Public Health Practice, Leadership, and Health Care Law

2010 ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Robin G. Molella
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Health Care Law

Public health is focused on health at the population level. This broad focus allows public health officials to use strategies and tools that differ from those used by health care providers, who focus on individual patients. Determinants of health include access to education, safe working environments, and safe and reliable sources of nutrition. Community empowerment aims to create sustainable change through vocational training, health education, policy changes, and other actions. Quarantine, incarceration, or forced treatment can be used by public health agencies if they provide proof of danger to the community. Licensure authorizes an agency to create rules that regulate the activities of the professional or entity; medical examinations can be mandated. The ethical principles of nonmaleficence and beneficence are the same for public health and medicine. Ethics in public health also consider the needs of the population and how that may interfere with individual freedoms. Various types of cost analyses can be performed to determine where best to apply available public health funds.

The HIPAA Privacy Rule: Reviewing the Post-Compliance Impact on Public Health Practice and Research

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (S4) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora Kutkat ◽  
James G. Hodge ◽  
Thomas Jeffry ◽  
Diana M. Bontá
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Personal Health Information ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Health Plans ◽  
Privacy Rule ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Hipaa Privacy Rule

Current economic conditions have coincided with the implementation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and forced public health officials to consider how to ethically incorporate compliance into their already strained budgets, while maintaining the integrity and intent of the legislation.As of April 14, 2003, the HIPAA Privacy Rule provides a new federal floor of protections for personal health information. The Privacy Rule establishes standards for the protection of health information held by many physicians’ offices, health plans, and health care clearinghouses. The Rule protects personal health information by establishing conditions regulating the use and disclosure of individually identifiable health information by these entities, also referred to as covered entities. The Rule does not prevent the daily operations of health care establishments (i.e., the treatment of patients and the collection of payment).

scholarly journals Leading the way: Qualities of leaders in preventing mis-implementation of public health programs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Moreland-Russell ◽  
Emily Rodriguez Weno ◽  
Romario Smith ◽  
Margaret Padek ◽  
Louise Farah Saliba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Public Health Agencies

Abstract Background Public health agencies are increasingly concerned with ensuring they are maximizing limited resources by delivering effective programs to enhance population-level health outcomes. Preventing mis-implementation is necessary to sustain public health efforts and resources needed to improve health and well-being. Because executive management is responsible for making decisions such as approving or disapproving the continuance of a program, it is important to understand the attributes of public health leaders in preventing program mis-implementation. The purpose of this paper is to identify the important qualities of leadership in preventing the mis-implementation of public health programs. Methods In Spring 2019, we selected eight state health departments (SHD) to participate in qualitative interviews on decision making around ending or continuing programs. Forty-four SHD chronic disease employees were interviewed via phone, audio-recorded, and the conversations transcribed verbatim. All transcripts were consensus coded, and themes were identified and summarized. This analysis focused on themes related to leadership. Results Participants were program managers or section directors who had on average worked 11 years at their agency and 15 years in public health. The following themes emerged from their interviews regarding the important leadership attributes to prevent mis-implementation: (1) engagement, use of quality improvement, and being adaptive; (2) transparent and bidirectional communication; and (3) ability to navigate political influences. Conclusion This first of its kind study showed the close inter-relationship between mis-implementation and leadership. Increased attention to public health leader attributes can help to reduce mis-implementation in public health practice and lead to more effective and efficient use of limited resources. A better understanding of those attributes can provide further direction to future areas of attention and capacity building among current and future public health practitioners. Future research should incorporate a mixed-methods approach to more comprehensively understand the relationships of leaders and practitioners.

scholarly journals Health-Care Provider Preferences for Time-Sensitive Communications from Public Health Agencies

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (6_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Revere ◽  
Ian Painter ◽  
Mark Oberle ◽  
Janet G. Baseman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Communication Modalities ◽  
E Mail

Objective. The Rapid Emergency Alert Communication in Health (REACH) Trial was a randomized control trial to systematically compare and evaluate the effectiveness of traditional and mobile communication modalities for public health agencies to disseminate time-sensitive information to health-care providers (HCPs). We conducted a sub-study to identify the communication channels by which HCPs preferred receiving public health alerts and advisories. Methods. Enrolled HCPs were blindly randomized into four message delivery groups to receive time-sensitive public health messages by e-mail, fax, or short message service (SMS) or to a no-message control group. Follow-up interviews were conducted 5–10 days after the message. In the final interview, additional questions were asked regarding HCP preferences for receiving public health alerts and advisories. We examined the relationship between key covariates and preferred method of receiving public health alert and advisory messages. Results. Gender, age, provider type, and study site showed statistically significant associations with delivery method preference. Older providers were more likely than younger providers to prefer e-mail or fax, while younger providers were more likely than older providers to prefer receiving messages via SMS. Conclusions. There is currently no evidence-based research to guide or improve communication between public health agencies and HCPs. Understanding the preferences of providers for receiving alerts and advisories may improve the effectiveness of vital public health communications systems and, in turn, may enhance disease surveillance, aid in early detection, and improve case finding and situational awareness for public health emergencies.

scholarly journals What methods and challenges for taking account of context when transferring complex interventions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Villadsen ◽  
S Dias
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Reproductive Health Care

Abstract For complex public health interventions to be effective their implementation needs to adapt to the situation of those implementing and those receiving the intervention. While context matter for intervention implementation and effect, we still insist on learning from cross-country comparison of implementation. Next methodological challenges include how to increase learning from implementation of complex public health interventions from various context. The interventions presented in this workshop all aims to improve quality of reproductive health care for immigrants, however with different focus: contraceptive care in Sweden, group based antenatal care in France, and management of pregnancy complications in Denmark. What does these interventions have in common and are there cross cutting themes that help us to identify the larger challenges of reproductive health care for immigrant women in Europe? Issues shared across the interventions relate to improved interactional dynamics between women and the health care system, and theory around a woman-centered approach and cultural competence of health care providers and systems might enlighten shared learnings across the different interventions and context. Could the mechanisms of change be understood using theoretical underpinnings that allow us to better generalize the finding across context? What adaption would for example be needed, if the Swedish contraceptive intervention should work in a different European setting? Should we distinguish between adaption of function and form, where the latter might be less important for intervention fidelity? These issues will shortly be introduced during this presentation using insights from the three intervention presentations and thereafter we will open up for discussion with the audience.

scholarly journals Innovative COVID-19 Programs to Rapidly Serve New Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Joanna G. Katzman ◽  
Laura E. Tomedi ◽  
Karla Thornton ◽  
Paige Menking ◽  
Michael Stanton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
General Education ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Healthcare Outcomes ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Project Echo

Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) at the University of New Mexico is a telementoring program that uses videoconferencing technology to connect health care providers in underserved communities with subject matter experts. In March 2020, Project ECHO created 10 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) telementoring programs to meet the public health needs of clinicians and teachers living in underserved rural and urban regions of New Mexico. The newly created COVID-19 programs include 7 weekly sessions (Community Health Worker [in English and Spanish], Critical Care, Education, First-Responder Resiliency, Infectious Disease Office Hours, and Multi-specialty) and 3 one-day special sessions. We calculated the total number of attendees, along with the range and standard deviation, per session by program. Certain programs (Critical Care, Infectious Disease Office Hours, Multi-specialty) recorded the profession of attendees when available. The Project ECHO research team collected COVID-19 infection data by county from March 11 through May 31, 2020. During that same period, 9765 health care and general education professionals participated in the COVID-19 programs, and participants from 31 of 35 (89%) counties in New Mexico attended the sessions. Our initial evaluation of these programs demonstrates that an interprofessional clinician group and teachers used the Project ECHO network to build a community of practice and social network while meeting their educational and professional needs. Because of Project ECHO’s large reach, the results of the New Mexico COVID-19 response suggest that the rapid use of ECHO telementoring could be used for other urgent national public health problems.

Creating Academic and Health Care Partnerships that Impact Public Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-384
Author(s):  
Peter W. Grandjean ◽  
Burritt W. Hess ◽  
Nicholas Schwedock ◽  
Jackson O. Griggs ◽  
Paul M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Local Health Care ◽  
Training Community ◽  
The University

Kinesiology programs are well positioned to create and develop partnerships within the university, with local health care providers, and with the community to integrate and enhance the activities of professional training, community service, public health outreach, and collaborative research. Partnerships with medical and health care organizations may be structured to fulfill accreditation standards and the objectives of the “Exercise is Medicine®” initiative to improve public health through primary prevention. Barriers of scale, location, time, human resources, and funding can be overcome so all stakeholder benefits are much greater than the costs.

scholarly journals Household preferences and willingness to pay for health insurance in Kampala City: a discrete choice experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Kalyango ◽  
Rornald Muhumuza Kananura ◽  
Elizabeth Ekirapa Kiracho
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Kampala City ◽  
Household Preferences

Abstract Introduction Uganda is in discussions to introduce a national health insurance scheme. However, there is a paucity of information on household preferences and willingness to pay for health insurance attributes that may guide the design of an acceptable health insurance scheme. Our study sought to assess household preferences and willingness to pay for health insurance in Kampala city using a discrete choice experiment. Methods This study was conducted from 16th February 2020 to 10th April 2020 on 240 households in the Kawempe division of Kampala city stratified into slum and non-slum communities in order to get a representative sample of the area. We purposively selected the communities that represented slum and non-slum communities and thereafter applied systematic sampling in the selection of the households that participated in the study from each of the communities. Four household and policy-relevant attributes were used in the experimental design of the study. Each respondent attended to 9 binary choice sets of health insurance plans that included one fixed choice set. Data were analyzed using mixed logit models. Results Households in both the non-slum and slum communities had a high preference for health insurance plans that included both private and public health care providers as compared to plans that included public health care providers only (non-slum coefficient β = 0.81, P < 0.05; slum β = 0.87, p < 0.05) and; health insurance plans that covered extended family members as compared to plans that had limitations on the number of family members allowed (non-slum β = 0.44, P < 0.05; slum β = 0.36, p < 0.05). Households in non-slum communities, in particular, had a high preference for health insurance plans that covered chronic illnesses and major surgeries to other plans (0.97 β, P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that location of the household influences willingness to pay with households from non-slum communities willing to pay more for the preferred attributes. Conclusion Potential health insurance schemes should consider including both private and public health care providers and allow more household members to be enrolled in both slum and non-slum communities. However, the inclusion of more HH members should be weighed against the possible depletion of resources and other attributes. Potential health insurance schemes should also prioritize coverage for chronic illnesses and major surgeries in non-slum communities, in particular, to make the scheme attractive and acceptable for these communities.

Immigrant Communities and COVID-19: Strengthening the Public Health Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (S3) ◽  
pp. S224-S231
Author(s):  
Lan N. Đoàn ◽  
Stella K. Chong ◽  
Supriya Misra ◽  
Simona C. Kwon ◽  
Stella S. Yi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure ◽  
Health Infrastructure

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the many broken fragments of US health care and social service systems, reinforcing extant health and socioeconomic inequities faced by structurally marginalized immigrant communities. Throughout the pandemic, even during the most critical period of rising cases in different epicenters, immigrants continued to work in high-risk-exposure environments while simultaneously having less access to health care and economic relief and facing discrimination. We describe systemic factors that have adversely affected low-income immigrants, including limiting their work opportunities to essential jobs, living in substandard housing conditions that do not allow for social distancing or space to safely isolate from others in the household, and policies that discourage access to public resources that are available to them or that make resources completely inaccessible. We demonstrate that the current public health infrastructure has not improved health care access or linkages to necessary services, treatments, or culturally competent health care providers, and we provide suggestions for how the Public Health 3.0 framework could advance this. We recommend the following strategies to improve the Public Health 3.0 public health infrastructure and mitigate widening disparities: (1) address the social determinants of health, (2) broaden engagement with stakeholders across multiple sectors, and (3) develop appropriate tools and technologies. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(S3):S224–S231. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306433 )

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