extremity.Discussion.As suggested in this single case, patients who take diindolylmethane may be at greater risk for venous thromboembolism. Further reports and studies are necessary in order to elucidate this possible association. Clinicians should question patients about supplements in the setting of venous thromboembolism.

Efficacy and safety of apixaban in patients with active malignancy and acute deep venous thrombosis

Vascular ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 170853812097114
Author(s):  
Mostafa El Mokadem ◽  
Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Abdulaziz Z Algaby
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Massive Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Objectives Low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has been approved for treatment of deep venous thrombosis and venous thromboembolism which are associated with cancer. The efficacy and safety of apixaban in management of acute deep venous thrombosis associated with active malignancy is still an unresolved issue. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apixaban in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis and active malignancy compared with weight adjusted subcutaneous LMWH. Methods Of 138 randomized patients, 100 patients with active malignancy presenting with acute deep venous thrombosis and still treated with chemotherapy were assigned to either oral apixaban therapy or subcutaneous low-molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) through randomized clinical study in 1:1 ratio. All patients were followed up to six months. The primary end point was major bleeding, while secondary end points were recurrent deep venous thrombosis or venous thromboembolism, minor or non-fatal bleeding and mortality related to massive pulmonary embolism. Results Both groups were matched regarding their baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. We had 84 patients with metastatic cancer (stage 4). The most prevalent type of malignancy was cancer colon (42% of cases). There was no significant difference between both groups regarding the incidence of primary and secondary end points. There were no reported mortality cases related to massive pulmonary embolism in both groups. Conclusion In this limited study, there was no difference in the major bleeding, recurrent deep venous thrombosis or minor bleeding in patients with active malignancy when treated with either apixaban or LMWH. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04462003). Registered 7 July 2020 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04462003

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Paralysis and Deep Venous Thrombosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5412
Author(s):  
Karsten Keller ◽  
Jens Wöllner ◽  
Volker H. Schmitt ◽  
Mir A. Ostad ◽  
Ingo Sagoschen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Acute Paraplegia ◽  
The Impact

Background. Venous thromboembolism is a frequent complication and an important cause of death in patients with paralysis. We aimed to investigate predictors of pulmonary embolism (PE) and the impact of PE on the survival of patients with paralysis in comparison to those with deep venous thrombosis or thrombophlebitis (DVT). Methods: Patients were selected by screening the German nationwide inpatient sample (2005–2017) for paralysis, and were stratified for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the VTE-sub-entity PE (ICD-code I26). Impact of PE on mortality and predictors for PE were analyzed. Results: Overall, 7,873,769 hospitalizations of patients with paralysis were recorded in Germany 2005–2017, of whom 1.6% had VTE and 7.0% died. While annual hospitalizations increased (2005: 520,357 to 2017: 663,998) (β 12,421 (95% CI 10,807 to 14,034), p < 0.001), in-hospital mortality decreased from 7.5% to 6.7% (β −0.08% (95% CI −0.10% to −0.06%), p < 0.001). When focusing on 82,558 patients with paralysis hospitalized due to VTE (51.8% females; 58.3% aged ≥ 70 years) in 2005–2017, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with paralysis and PE than in those with DVT only (23.8% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.001). Cancer (OR 2.18 (95% CI 2.09–2.27), p < 0.001), heart failure (OR 1.83 (95% CI 1.76–1.91), p < 0.001), COPD (OR 1.63 (95% CI 1.53–1.72), p < 0.001) and obesity (OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.35–1.50), p < 0.001) were associated with PE. PE (OR 4.28 (95% CI 4.07–4.50), p < 0.001) was a strong predictor of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: In Germany, annual hospitalizations of patients with paralysis increased in 2005–2017, in whom VTE and especially PE substantially affected in-hospital mortality. Cancer, heart failure, COPD, obesity and acute paraplegia were risk factors of PE.

Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism: A Community-based Study in Western France

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (05) ◽  
pp. 657-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oger ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Effective Prophylaxis ◽  
One Year

SummaryThe incidence of venous thromboembolism has been studied during one year in a defined population of 342,000 inhabitants. The overall incidence (95% confidence interval) of venous thromboembolism was found to be 1.83 per thousand per year (1.69 to 1.98). The incidences of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were 1.24 per thousand per year (1.12 to 1.36) and 0.60 per thousand per year (0.52 to 0.69), respectively. The incidence of venous thromboembolism rose markedly with increasing age for both sexes; over the age of 75, the annual incidence reached 1 per 100. Sixty three percent of the patients were at home when venous thromboembolism occurred. Of these, sixteen percent had been previously hospitalised within three months. These results raise concerns on identification of medical patients at high risk and effective prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Massive Fatal Pulmonary Embolism While on Therapeutic Heparin Drip

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 232470962091478
Author(s):  
Said Hajouli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Fatal Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In this article, we present a case of a patient with an acute DVT who was treated with a therapeutic heparin drip, then developed syncope while in the hospital and found to have massive bilateral PEs. This case aims to arouse the medical staff’s awareness of the VTE diagnosis even if the patient is fully anticoagulated. We review the indications for DVT hospitalization, heparin infusion monitoring, risk factors for developing PE from DVT, mechanisms of developing PE from DVT while on therapeutic anticoagulation, and signs and treatment of massive PE.

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